Gr 9 Rise of Dictators 1

8/3/2019 Gr 9 Rise of Dictators 1

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Rise of Dictators



Germany blamed for causing WorldWar IEconomy destroyed after WWI – forcedto pay large reparations for startingwarDiscrimination of ethnic groups

The rise of dictators as a result of WWI



The Great

Depression isworldwide - butespecially hardin Germany (dueto the Treaty of Versailles .



By November 5th, 1923 a loaf of breadcost 140 billion marks. Workers werepaid twice a day, and given half-hourbreaks to rush to the shops with theirsatchels, suitcases or wheelbarrow, tobuy something, anything, before theirpaper money halved in value yet

again. By mid-November, when a newcurrency was issued, prices hadadded twelve zeros since the firstworld war began in 1914.”

The Economist



Using money to wallpaperthe house

Using money to heat the house

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Inflation-1923.jpg



In early August 1923 one pound of meatstood at 180,000 marks, a four-pound loaf of bread at 90,000; one egg cost around15,000marks. One U.S. dollar brought 7,000,000marks.



60-year-old Johann Hofmann recorded in hisdiary in stunned disbelief how it was "almostindescribable how much everything cost."A pound of butter: 20,000 marks. A cow:20,000,000 marks. A six-pound loaf of bread:

4,800 marks.One month later that loaf cost 135,000 marks, inearly September, 450,000. In early October itwas 3,500,000 marks, and in mid-November a

mind-boggling 220,000,000,000 marks — or justabout 5 cents because on November 15 one U.S.dollar was worth 4,200,000,000,000, that is 4.2trillion marks.”



EuropeBeforeWorldWar I



EuropeafterWorldWar 1



Soviet Union (USSR): Joseph Stalin SPAIN: Francisco FrancoITALY: Benito Mussolini

JAPAN: Emperor HirohitoGERMANY: Adolf Hitler



Soviet Union – CommunismItaly - FascismGermany – Nazism



Communism



1924 Lenin died◦ Lenin wanted Trotsky to take overStalin took over instead.◦ Bullied / threatened / murdered his way into

power.◦ Killed those loyal to Trotsky◦ Eventually has Trotsky himself killed. (Mexico

1940)Stalin launched a massive program forindustrialization (railroads, steel mills,military hardware), despite what itwould require in human suffering.◦ Five- Year Plan to “catch and overtake” the

leading capitalist countries.



Stalin was a paranoid

who oppressed andoften killed anyonewho was perceived asa threat to his power.

He purged (killed off)most of the bestofficers and politiciansout of his army andgovernment.

By the late 1930s, theUSSR was weak fromthe removal of its bestand brightest – but atleast Stalin felt secure



Workers laboring in the GULAG work campsystem



After World War I, theItalian monarchy was tornby rising threats from theCommunist left and the

Fascist right.Former army officer BenitoMussolini founded theItalian Fascist party in1920.



Fascism -

Glorificationof the allpowerfulstate at theexpense of the individual



The slogan was "Mussolini, the man whomade the Trains Run on Time."

It was simple, if the train was late... theengineer was arrested or tortured, along withthe conductor and ticket clerk etc.Or, they just changed the time the train wassupposed to arrive – to coincide with when itACTUALLY showed up. Simple

or idiotic buffoon?



A political philosophybased on order overlibertyCelebrates militarismCelebrates obedienceto authorityCelebrates PrivatePropertyHates democracy

Hates CommunismHates Socialism



Adolf Hitler“Fuhrer”



Nazism (National Socialism ) a politicalideology promoting Germanic racialsuperiority . Held that the German nation andthe purported "Aryan" race were superior toother races.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Naziswastika.png



Adolf Hitler comes to power inGermany by preachingsocialism, nationalism, andmilitarism.

Hitler blamed the otherEuropean countries, and theminorities living in Germanyfor the poor GermanEconomy.

Hitler’s party soon gained enough support so theycould name him to office. “One people, one

empire, one leader!”



Hitler beganviolating the Treatyof Versailles:

building up hismilitary (militarism)

stopped payingwar debts to theallies



Hitler also begangetting his countryready for war.◦ Began drafting men

into the army;◦ Made very

nationalisticspeeches (very pro-German and anti-Semitic, anti-anything other thanGerman).



•Silk industry, an export staple, was already suffering from the

advent of artificial silk-like fibers produced by Western chemicalgiants.

•Now luxury purchases collapsed, leading to severeunemployment and a crucial political crisis.

•Between 1929 and 1931, the value of Japanese exportsplummeted by 50 percent. Workers' real income dropped by almostone-third.• •Over three million unemployed.

•Depression was compounded by bad harvests in severalregions, leading to rural begging and near-starvation.

Meanwhile, in Japan…

Gr 9 Rise of Dictators 1

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