THE REFORMATION

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION

Social: Humanism and the

Printing Press led to a questioning

of the Church.

Political: Monarchs challenged the

authority of the Church.

Economic: People hated paying

church taxes.

Religious: Some church leaders

were corrupt.

CRITICISMS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

One issue was in

particular was the

selling of

indulgences. Which

were Church pardons

that people could

simply buy for

salvation.

EARLY CALLS FOR REFORM

As early as the 1300s

many reformers denied that

the Church had a right to

earthly power.

It also began to be

discussed that the Bible,

not the Church, had

religious authority.

LUTHER AND HIS 95 THESES

Martin Luther was a monk from

Germany who took a public stand

against the selling of indulgences.

Luther wrote a series of 95 statements

which he posted to the church in

Wittenberg, Germany which formally

stated his issues (Indulgences).

This started the Reformation.

REFORMATION

A movement for

Religious reform

which led to the

founding of a series

of Christian churches

that did not accept

the Pope’s authority.

LUTHER’S TEACHINGS

People could gain salvation

only through faith to God.

All Church teachings should

be based on the words of the

Bible.

All people of faith were

equal, no priests were needed.

RESPONSE TO LUTHER

The Church issued a

decree threatening Luther

with excommunication.

The Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V called for Luther

to be put on trial and when

he refused declared him an

outlaw and heretic.

LUTHERANS

Rather than seek to

reform the Catholic

Church anymore,

Luther decided to

establish his own

church in 1522 and

his followers became

known as Lutherans.

PEASANT REVOLT AND CONFLICT

Some serfs began to

apply Luther’s ideas to

society and began

revolting in Germany

which horrified Luther.

The German States as

a result broke into civil

war with Charles V and

princes who supported

Luther

PROTESTANT

The German Princes

who supported Luther

protested against his

excommunication and

became known as

Protestants.

PEACE OF AUGSBURG

Although Charles V was

victorious, he could not

persuade all the princes

to convert back to the

Catholic Church.

Instead they signed an

agreement to allow each

prince to decide their

religion.

ANNUL

Henry VIII of England was

desperate for a male heir and

wished to have his wedding

annulled (divorce) by the Pope

so he could marry another

woman.

When the Pope refused

Henry VIII decided to break

away from the Church.

REFORMATION PARLIAMENT

This is the parliament

which Henry VII called

together for the purpose of

ending the Pope’s power in

England.

Although England officially

split, many English remained

loyal Catholics.

CONSEQUENCES OF HENRY’S CHANGES

Henry in the end never was

able to have a male heir.

After his death, his power

was shared by multiple

children but eventually

Elizabeth took the throne and

continued to convert England

to Protestant.

ANGLICAN

The Anglican

Church became

the official

Protestant Church

of England.

It was the only

legal church in

England.

QUEEN ELIZABETH

Eventually brought peace

to England.

Embraced Renaissance

Ideas.

Decided England should

create and American Empire

to increase wealth.

Famously defeated the

Spanish Armada.

VIDEO CLIPS

English Reformation: 2 Minutes

The Spanish Armada: 10 Minutes

Martin Luther: 3 Minutes

Martin Luther: 8 Minutes