The Reign of Terror: Revolutionary France. A State Controlled Church National Assembly’s Early...
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Transcript of The Reign of Terror: Revolutionary France. A State Controlled Church National Assembly’s Early...
![Page 1: The Reign of Terror: Revolutionary France. A State Controlled Church National Assembly’s Early Reforms: –State controlled church. –Catholic Church lost.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e885503460f94b8c718/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Reign of Terror:
Revolutionary France
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A State Controlled Church
•National Assembly’s Early Reforms: –State controlled church.–Catholic Church lost land, independence.•Land sold to help settle France’s debts.
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Louis XVI Tries to Escape
• The Royal Family attempted to escape to Austria between June 20th and 21st of 1791. They were recognized and caught.
• Seen as repudiation of French Revolution; permanently damaged his standing. Provoked charges of treason and led directly to his execution in 1793.
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A Constitutional Monarchy?
• National Assembly created new constitution in September 1791.
• Created new lawmaking body called the Legislative Assembly which replaced the National Assembly.
• King still held onto executive authority.
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Factions Emerge
• Among the Legislative Assembly, three groups: radicals, moderates, conservatives.
• Outside factions as well:• Émigrés, people who
fled France and wanted to undo Revolution.
• Sans-culottes, Parisian people who wanted greater change; typically shop-keepers and workers.
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War Breaks Out
• Austria and Prussia want Louis restored as absolute monarch, Legislative Assembly declares war.
• France has bad start; Prussians start advancing.
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Radicalization
• Prussian commander says Paris will be leveled if the king is harmed. August 10, 20,000 people storm the palace where the royal family lived; killed the guards and made the royal family prisoners.
• In September, rumors start in Paris that imprisoned royalists were going to break out and seize the city; thousands of prisoners killed.
• New constitution adopted; monarchy abolished, all men have the vote. New governing body is called the National Convention.
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The Jacobins in Control
• New leaders members of the radical Jacobin Club.
• Members include Georges Danton and Jean-Paul Marat.
• Charismatic leaders and speakers, they espoused a radical ideology.
• The National Convention, under Jacobin control, reduced Louis to a regular citizen, and then had him executed on January 21, 1793.
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The Execution of Louis XVI
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Robespierre
• Robespierre, a Jacobin, gained power in early 1793.
• Sought to build a “republic of virtue” by eliminating the past of France.
• Closed all churches, eliminated Sunday, and changed the calendar.
• Became head of Committee of Public Safety; ruled as dictator, and used the CPS to protect revolution from its enemies.
• Executed his enemies ruthlessly; including fellow Jacobins who challenged his rule, such as Georges Danton.
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Robespierre, ctd.
• The political cartoon to the right shows Robespierre putting the executioner through the guillotine because nobody else is left.
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Marie Antoinette Executed October 16, 1793
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New Name Meaning Time Period
Vendemaire Vintage September 22 – October 21
Brumaire Fog October 22 – November 20
Frimaire Frost November 21 – December 20
Nivose Snow December 21 – January 19
Pluviose Rain January 20 – February 18
Ventose Wind February 19 – March 20
Germinal Budding March 21 – April 19
Floreal Flowers April 20 – May 19
Prairial Meadow May 20 – June 18
Messidor Harvest June 19 – July 18
Thermidor Heat July 19 – August 17
Fructidor Fruit August 18 – September 21
The New Calendar
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Thermidorean Reaction
• In July of 1794, the National Convention turned on Robespierre.
• Before being executed, either tried to kill himself or was shot in the face by someone else; conflicting accounts.
• July 28, 1794, he was executed at the guillotine.
• New government formed yet again.