The Real Key to Success is Found in Three Basic Rules

8/10/2019 The Real Key to Success is Found in Three Basic Rules

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The real key to success is found in three basic rules, each formulated to create a stable environment for

the fish. Rule one is to not overstock the tank with fish. The more fish there are in an aquarium, the faster

the water quality goes down. As noted earlier, the filter only slows this process.

The second rule is to not overfeed the fish. The accumulation of uneaten food in the tank will quicklycontaminate the water. Rule three is to do frequent partial water changes. This removes pollutants and

adds fresh, clean water to the aquarium, helping to maintain a healthy habitat.

If you understand these three rules and the reasoning behind them, you're well on your way to becoming

a successful aquarist.

hat remains is to learn about the equipment you'll be using !! what you need and why you need it !! and

then to learn a little about the fish that you'll be setting up house for.

If the tank is overcrowded, if you consistently feed the fish too much food, and if you seldom do partialwater changes, thefilter systemwill be unable to keep the water quality where it should be. If you find

yourself dealing with diseased and dying fish on a regular basis, you are almost certainly doing at least

one of these three things wrong.

"asic aquarium maintenance is not time consuming if the tank is set up correctly and you go about it

properly. #ou should get in the habit of looking at the fish closely every day or two, as well as checking

the water temperature.

Aquarium Image Gallery

$nce each week, clean the inside of the front glass %and the side glass if you want&, change ( or )percent of the water, and clean the outside of the glass. #ou could do this every ten days, but it is usually

easier to remember if you perform maintenance on the same day each week.

If the tank is lightly stocked and you are careful about not overfeeding, this basic aquarium maintenance

can be done every other week. *ndercrowding also means that more e+tensive maintenance, particularly

on the filter, doesn't have to be done as often either.

If you keep large fish that consume greater amounts of food and thus produce more waste products, you

may have to change as much as )( percent of the water each time.

ote that tank si-e makes a difference, too. ot only are larger tanks a more stable aquatic environmentfor the fish, but they also require less work than smaller aquariums.

hen doing water changes, be sure to use what may be the most important accessory you can own a

hydro!vacuum. /ssentially, the hydro!vacuum consists of a hose to siphon the water from the tank with a

special attachment on the end that goes into the tank. The attachment is a long, clear tube that is much

wider than the siphon hose.
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/very two to eight weeks, depending on how the tank is managed and what sort of fish it houses, the filter

materials in the power filter will need to be changed. If the mechanical filtermaterial is reusable, place it

in a bucket with some aquarium water and squee-e it a few times to clean it or simply rinse it with tap

water.

If you use tap water, make sure it is the same temperature as the tank water. If you are using some typeof bio!media in thepower filter,follow the same procedure as for the mechanical filter material.

The granular activated carbon will have to be replaced. $nce the carbon is saturated with molecules it

can't absorb any more.

0ome hobbyists test the carbon by tinting the water very lightly with a harmless food dye. If the dye is

removed by the carbon, it does not need to be replaced. It is easier to simply use new carbon when

cleaning or changing the mechanical filter material.

This is all the maintenance an aquarium should require. 1o not tear the tank down, clean everything

thoroughly, and then set it up again. This only destroys all of the beneficial bacteria in the aquarium,

forcing you to break in the tank again. If an aquarium requires that kind of cleaning, there are severe

overcrowding or maintenance problems that need to be dealt with.

"RID-ALL" GENERAL AID

Is a famous standard preparation used as a cure and more as a general preventionof most fish

diseases commonly faced by the aquarium trade.

It is widely used in fish farms and hatcheries all over the world; and byexporters of aquariumfishes to cut down mortality rates during transit.

Unlike most Acriflavine based products "I!A##" $eneral Aid willnot cause the lethal egg

binding in most aquarium fish.

DIRECTIONS:

%or ich& mouth and body fungi& fin and tail rot& torn fins& and sore spots'add ( ml. with oneteaspoonful of salt to ( litres of aquarium water.

epeat after ) days if no improvement& using *+ ml.

%or most $,#! %I- diseases such as red spots and bleeding veins on hns&constipation& bladderproblems& lack of appetite& use ( ml to *+ litresof water plus one teaspoonful of salt.

As a general /onic and when adding new fishes& or as a prevention of diseases&particularly inbaby fishes& use ( ml. to )( litres of water weekly.

PACKING:

*)+ ml.

)++ ml.

* litre

0.( litres
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( litres

"RID-ALL" ANTI-CHLORINE

1reates natural water condition instantly by neutralising fresh tap water2schlorine content which

is very harmful to aquarium fishes.

It also removes heavy metals such as arsenic& mercury or cyanide normallyfound in watercollected from the lakes and springs.

It is economical& safe and nontoxic to aquarium plants and fishes.

DIRECTIONS:

Use ( ml 3one teaspoonful4 to )( litres of fresh tape water changed.

It should be used whenever fresh water is added to the aquarium.

PACKINGS: *)+ ml

)++ml

* litre

0.( litres

( litres

Welcome to our TIPS ON LIFE Page

T!# $age # #m$l% to #er&e t!o#e 't! m(or $ro)lem# ( *ee$(g t!er +#!e# al&e a(, t!o#e 't! ,ou)t

a)out #ome t!(g# t!at t!e% 'ere tol, I+ %ou !a&e a $ro)lem t!at # (ot co&ere, !ere or %ou l*e to #!are t!e

$ro)lem 't! me $lea#e emal me a(, + #uta)le 'll $lace t !ere or at t!e FA. T!e t$# are /ue#to(# t!at

'e 'ere mo#t o+te( a#*e, Some /ue#to(# (ee,e, more com$re!e(#&e a(#'er# a(, 'll )e ( t!e FA.

0Fre/ue(tl% A#*e, .ue#to(#1 Secto( Some m#co(ce$to(# are al#o a(#'ere, !ere All t$# are +rom m% o'(

$er#o(al e2$ere(ce# a(, ( (o 'a% ,o I clam t!at m% #oluto(# are t!e o(e a(, o(l% 'a% to #ol&e %our

$ro)lem# E&er%o(e a(, e&e( (,&,ual a/uarum #!o$# a(, +#! +arm# 'll !a&e t!er o'( #oluto(# Some

#oluto(# are a(ce(t )ut #tll 'or*a)le '!le ot!er# ma% )e com$letel% 't!out a(% #ce(t+c )a##

'!at#oe&er W!ere&er $o##)le I tr% to g&e '!ate&er #ce(t+c e2$la(ato( #o t!at %ou ca( u(,er#ta(,

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3Do (ot *ee$ 4g +#! 't! #mall +#! 4g +#! 'll eat #mall +#! - (o matter '!at #$ece# o+ +#! 0Rule o+

(ature1

5 Salt ,oe# (ot e&a$orate o(l% 'ater Remem)er t!e #c!ool e2$erme(t '!ere %ou ,##ol&e #ome #alt ( t!e)ea*er o+ 'ater )ol t!e 'ater u(tl ,r% a(, t!e( get t!e re#,ue 0#alt1 )ac* 66

7

Not all +#!e# a$$recate# #alt ( t!e 'ater Har,'ater a(, )rac*#! 'ater +#!e# 'll )e mo#t grate+ul +or a

lttle #alt ( t!er ta(* )ut (ot #o+t'ater +#!e# - alt!oug! t!e% ca( tolerate #ome #alt co(te(t E2am$le# o+

Har,'ater or 4rac*#! 'ater +#!e# are : Scat# 8o(o# 8olle# Gu$$e# mo#t Sout! A+rca( Cc!l,# a

great ,eal o+ mout! )ree,er# etc 9#e 3 tea#$oo( o+ #alt to 3 9S gallo(# o+ 'ater 0a)out ; 9K Gallo(# or

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,++ere(ce ( O#matc $re##ure


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>Too muc! #alt 'll KILL ALL +#!e# Follo' t!e a)o&e gu,e a(, ,o (ot a$$l% too muc! #alt 8ore # (ot

)etter Do %ou ta*e $a(a,ol '!e( %ou ,o (ot !a&e a !ea,ac!e 6

Terra$(# re/ure #u(lg!t +or t!er #!ell to gro' $ro$erl% 0!ar,e(1 E&e( +#!e# e2$o#e, to (atural

#u(lg!t !a&e )etter colour#

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5S9PPORT t!# +ree #er&ce : ALWAS 9SE A.9ARI98 RE8EDIES Plea#e t our

!ome $age at !tt$:'''!o(gtacom#g or clc* t!e logo )elo'

I+ a(%o(e ,#agree# 't! m% #oluto(# $lea#e emal me I 'll )e mo#t grate+ul +or t!e +ee,)ac* a(, 0(e'1

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!el, re#$o(#)le +or a(% m#!a$# t!at mg!t !a$$e( e#$ecall% #(ce ma(% +actor# l*e t!e $H tem$erature or

'ater /ualt% etc o+ %our +#! ta(* # )e%o(, our co(trol I+ ( ,ou)t al'a%# a#* or emal me

Q1. Help ! My fishes died very soon after I pour them into my fish tank.

A3

W!e(e&er (e' +#!e# are a,,e, (to a +#! ta(* t!e% are #u)ecte, to #!oc* '!c! ca( *ll

t!em S!oc* +rom t!e tem$erature c!a(ge# a(, c!emcal ,++ere(ce# ( 'ater c!em#tr%

)et'ee( '!ere t!e% 'ere la#t *e$t a(, t!e (e' e(&ro(me(t Slg!t &arato(# ca( )e

tolerate, )ut eac! #$ece# !a&e ,++ere(t ,egree# o+ tolera(ce E&e( #ame #$ece# !a&e

,++ere(t tolera(t le&el# T!e )a#c #oluto( # to lmt or le##e( a# muc! o+ t!e #!oc* a#

$o##)le To (tro,uce (e' +#!e# (to %our ta(* al'a%# +loat t!e $la#tc )ag o+ %our +#!e# (%our ta(* +or at lea#t a( !our T!# # to clmat?e t!e tem$erature )et'ee( %our +#!e# ( t!e

$la#tc )ag 't! t!at o+ %our +#! ta(* A+ter t!at a,, e/ual &olume o+ 'ater +rom %our ta(*

to t!e $la#tc )ag o+ +#!e# a(, +loat +or )et'ee( 3< m(# to a)out !al+ !our T!# # to

m(m#e #!oc* +rom c!emcal ,++ere(ce# l*e ,++ere(ce# ( $H Har,(e## #al(t% etc

I+ %ou !a&e a $H te#ter %ou #!oul, te#t t!e $H o+ t!e 'ater ( t!e )ag a(, t!e $H o+ %our

ta(* A,u#t t!e $H OF O9R TANK to t!at o+ t!e +#!e# ( t!e )ag + %our ta(* # em$t% o+

+#!e# Remem)er t!at $H c!a(ge# mu#t )e mea#ure, a+ter a)out 3 !our a(, +#!e# ca((ot

tolerate $H c!a(ge# o+ more t!a( 7 $o(t A,u#t %our $H accor,(g to %our $H a,u#ter

(#tructo(# W!e( all # ( or,er ge(tl% t$ t!e )ag o&er a(, allo' t!e +#!e# to #'m out

I+ %our #etu$ (clu,e# a )ologcal or u(,ergra&el +lterato( #%#tem %our +#!e# coul, ,e

#u,,e(l% )ecau#e %our ta(* #etu$ # too (e' Suc! ta(*# #!oul, )e #et-u$ 't! $la(t# +lter#

etc a(, le+t ru(((g +or a)out 5 'ee*# $ror to (tro,uc(g +#!e# T!# allo' +or t!e

(troge( ammo(a c%cle to #ettle ,o'( or to reac! a )ala(ce T!# 'll al#o allo' $la(t# tota*e root )e+ore t!e arr&al o+ +#!e# 0:-1

Q2.How do I make my fishes spawn and when they finally do, the eggs do not hatch. hy is this

so

A5 W!e( a $ar o+ +#! # rea,% to )ree, t!e% 'll u#uall% ,o #o 't!out a(% e2ter(al !el$ T!#

'll o+ cour#e re/ure a +emale r$e 't! egg# a(, a %ou(g mature male ,e$e(,(g o(

#$ece# Egg #catter# l*e gol,+#! tetra# )ar)# Ra#)ora# etc u#uall% !a&e more male# to

eac! +emale W!le mo#t ot!er egg la%er# l*e to ma*e t!er o'( c!oce# to $ar-u$ 0u#t l*e

!uma(#1 4ree,(g u#uall% ta*e# $lace ( t!e mor((g '!e( t!e 'ater tem$erature # cooler

a(, t!e ,#tracto(# +rom (o#e a(, $r%(g e%e# are le## To (,uce #$a'((g '!e( %ou

!a&e a r$e $ar o+ +#! c!a(ge 3-5 o+ 'ater t!e (g!t )e+ore %ou 'a(t t!em to la%

t!er egg# ou #!oul, a,,RID-ALL 4LACKWATERto *ee$ t!e $H at a com+orta)le @ !our# I+ %ou are #ure t!at t!e egg# are +ertl#e, a(,

t tur(# '!te a+ter a cou$le o+ ,a%# a(, e&e( #o o(l% #ome at a tme t!e( %ou ma% !a&e a

+u(gu# $ro)lem Egg +u(gu# attac* t!e egg# a(, ,e#tro%# t!em 9#e RID-ALL

8ETHLENE 4L9E 3'!c! # #$ecall% +ormulate, +or treatme(t o+ egg +u(gu#
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Tem$erature # a(ot!er *ller Su,,e( c!a(ge# ( tem$erature ca( ,e#tro% t!e egg# So *ee$

tem$erature co(#ta(t )% u#(g a !eater #et at a tem$erature o+ )et'ee( 5;J C to 7J C

C!ec* al#o t!at $H rema(# co(#ta(t a(, (o #u,,e( c!a(ge# C!lor(e attac* C!a(ge 'ater

o(l% '!e( (ece##ae% #o a# (ot to ,#tur) t!e $are(t# a# +ear ca( a(, 'll cau#e, t!em to eat

t!e egg# W!e( c!a(g(g 'ater o(l% 3 #!oul, )e c!a(ge, a(, a(%t!(g more t!a(

5 RID-ALL ANTI-CHLORINE#!oul, )e u#e, 9#age #!oul, )e mme,ate a# (e' 'ater

# (tro,uce, a(, (ot a+ter t!e ta(* # +ull Areato( I# t!e 'ater gett(g #u++ce(t areato(6I+ %our $ro)lem #tll $er##t $lea#e emal me 0:-1

Q". I want to set#up a fish tank, how $ig should the tank $e %his is my first tank.

A7

ou #!oul, #et-u$ 't! a ta(* a# large a# %our )u,get or a# muc! a# a# %our #$ace $ermt# A

goo, c!oce to #tart-u$ # a 7 gallo( ta(* 0a)out 7@ 2 3@ 2 3@ (c!e#1 alt!oug! a )gger ta(*

0>; 2 3; 2 3;1 'll allo' +or more +#!e# a(, )etter a/ua#ca$(g Small ta(*# are le##

+org&(g '!e( %ou ma*e m#ta*e# l*e o&er+ee,(g a# t!e &olume o+ 'ater ( /ue#to( #

le##er a(, t!ere+ore c!a(ge# ( $H ca( )e +a#ter a(, more let!al 4gger ta(*# !a&e greater

&olume o+ 'ater to com$e(#ate c!a(ge# ( tem$erature a(, $H c!a(ge# Dec,e o( t!e +#!

%ou (te(, to *ee$ )e+ore )u%(g %our ta(* A 7@" ta(* ca( accomo,ate a #mall Arro'a(a

0Drago( +#!1 +or a +e' mo(t!# a(, #oo( t 'll )e tme to u$gra,e 4etter to #tart o++ 't! a

>;" 2 5>" 2 5>" ta(* + %ou !a&e t!e )u,get Commu(t% ta(*# - m2ture o+ a##orte, +#!e# -

are ea#er to *ee$ a(, ma(ta( a(, allo'# +or $la(t# a(, a/ua#ca$(g - e la(,#ca$(g (

a( a/uarum ta(* I+ t!# # %our +r#t ta(* get a +#! ta(* t!at come# com$lete 't! lg!t(g

ou 'll (ee, a goo, rela)le ar $um$ a(, a $ro$er +lter(g #%#tem to ma(ta( %our ta(*

0:-1

Q&. hat filter should I use and what other e'uipment do I need

A>

ou 'll (ee, a goo, #tro(g ar $um$ a +lter(g #%#tem lg!t(g $la(t# gra&el #ome

,ecorato(# - l*e ,r+t 'oo, For a commu(t% ta(* u#e a( u(,ergra&el +lter A# t!e (ame

m$le# a +lter(g $late # $lace, u(,er t!e gra&el or #a(, A( u$l+t $$e t!a( +orce# ar u$

t!e tu)e '!c! (tur( +orce# 'ater t!roug! t!e gra&el#a(, (to t!e tu)e a(, # u$l+te, )%

t!e ar T!# c%cle co(t(ue# (,e+(atel% a# lo(g a# t!e ar $um$ # (ot tur(e, o++ 4actera

gro'# ( t!e gra&el#a(, '!c! act# a# t!e +lter(g me,um 0Plea#e #ee T$# o( F#!

Kee$(g - No 331 T!# #%#tem # *(o'( a# a )ologcal +lter(g #%#tem '!ere )actera # u#e,

to *ee$ t!e 'ater clea( T!# "goo," )actera co(&ert# ammo(a a(, (trte# (to (trate#

'!c! ca( t!e( )e a)#or)e, )% t!e $la(t# He(ce t # m$orta(t to !a&e l&e $la(t# ( t!#

#etu$ C!a(ge a)out 5 o+ 'ater at lea#t o(ce a mo(t! +rom t!e )ottom o+ t!e ta(*

I+ %ou ,o (ot 'a(t to u#e t!# #%#tem a(, ,ec,e# to !a&e a )are ta(* +or ea#% ma(te(a(ce

$a(t t!e )ottom a(, 7 #,e# o+ t!e gla## )lue or a(% ,ar* colour - )lac* 'oul, (ot )e m%

c!oce T!# 'll ma*e t!e +#! colour #ta(, out a(, t!e +#!e# 'll )e le## (er&ou# 9#e a(

(ter(al or e2ter(al $o'er +lter to +lter %our 'ater A,&a(tage#: ca( u#e mec!a(cal

c!emcal or )ologcal +lter(g me,um or a com)(ato( o+ 5 or e&e( all t!ree t%$e#

D#a,&a(tage: E2$e(#&e to )u% For larger ta(*# +orget a)out u#(g )o2 +lter# a# t!e% are

(ot e++ect&e a(%'a% 0:-1

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1 ) PROPER HOUSING

Human beings build or buy their homes deending on their !inan"ial "aabilities andrequirements# I! they are not hay $ith their neighbours they "an mo%e to another lo"ation o!their "hoi"e# Un!ortunately the aquarium !ishes li%e in $hate%er sa"e $e ro%ide them and $e"hoose the "omany they &ee# 'here!ore( be!ore you buy any aquarium you must !irst de"ide

the tyes o! !ish you li&e to ha%e# In this $ay you "an design a housing system "lose to theirnatural habitat# It is also easier to &ee the same se"ies o! !ish together in one aquarium# ou"an also &ee !ishes o! di!!erent se"ies ro%ided they are "omatible $ith one another( ha%esame nutritional requirements( and "an li%e in similar $ater "onditions in the same "ommunitytan 'ry not to &ee hard $ater and so!t $ater se"ies together or solely "arni%orous *meateater) and %egetarian se"ies together# Ho$e%er most aquarium !ishes are omni%orous( eating a"ombined diet and these se"ies "an li%e $ith "arni%orous and %egetarian se"ies# Some !ish*su"h as Os"ar !ish) "an gro$ u to + in"hes or more in si,e and it is un$ise to &ee them $ith'etra se"ies that hardly gro$ u to - in"hes#

.hether you li&e big or small !ishes( be reared to "hange to a bigger tan& $hen the !ishes you!irst &ee ha%e gro$n in si,e# Generally( an a%erage o! 1/ square unit o! sur!a"e area maya""ommodate one unit o! body length o! aquarium !ish *tail e0"luded)# ou "an "al"ulate the si,es

o! the tan& required !or the ma0imum quantity o! !ish you de"ided to &ee# or e0amle( i! youstart $ith / gold!ish 12 in si,e in a 13 gallon tan&( be reared to buy a 43 gallon tan& $hen theygro$ to 52 in si,e and so on# It is %ery "ruel to &ee the gro$n u !ish in the same 136gallon tan&although they may sur%i%e $ith roer aeration and !iltering system# 'hey must ha%e enoughsa"e to s$im !reely to be healthy and !ree !rom diseases#

7ee a good aquarium boo& as re!eren"e on the tyes o! !ish suitable !or a "ommunity tan

8a"& to Page 1

* - ) PU9PS AN: I;'ERING SS'E9S

'here are many tyes o! ums and !ilters a%ailable !or sale in the aquarium trade# ou must"hoose one that is most suitable !or your urose and not the most e0ensi%e # I! you are &eeing7oi or gold!ish( you $ill need a more elaborate system than i! you are only &eeing a !e$guies# .hate%er system you sele"t( you must bear in mind that your duty is to gi%e the "ati%e!ishes a system that is "losest to their natural habitat#

*i) PU9PS

Air ums( su"h as o$er ums( o%erhead ums( %ibrator ums and iston ums( are usedto um air *atmosheri" air) into the aquarium# 'hose ums that um $ater into theaquariums or onds are not normally used in home aquarium# or home aquarium use( the mostoular tyes are the o$er and %ibrator ums# Use the o$er um $ith high "aa"ity !ilter !orbigger aquarium and !or !ish that by nature rodu"es "onsiderable quantities o! $aste 66 gold

!ish and 7oi are tyi"al e0amle( ese"ially $hen they are o%er!ed#Use the double %ibrator ums $ith the most numbers o! "ontrollable outlets you "an !ind !oryour aquarium# 'he more outlets you ha%e the more !le0ibility you "an get !or dri%ing more

aerating stones and the di!!erent tyes o! ornamentals#

*ii) I;'ERING SS'E9S
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A small inside !ilter su"h as a "orner or bo0 bubble !ilter $ill ser%e the urose !or a smallaquarium o! about 136gallon# 'o imro%e !iltering e!!i"ien"y you may use more than one bo0 !ilteror a bigger6si,ed bo0 !ilter in the same aquarium# or the bigger aquarium 66 about 53 gallons andabo%e( use under gra%el !ilters *also &no$n as biologi"al !ilters) i! your main interest is &eeing allsorts o! small si,es troi"al !ishes# Use suitable gra%el !or your under gra%el !ilters and "hoosethe right tye o! lants# Use ebbles $ith "oarse sand !or most a"id and so!t $ater !ishes# :o notuse marble "his or "oral sand unless you are &eeing hard $ater and al&aline lo%ing !ishes ormarine !ish# I! you re!erred bigger !ishes *more than 5 in"hes) su"h as gold !ish( 7oi( Os"ar( or"i"hlids 6 it is more e"onomi"al to use se%eral bo0 !ilters in one tan& $ithout gra%el or lants#9ost bigger !ish uroot lants !or !un $hile some en


9/27

As hobbyists( $e grou them together and ro%ide them $ith the best "onditions !or their sur%i%al$ithin an aquarium#

ishes sele"ted !or a "ommunity tan& must be able to tolerate the same range o! $ater "onditionssu"h as $ater hardness( temerature and H le%el= other$ise some !ishes in the same aquariummay loo& si"& $hile others seem to be %ery healthy# Poor $ater "onditions lead to stress in

"ati%e !ish# Stress $ea&ens their immune systems( leading to in"reased sus"etibility todisease# Some o! the most "ommon stress roblems and their "auses in aquarium !ish are

High ammonia *sa!ety le%el B belo$ 3#3-mg# Clitre)( nitrites *should not e0"eed 13mgClitre#)(and too high nitrates *should not e0"eed /3 mgClitre) "ontent in $ater#

.ater !lu"tuating more than DC6 13o @ er day !or se%eral days# 'he temerature may bein"reased or de"reased by 13 @ er minute slo$ly#

H !lu"tuations should not be greater than DC6 3#5 units er day# 7ee H le%els as"onstant as ossible and i! ne"essary ad


10/27

A number o! %itamins and minerals liquid sulements ha%e re"ently aeared in the aquariummar&et# In their !orm their theraeuti" %alues are %ery doubt!ul# irstly( not all %itamins andminerals are $ater6soluble# I! they are insoluble in $ater( the !ish is unable to absorb the "ontentsthrough its gills 66 the $ay it absorbs o0ygen= by simle di!!usion#

.ater6soluble %itamins su"h as as"orbi" a"id( yrido0ine( thiamine( "holine( !oli" a"id( ribo!la%ine(

antotheni" a"id( 81-( ni"otini" a"id( biotin and $ater6di!!usible ions su"h as "arbonates(sulhates( sodium( "al"ium( hoshorus( otassium( iodine and others( allo$ the !ish absorbthem through their gills tissue or s&in# 8ut the main set ba"& is the high loss o! oten"y o! most$ater soluble %itamins in aquarium $ater 66 some as high as 3 $ithin -4 hours#

Oil soluble %itamins* A(E(:(7) and insoluble minerals *"oer( magnesium( iron( and most tra"eelements) $ill re"iitate $hen diluted in $ater e%en $hen the best !ormulated sol%ents are used#'hus you "an see that the best $ay to !eed your !ish $ith %itamins and minerals is to in"ororatethem into a reared diet and !eed the !ish regularly# 'he amount o! %itamins and mineralsrequired to %itali,es your !ish in liquid !orm is imra"ti"al and "ostly# Imagine ouring liquid%itamins and mineral into the o"ean or e%en in an oen "age in marine !ish !arming 66 and e0e"tgood results

Aquarium !ish should be !ed regularly and in moderation# eed at least t$i"e a day and ea"h time$ith as mu"h !ood as they "an "onsume in a !e$ minutes# In a "ommunity tan& ma&e sure thatthe bottom !eeders are not le!t $ithout !ood be"ause other !eeders might ha%e ta&en all the !oodbe!ore it sin&s to the bottom# I! you haen to &ee a se"ial tye o! !ish( ma&e sure you &no$

$hat tye o! !ood it re!ers other$ise it may star%e to death#:o not o%er!eed# 'he uneaten !ood $ill de"ay in the aquarium and "ause ollution and !ouling o!

the tan

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* / ) @AREU; O8SER>A'ION :AI; to "he"& OR SIGNS O :ISEASES

7ee a shar loo& out !or abnormal beha%ior among !ishes during the !irst !eed in the morning#

*1) ;oo& around the tan& or ond !or dead !ish# I! they are !ound "he"& !or "ause o! death

o @annibalism among !ishes 66 remo%e either the bigger bully= or the smallest and

slo$est mo%ing !ish *ossibly due to si"&ness)# Use RI:6A;; GENERA; AI: tore%ent !urther damages#

o Atta"&ed by birds or rodents 66 I! this really is the "ause the only $ay to remedythe situation is to "o%er the ond or tan& $ith strong nylon nets#

*-) :uring !eeding( the !ish all rush !or !ood# ;oo& out !oro 'hose staying a$ay by themsel%es at the bottom o! the tan& or ond J this is an

early sign o! I"h or !lu&es# Use RI:6A;; AN'I6I@H i! more 53 o! the !ish are inthis "ondition#

o 'hose not "oming u immediately to eat 66 K!loat K at angle in $ater but s$imslo$ly to !ood 66 ossibly gill or s&in !lu&es or li&ely to ha%e intestinal roblemsor "onstiation i! no %isible e0ternal in


11/27

o 'hose not ta&ing !ood 66 stay at side o! ond or aquarium or the sur!a"e o! $ater 66rub against side o! tan&s( ro"&s or lants 66 li&ely s&in !lu&es or I"h or otherarasite in!e"tions# Use RI:6A;; AN'I6I@H or @oer Aid#

*5) @he"& !or !ishes that are e0ternally o!!6"olour and di!!erent !rom the most healthyse"imens#

o I! !ish ha%e $hitish "oat $ith dar&ened s&in or are hyeraemi" 66 li&ely to be @ostiaor 'ri"hodina in!e"tions# Use RI:6A;; AN'I6I@H or RI:6A;; @OPPER AI: OR 8O'H

o I! !ish ha%e a red6%el%et "olour* some in rusty golden "olour) sreading on theirs&in 66 most li&ely Oodinium# USE RI:6A;; @OPPER AI:

o 9ost !ish are !lashing 66 sign o! Gill lu&es or I"h( but also all Uni"ellular and@omle0 Parasites in!e"tions# Use RI:6A;; AN'I6I@H alternate $ith @OPPER AI:#

o ish $ith bro&en !ins and tail 66 be$are o! tail and !in rots 66 an in!e"tious ba"terialdiseases# Use RI:6A;; AN'I6UNGUS I99E:IA'E;#

*4) I! you noti"ed that the !ishes are not as a"ti%e and li%ely as on other days( but they all seems

to be normal ingeneral aearan"e# 'hen something may be $rong $ith the quality o! aquarium $ater# @he"&

temerature(H( hardness( ammonia and nitrite "ontents# .hate%er the test results( it is al$ays better to"hange at least

-/ o! $ater in "ase some to0i" substan"es ha%e entered the aquarium !rom un&no$n origin

*inse"ti"idesray( "at?s and dog?s urine et"#)# USE RI:6A;; AN'I6@HORINE AN: GENERA; AI:

immediately a!ter

"hange o! $ater#

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* ) UN:ERS'AN:ING o! :ISEASES

'he diseases o! Aquarium !ish !rom marine( "old and troi"al $aters se"ies( are as "omli"atedas those !rom the human beings# >ery little resear"h has been done on the aquarium !ish diseasesby dedi"ated ornamental !ish "ulturists( %eterinary s"ientists or !ish6health ro!essionals e0"etby a !e$ !ish enthusiasts or hobbyists $ho haened to be do"tors !rom the medi"al ro!ession#

ortunately( during the last !e$ years( there has been an in"rease in "ountries li&e Nor$ay(Gree"e( @hile( @anada( U7( :enmar&( Austria( S$eden( inland( 7orea( USA and I"eland# 'heyha%e e0tensi%e in%estments in the aqua"ulture industries $ith emhasis on !ood !ish !arming in

"ontrolled $ater $ays and marine "ages and ens# :iseases in "aged !ish are more re%alentthan in the oen sea# 'here!ore( !or the !ood !ish !armers( la"& o! ositi%e "ontrol o%er health anddiet roblems !rom !ry to adult stages o! their !ish $ill result in delayed har%esting and thus lo$erro!its or e%en loss o! in"ome# 'he !ood !ish rearing ro


12/27

"ause ill health and most disease roblems#

'he !ollo$ing are the main "auses o! !ish diseases in aquarium !ish

Poor $ater quality( in"orre"t H le%el( $rong $ater temerature( unsuitable $aterhardness( and imurities in the $ater( and salinity *too mu"h salt in !resh $ater aquarium

or too little in marine aquarium)#

High ammonia( nitrate( nitrite le%els and unsanitary "onditions in the tan

'oo high in sto"&ing le%els and roblems in !ish "omatibility#

'oo mu"h or too little aeration( insu!!i"ient o0ygen in $ater or too mu"h "arbon dio0ide#Imroer diet and !eeding regime # ish are !ed $ith $rong tye o! diet or to !eeder aregi%en !ood that sin& to the bottom# O%er!eeding 6 too mu"h uneaten !ood "auses !ouling

and ollution o! aquarium#Re"ent introdu"tion o! ne$ !ish or lants may introdu"e ne$ arasites and diseases#Proer quarantine systems are required to introdu"e ne$ !ish or lants into the aquarium

$ithout introdu"ing ne$ roblems#'oo mu"h de"aying lants or !ood "auses ba"terial bloom( and hen"e lo$ o0ygen "ontent

in $ater#Organi" $aste and to0i" substan"es su"h as o%erdose or in"orre"t usage o! antibioti"s(nitro!urans( "oer sulhate( !ormaldehyde( arasiti" ides( disin!e"tants and e%en the

"ommon inse"ti"ide sray#Imroer maintenan"e or setting u o! aquarium or ond su"h as $rong tye o! $ater

!iltering systems and gra%el are used#Unne"essary transortation or rough handling o! !ish "auses stress and e0ternal in


13/27

As a bath 6 a lo$ "on"entration o! drugs is added to the $ater and the !ish are la"ed inthe solution !or 53 to 3 minutes

As a rolonged bath 6 the "on"entration o! drugs is e%en lo$er so that it is suitable !orrolonged immersion !or se%eral hours or e%en days#

As a !lush 6 a higher "on"entration o! drugs are added to the $ater $hi"h is then !lushedthrough $ith !resh in"oming $ater# 'his means the !ish $ill be in "onta"t $ith the drug !or

1/ to -3 minutes# In a di 6 a highly "on"entrated solution o! the drug is reared and !ish are netted into the

solution !or 53 to 3 se"onds and then rela"ed in their original tan 'he "on"entratedsolution in a di is also "ommonly used as a dire"t ali"ation !or in!e"tions due toe0ternal in


14/27

'he main ba"terial diseases in Aquarium !ishes are

URUN@U;OSIS 6 a %ery in!e"tious diseases "aused by Aeromonas Salmoni"ida# A!!e"ts mainlytrout( salmons and ul"er diseases o! 7oi and gold!ishes# 'here are rod6shaed short gram6negati%e ba"teria measuring about - mi"rons# 'he athogens are transmitted through in!e"ted!ish( s&in arasites# Poor $ater quality !oster a $ider sread o! the diseases#

:IAGNOSIS E0ternal signs are s$ollen abdomen( redness at the base o! !ins( in the mouth( in thegroo%es under the lo$er


15/27

!ae"al matter( oor $ater quality oorly maintained aquariums or onds and a"ute stress "anen"ourage the disease#

:IAGNOSIS@O;U9NARIS is rimarily an eithelial disease# It "auses erosi%e and ne"roti" s&in and gilllesions that may be"ome systemi"# It o!ten aears as $hitish laques *or thi"& mu"us) $ith red

erihery on the head( er"ula and !ins ese"ially around the "audal !in#

ragments o! the !in rays may remain a!ter the eithelium has sloughed lea%ing a ragged

aearan"e *!in rot)#;esions raidly rogress to ul"ers usually $ithin -4 hours( $hi"h may be yello$ or orange due tomasses o! igmented ba"teria# ;esions may also !orm bla"& at"hes on body( !in and ba"&*bla"& at"h ne"rosis)#

'he body( in se%ere "ases may be"ome bloated or s$ollen in some areas# Ul"eration sread byradial e0ansion may enetrate into deeer tissues rodu"ing a ba"teremia *haemorrhagi"seti"emia and ul"er) and $ith e0ternal !ungus gro$th *"otton $ool diseases)#

@olumnaris gill in!e"tion are less "ommon but $ith high mortality be"ause o! imaired gill!ilaments and tissues due to in!e"tions#

Pedun"le :iseases are "aused by se%eral se"ies o! @ytohoga sy"hrohilus !ormally &no$n asmy0oba"teria## I! the ba"teria in%aded the !ins "ausing ne"rosis o! tissue and "on!ine to the !insalone is "alled !in rot disease( but $hen the ne"rosis enters tissue at the base o! the "audal !in oredun"le it is "alled the edun"le diseases#

'he treatment regime !or the abo%e grou o! ba"teria diseases are the same#

'REA'9EN' AN: @ON'RO;

Antibioti"s su"h as O0ytetra"y"line hydro"hloride *133 mg er litre as rolonged bath daily !or 5days)( and Neomy"in sulhate *-/3mg# er 133 g !eed e%ery !our hour !or three days) or use/3mgClitre o! $ater as long bath !or at least three days)( are e!!e"ti%e treatment#

or rolonged immersion( use ni!uririnol 3#1mg# er litre and treat !or 4 or / days# Alternati%elynon6antibioti"s treatments are also as e!!e"ti%e#

:ilute RI:6A;; @OPPER AI: !rom / ml# to 1/ litres# :ied the a!!e"ted !ish in the !inal solution!or about / to 13 minutes( be!ore trans!erring them to another tan& !or a long bath $ith normaldose o! RI:6A;; AN'I UNGUS !or at least three days#

* 8 ) :ISEASES @AUSE: 8 UNGI INE@'IONS

EGG UNGUS AN: ISH UNGUS 6 ish and Egg ungus are "aused by %arious se"ies o!aquati" !ungi su"h as Sarolegnia and A"hlya# 'here are thousands o! !ungi in the aquati" $orldand most are sarohytes( !eeding on dead organi" matter# Some are arasites o! animals andlants and some are imortant sour"e o! antibioti"s su"h as Peni"illin# Poular tyes o! !ungiare the yeast and mushrooms# Another tye o! !ungal diseases a!!e"ting gill tissue( is &no$n as8ran"hiomy"osis# It atta"&s mainly guies#


16/27

:IAGNOSIS A @otton .ool6li&e gro$th or tu!ts on damaged s&ins and !ins o! !ishes# Generallythe !ish might ha%e already su!!ered !rom other !orms o! in!e"tions *i"h( ul"ers et"#) $hi"h "ausedthe mu"us layer to be"ome damaged#

ungus $ill then atta"& the damaged area !orming the $ell &no$n thin $hite threads &no$n as the!ungal mat or my"elium# ;arge amount o! !ungus and !ungal sores are al$ays abundant $here

there is lenty o! de"aying organi" matter# As a result( the moment there is a dead !ish egga%ailable( the sores $ill settle on the dead egg and the !ungi gro$ raidly to sread to the

ad


17/27

Nonen"ysting Proto,oan J Atta"hed to gills( !ins( in mus"le tissue and on s&ins *e#g#( 'ri"hodina(I"hthyobodo or @ostia ne"atri0) and "omlete their li!e "y"le on the host and are easily treated(usually $ith a single short 6 term drug ali"ation# Ho$e%er i! the in!e"tions are !ound in theinternal organs( the treatment "an be di!!i"ult and unredi"table#

En"ysting Proto,oan J 'he !eeding stage !eeds in a nodule !ormed in the s&in or gill eithelium

and $hen mature they brea& through the eithelium( !alls o!! the host and !orm an en"asulateddi%ing stage &no$n as tomont $hi"h se"retes a sti"&y "asule#'hese rerodu"ti%e "asules adhere to lants( nets( ornaments and any ob


18/27

mostly a!!e"ts "i"hlids su"h as Angel!ish( :is"us( Os"ars( large South Ameri"an @i"hlidsand e%en Gouramis#

Almost all &no$n in!ormation regarding this disease are based on oular aquariumliterature and there are no ublished s"ienti!i" reorts# Some aquarium e0erts belie%ethat the diseases are "aused by a mineral imbalan"e that results in s&eletal damage

leading to the itting lesions# Some "laim that the disease is due to the la"& o! %itamin @in normal diet#

Some se"ulate that hea%y "on"entration o! !lagellates in the intestine "an "ausemaladsortion( leading to the mineral imbalan"e#

Another hyothesis is that a He0amita6li&e !lagellate( $hi"h is resent as a latent intestinalin!e"tion( sreads by both e0tension and hematogenously to the gall bladder( eritoneal"a%ity( sleen( &idney( and asso"iated %as"ulature# In later stages( the hole6in6the6headlesions aear( !irst as in oint lesions that may dis"harge small( $hite short Kthreads2o! material "ontaining the arasites and loo&s li&e $hite $orm# 'he in oint lesionsbe"ome bigger as time goes on and may be as big as se%eral millimeters a"ross#Se"ondary in!e"tions su"h as ba"teria and !ungi may set in and the ultimate "ause o!

death may be se"ondary mi"robial in!e"tions#

-# @omle0 Parasites

'hese Grous O! Parasites atta"& the host either e0ternally or internally or both# 9ost areintrodu"ed into the aquarium !rom $ild or ond6raised !ish and mostly !rom li%e !ood su"h

as tubi!e0 $orms and li%e lants#.e only loo& into a !e$ that "ommonly a!!e"t the !resh$ater aquarium &eeers#

E'ERNA; PARASI'ES

;I@E * Argulus) J A sau"er shaed "rusta"ean $hi"h a!!e"ts mostly 7oi and gold !ish#Atta"& by inserting a re6oral sting *stylet) into the host and su"&ing body !luid or blood

$ith its su"&er mouth# ish dislay %iolent errati" s$imming and other abnormal beha%iorbe"ause o! the s&in damage "aused by the reeated ier"ing o! the s&in by the stylet$hi"h inarious si,ed *!rom barely %isible to about 13 mm) "oeods atta"hed to oral "a%ity( gillar"hes( or s&in= erosion or ul"eration= red area on s&in( may be raised u to / mm inheight#

;EE@HES J A arasiti" se"ies o! annelids ha%ing a "omlete digesti%e tra"t $ith amouth in the anterior su"&er and an anus in the osterior su"&ers# 'hey arehematohagous and su"& blood e%en during the night# Hosts usually su!!ered se%ere"hroni" anemia( small red or $hite lesions on s&in and some "an "ause large ul"ers on

s&in and in the mouth#

IN'ERNA; PARASI'ES

'APE.OR9S *@ES'O:ES) J Usually aear as $hite( elongated( tangled ie"e o!segmented ribbon6li&e string and may gro$ u to se%eral "entimetres long# In the "ase o!


19/27

hea%y in!estations the !ish may be"ome ema"iated $ith hea%y $orm burdens $ith somearasite rotruding !rom the %ent# 8y then the adult $orm may ha%e already in!ested theeritoneal "a%ity( li%er( or mus"le and the intestine( $hi"h may be"ome obstru"ted orer!orated#

ROUN:.OR9 *NE9A'O:E) J 'he adult !orms are normally !ound in the digesti%e tra"t

$here some "an "ause "hroni" $asting i! resent in high numbers# Hea%y in!estationema"iates the host( rodu"ing a shar ridge under the dorsal s&in# 'he adult $ormsLbodies are thin( unsegmented( round( sindle shaed or thread6li&e "ross6se"tion#

PIN.OR9S or 'REA:.OR9S *OURI:A) J 'hese $orms( e0erts "laimed a!!e"ts onlythe dis"us# 'hey !eed on the intestinal "ontents and damage the host by deri%ing

nourishment !rom them# 'he host be"omes timid( dar&ens and !inally $astes a$ay#

'REA'9EN' AN: @ON'RO;E'ERNA; PARA@I'ES

;u"&ily !or the !ish hobbyist( the treatment ro"edure !or most arasite in!e"tions in this

"lassi!i"ation is all the same

1# I! the arasites are %isible (!irst remo%e them "are!ully $ith a surgi"al !or"es# Pullout slo$ly but some may still ha%e their head embedded in the eithelium# :abthe a!!e"ted area $ith undiluted Rid6All Anti6ungus or lotion Potassiumermanganate 11333

-# Use Rid6All @oer Aid at normal dosage !or one day# Add Rid6All Anti6I"h on thene0t day# On the 5rd day disla"e -/ $ater and add @oer Aid and Anti I"htogether at normal dosage o! / ml to -/ litres !or both tyes# 7ee a good loo& outon the 4th day and /th day# I! there is sign o! imro%ement reeat the ro"edureon the th day# I! there is no imro%ement at all( "hange to one o! the !ollo$ing

treatments#5# 9ala"hite Green 3#M/ in !ormalin 43# Use - dros !or !i%e litres as bath !or 5days#

4# 9ost e!!e"ti%e treatment !or nonen"ysted nematodes J ;e%amisole Hydro"hlorideat the dose o! 13 mg er litre !or rolonged immersion#

/# 'he best treatment is to use a esti"ide or inse"ti"ide &no$n as :imilinmanu!a"tured by Union @arbide @omany also &no$n as :io!luoroben,uron#Usually one dose o! 1 gm in 1333 Gallons o! $ater is more than enough to &ill all;i"e and An"hor $orm in one single rolonged bath# Un!ortunately you may needa ermit to use it#

# Another oularly used Inse"ti"ide is an Organohoshorous &no$n as'ri"hlor!on or 9asoten or :itere0# Same dosage as :imilin but mu"h more to0i"to !ish and the ali"ator# .hen added to $ater 'ri"hlor!on degrades to the moreto0i" :i"hlor%os *::>P)# 8oth "an "ause neuroto0i" oisoning in humans# Soa%oid inhalation or absortion through the s&in# 'his item is a%ailable !rom!lo$ers and nurseries shos# 'he liquid !orm is %ery unstable and i! the sol%ent is$ater( the oten"y is less than one $ee I! the o$der loo&s $et( lumy ortranslu"ent it has degraded to the to0i" :i"hlor%os and should not be used#'here!ore i! you buy a liquid !orm o! 'ri"hlor!on ma&e sure you buy a reutablerodu"ts su"h as the Negu%on *an + 'ri"hlor!on in a se"ially reared solution)other$ise you are $asting your money and time# 'his item may also need ermitto use in some "ountries#


20/27

IN'ERNA; PARASI'ES 6

'he most e!!i"ient $ay to treat internal arasites is to !eed the !ish orally $ith the drugs#

'he !ollo$ing drugs are used in order o! my re!eren"e !or all &no$n internal arasites

Pra,iquantel at /3 mg# er &ilo o! body $eight er day# One dose is enough to"lear the body o! adult "estodes( monogeneans( and ossibly lar%al digeneans#

9ebenda,ole at 1 mg# er litre as long bath !or -4 hours

enbenda,ole at -/ mg# Per &ilo o! body $eight !or 5 days and reeat one $ee&later#

8a"& to Page 1

* + ) @ORRE@' USAGE O AFUARIU9 PHAR9A@EU'I@A;S

E!!e"ti%e treatment o! diseases !or all things on earth deends on a""urate diagnosis o! thediseases and the "orre"t usage o! the best drugs and "hemi"als a%ailable at that oint o! time#9ost drug !ailure in treating !ish diseases is due to imroer diagnosis# Sin"e !ish don?t tal& or"omlain( most diagnosis are based on e0ternal obser%ations and their beha%iours# >ery !e$hobbyists $ill send their !ish !or athologi"al tests be!ore gi%ing them any medi"al treatment#

In the aquarium trade there are many drugs and "hemi"als used in the treatment o! aquarium !ishdiseases# Un!ortunately most o! the s"ienti!i"ally ro%en treatments are based on $or& $ith !ood!ish# 'here is mu"h in!ormation that urorts the e!!i"a"y o! many drugs and "hemi"al!ormulations !or treating aquarium !ish diseases( but most la"& reliable s"ienti!i" data suortingtheir use# 9ost o! o%er6theJ"ounter rodu"ts are based on the so6"alled established !ormulationsby the !e$ aquarium !ish e0erts#

Some rodu"ts are oorly !ormulated $ith oor quality harma"euti"als# Instead o! heling theaquarium enthusiasts to treat their si"& !ish( they destroy the !ish# 'his $ill indire"tly dis"ouragethe !ish hobbyists *ese"ially the ne$ enthusiasts) !rom ursuing their ne$ interest# 'heaquarium trade may also lose a large number o! otential "ustomers#

9ost o! the de!e"ts in the !ormulation o! aquarium harma"euti"als by some o%er6the6 "ounteraquarium remedies manu!a"turers arise !rom the use o! substandard ra$ materials J maybeintentionally to redu"e "ost# or e0amle a &ilogram o! 9ethylene blue te"hni"al grade *used inthe tanning and aint manu!a"turing industries) "ost only SQ1#33 $hile one &ilogram o!9ethylene blue 8#P#@#*8ritish Pharma"euti"al @ode0) !or medi"inal uroses "ost aboutSQ133#33 Another "hemi"al is the ormalin# 'he "ommer"ial grade is "heaer by almost 53 as"omared to the harma"euti"al grade

I ha%e seen 9ethylene blue 'e"hni"al Grade a"&ed in 1 &g# lasti" "ontainers# 'he "ontent $aslainly labeled as 9ethylene 8lue $ithout stating the qualities or standards $ith an address o! aGerman @hemi"al @omany as manu!a"turer# It $as being sold at a %alue meant !or medi"inaluroses#

I! the use o! aquarium harma"euti"al( or o%er6the6"ounter remedies is required( be sure tour"hase them !rom reliable sour"es# Al$ays insist on U#S#P# or 8#P# or 8#P#@# or their >eterinarygrades and qualities# State "learly the tye you required 6 $ater soluble or insoluble# :onLt $aste

money on the $rong grade o! drug#
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Un!ortunately( some aquarium shos $ill re"ommend items $hi"h $ill bring in the most ro!its !orthem# 'he best quality rodu"ts are not re"ommended be"ause they usually ha%e a mu"h lo$erro!it margin#

'he !ollo$ing drugs and "hemi"als are "ommonly used in the aquarium !ish "ulture# or generalin!ormation( their dosage( qualities and standards are gi%en as a guide# :osages as !ar as

ossible are gi%en $ithin a range( sin"e a""urate dosage deends on $ater and en%ironmental"onditions#

or in6$ater treatment( $ater quality "an greatly a!!e"t e!!i"a"y and i"hthyoto0i"ity# Relatedathogens "an also %ary in sus"etibility#

I! you are not sure o! the dosage( al$ays start $ith the lo$er dosage# I! the disease does notresond adequately( reeat the treatment $ith a higher dose# Al$ays loo& out !or ad%erserea"tions# or oral medi"ation( dosage %aries $ith !eed inta&e# 9a&e a higher "on"entration o!drug in the !eed i! the !ish eats less# I! the !ish is unable to eat use a soluble drug !or in6$atertreatment#

A@RI;A>INE 8#P#@# J Also &no$n as 'PA;A>IN( NEU'RO;A>INE( GONO@RINE( OR

PAN;A>INE# A grou o! quinoline antimi"robial dyes stru"turally related to a"ridine#Hydro"hloride salts are normally used be"ause it is more stable in aqueous !orm# 8a"teriostati"against many Gram6ositi%e ba"teria but less e!!e"ti%e against Gram6negati%e ba"teria# Note!!e"ti%e against sores# Use !or early stages o! !ungal( ba"terial in!e"tions and in!estations o!the diseases# >ery e!!e"ti%e !or e0ternal $ounds and "uts# Use 3#31 as re%enti%e and 3#35 !ortreatment#

9A;A@HI'E GREEN is a diarymethane dye( $hi"h is the most e!!e"ti%e agent !or treating $atermold in!e"tions o! !ish and eggs# Also e!!e"ti%e against roto,oan e"toarasites# 'o0i" to some!ishes su"h as !ries or baby !ish( tetras( "at!ish( and loa"hes# 8e "are!ul and $at"h out !orad%erse rea"tions $hen treating !ish $ithout s"ales# 'here are many grades o! 9ala"hite green inthe mar&et# 9a&e sure you use only the in" ree o0alate grade# Use 3#1 mg er litre !orrolonged immersion and 133 mg er litre as s$ab to s&in lesions#

9E'H;ENE 8;UE J An e!!e"ti%e agent !or treating and re%enting ba"terial and !ungal in!e"tionso! !resh$ater !ish eggs and !or treating e"toarasites o! !resh $ater !ish# Use - mg# er litre o!$ater and reeat on alternate days !or u to 5 times# Use the harma"euti"al or 8#P#@# grade#

9E'RONI:AO;E *lagyl) J An e!!e"ti%e treatment !or he0amitosis( sironuleosis and someba"terial in!e"tions sin"e the 1M3Ls# I normally use the in


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'hese $ide range o! harma"euti"als are mainly used !or the treatment o! ba"teria diseases o!aquarium !ish# 'his grou o! drugs( also &no$n as antiba"terial agents( is highly abused in theiruses( both theraeuti"ally and rohyla"ti"ally( by the aquarium industries# All antibioti"s $henused theraeuti"ally must be !or at least 5 days e%en i! the diseases seem to ha%e disaeared or"ured# 'he rohyla"ti" use o! antibioti"s should be dis"ouraged as it is the main "ause o! a highre%alen"e o! multile antibioti"6resistant ba"teria in aquarium !ish# It is not $ise to start your!ish on antibioti" theray $ithout &no$ing the "ausati%e agent *i#e# the tye o! ba"teria )#Ho$e%er( be"ause it is di!!i"ult to in oint the "auses o! most ba"terial diseases in aquarium !ish$ithout elaborate laboratory tests( most aquarists $ill


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o! $ater e%ery 5 days !or days# @ross6sensiti%ity $ith other aminogly"oside may o""ur#

NI'ROURANS

URA;'A:ONE ( URAO;I:ONE( NI'ROURAONE( AN: NIURPIRINO; J All these "hemi"als

belong to the NI'ROURAN grous#

'hese Nitro!urans are an e!!e"ti%e grou o! syntheti" antimi"robials# Some are stable in both!resh and salt $ater and are raidly absorbed by !ish# 'hey are e!!e"ti%e against many o! the"ommon athogens that a!!e"t !ish# A single bath treatment is o!ten e!!e"ti%e against sus"etibleorganisms# Suitable !or use as !eed and as rolonged bath#

Un!ortunately( Nitro!urans are "ar"inogeni"( genoto0i"( and mutageni" and are stri"tly illegal !oruse in many "ountries( in"luding United States and aan# 8ut the aanese are e0orting therodu"ts a"&ed in beauti!ul / gram sil%er6!oiled a"&ings to other Asian @ounties li&e Singaore('hailand and 9alaysia# 'he most un!ortunate thing is that some aquarium shos introdu"e theserodu"ts as a "ure J !or all !ish roblems $ith total disregard !or the sa!ety o! the eole usingthem#

FUINO;ONES

OO;INI@ A@I: J A oular quinolone( a "lass o! syntheti" antimi"robials that are e!!e"ti%eagainst many gram6negati%e ba"terial athogens o! !ish# 'hey are $ell absorbed orally and "anbe ba"teriostati" or ba"teri"idal# Oral !ormulations 13 mg# er &ilo o! body $eight !or 13 days#or rolonged immersion use 1 mg# er litre !or -4 hours#

;U9EFUINE J stru"turally related to O0olini" A"id and Nalidi0i" a"id and are used !or the sameuroses# :osage As !eed( use 13 mg# to 1 &ilo o! body $eight !or 13 days# or immersion use /to 13 mg# er litre# 9aintain H bet$een #/ to M#/# Use higher dosage !or marine $ater#

NA;I:II@ A@I: J another quinolones J more suitable to use as a bath at the dosage o! 13 to 1/mg# er litre !or 1 to 4 hours#

SARA;OA@IN J "laimed to be the latest addition to the !luoroquinolone !amily# Has broad6se"trum oten"y against many !ish athogens and are being in%estigated by se%eral "ommer"ial!ish hat"heries#

SU;ONA9I:ES

SU;A9E'HOAO; J 'RI9E'HROPI9 *8a"trium) J 'he most oular Sulha drug used in theaquarium trade# Used mainly as !eed at the rate o! 13 mg# er &ilo o! body $eight !or 13 days#9ost drugs in this "lass are to0i" to !ish $hile some are %irtually useless be"ause o! $idesread

resistan"e#

NI'RIING 8A@'ERIA

'hese are series o! non6athogeni"( dorman or sorulated *not !ree,e dried) ba"teria se"iallydesigned to o%er"ome a %ariety o! aquaria $aste roblems# A se"ially designed synergisti""ombination o! ba"teria su"h as 8a"illus Subtilis( 8# ;i"heni!ormis( 8# Polymy0a( PseudomonasAeruginosa( P# Putida( P# luores"ens( and Es"heri"hia Hermannii are used to degrade organi"matter# 'he other t$o se"ies o! oular nitri!ying ba"teria *Nitrosomonas( Nitroba"ter) are used


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!or ammonia remo%al# 'hey are e!!e"ti%e only i! used "orre"tly# 'heir shel!6li!e is about monthsi! roerly stored#

8a"& to Page 1

@ON@;USIONS

'he abo%e !ormulations and aquarium harma"euti"als are short listed !rom a ool o! thousandso! items a%ailable to the hobbyist( ro!essional aqua"ulturists and e%en more !or the :o"tors $ho

are also !ish hobbyists#

9ost medi"ations are a%ailable o%er6theJ"ounter in aquarium stores and aqua"ulture suly!irms( in"luding antibioti"s that are usually only a%ailable by res"rition !or ethi"al %eterinaryuse# Al$ays loo& !or e0iry date be!ore ur"hase#

'he a%ailability o! these rodu"ts %aries !rom "ountry to "ountry# In Singaore( most drugs(

$hether !or humans or !or %eterinary uroses( are "ontrolled by the Poisons A"ts#

Please remember that there are no short6"uts to good !ish6&eeing by using drugs andharma"euti"als# It is %ery na%e to thin& that using the latest and most e0ensi%e antibioti"s ordrugs $ill &ee your !ish healthy and hay# 'he same goes !or algae in the aquarium# I! youdon?t "ontrol the sour"e o! the roblem *amount o! light entering the aquarium) but re!er to usealgae"ide instead( then( you must sour"e !or the unobtainable tye o! algae"ide that is non6to0i"

to !ish !or long6term immersions#

@AU'ION

'he abo%e arti"les are mainly base on my ersonal e0erien"es gathered !rom my 5/ years o!$or&ing $ith the aquarium !ish( they are e0"lusi%ely !or the readersL in!ormation only# All thetreatment methods( ro"edures and dosages are !requently used !or treating !ish in my o$naquariums# 9ost dosages and treatments used are based on ra"ti"al e0erien"e and !romin!ormation gathered !rom medi"al


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ish aquarium in House 6 8ene!its

2ish aquarium in house is the best remedy to derive financial benefits

According to 3astu, fish aquarium also drives away all the evil effects from your house andenhan"es

good lu"& An aquarium should consist of !ishes. The dragon fish or the gold fishes are the most effective

according to vastu for fish aquarium. The aquarium should have 4 dragon fishes or gold fishes and should be

black.

/ven if the fish dies, you need not worry because the bad elements are going out of your house. Replace

it with another fish.

2ish aquarium in house is the best way to attract theenergy o! $ealth

5ooking at an aquarium is also the best way to rela+ your mind

No Aquarium in 8edroom and 7it"hen

An aquarium should not be kept anywhere in the house e+cept in the drawing room and the best direction is /ast or

orth. This brings unwanted negative energies to these two areas. It gives you disturbance and an unsettled mind if

you place it in bedroom. hereas keeping it in kitchen can cause you food poisoning or indigestion of food. 0o it6s

better to avoid keeping aquarium in bedroom or kitchen.

:ire"tional Prin"iles !or ish Aquariumthe fish aquariums should be placed in the following directions

7lace your aquarium in the 0outheast corner of the living room

The second best direction to place your aquarium in the north direction

Adequate ish 'an&s !or your House

The si-es of aquarium can differ according to your needs and to the si-e of your room. The bigger the aquarium, the

better it is for the fish within it. hen the water volume is larger, it dilutes the dirt better.

The aquarium is available both in glass and a"ryli".

Acrylic is more stylish and less in"lined to brea&. It is priced higher than the normal glass fish tanks.

Their price range starts from Rs.8((. "ut it gets scratched easily. Though it can be repaired, it has to be

maintained regularly. They come in different molded shapes.

The 9lass Aquariums are very economical compared to acrylic. A medium si-e aquarium starts from

Rs.:((. It doesn6t get scratches so easily. "ut when you move it from one place to another, there are high risks

of the fish tank getting broken.

#ou can buy different kinds of fish tanks from any localaquarium and aquarium supplies.

;eep the aquarium fresh and decorate it beautiful. This will generate positive energy and thoughts< #our aquarium

will work effectively as a potent wealth cure if the water is clean and o+ygenated. 2ishes should be vibrant and

healthy= the plants in vibrant green and the lighting can also be additional elements of beauty in your aquarium.

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Fish aquarium is a good remedial measure for any Vastu defect. In a house, every object and directionhas Vastu signicance. Placing them or constructing them according to the Vastu principles will maeyour life a serene one.Vastu !hastra, the ancient Vedic !cience is a practical and result orientedconcept, which is practiced to have a prosperous and harmonious life. It is believed that many of theproblems in an individual"s life are due to the lac of proper Vastu. Various Vastu defects can beresolved e#ectively with faster results by following the basic tenets of this architectural science. $shaquarium has the potential of having many positive benets. %owever, you must properly place

and care for the aquarium in order to attract the positive &ow of energy. 'ith the correct placement,set up and care, the aquarium is a perfect combination of harmony and balance. (he water symboli)esthe &ow of life, of growth and the activities of living things. (he motion and sounds of the bubblingwater as it moves throughout the sh tan activates and increases the positive energy of the areabringing good fortune, wealth and abundance. $ conrmed method for soothing stress is to stareserenely into an aquarium. (he calming sound and the peaceful motion of its inhabitants have provento lower blood pressure and calm nerves. !tudies have conrmed that watching aquarium sh sootheschildren that su#er from hyperactivity besides many other health benets. $ccording to Vastuscholars, having a shaquarium in a dwelling is considered a good remedial measure for any Vastudefect. *ot just a home but also for an o+ce, shop, school, factory and other residing places can havean aquarium to eliminate the defective Vastu problems.

The adva ntag es of hav ing an Aquarium for defective Vastu:

$ sh aquarium tends to free your home from all the evils and maintains a serene, fortuityatmosphere. It is also believed that each time a sh dies naturally, so does your problem at home or o+ce. (his is one of the best ways to attract the energy of wealth at home or o+ce. In addition, an aquarium tends to rela- your mind and create a calm atmosphere. Fishes are also associated to %indu mythology, as one of ord Vishnu"s reincarnation /0avatar"1 was ash in the sea. ord Vishnu was born on 2arth in nine 0avatars" and his rst 0avatar" was that of a sh/03atsya $vatar"1. It is believed that the shes have a high degree to consume negative energy/because of ord Vishnu"s avatar1 and give a calming e#ect. 4ne of the principles of humanity is that every human being is subjected to feed and protectanimals. (o sustain this principle, shes are one of the best creatures to be nurtured5ept and taencare of. If you are witnessing problems in your home or o+ce and predict that this is the result of a defectiveVastu, placing a sh aquarium is the best option. 6oing this will also resolve your nancial crisis. Vastu specialists believe that feeding a sh can add up to your good deeds as a result you will befree from evils at your home. $ttractive ornamental shes, which are colorful, tend to attract everybody"s attention. (hese shesare quite active almost the entire day and motivate the observer. In addition, if you observe theseshes for a while, you tend be energetic and will be free from all the worries. 4ne of the major advantages of having an aquarium is to deviate the jin- of a visitor from the entirehome to the aquarium. (he bad energies, which are created all over the house, can be transformed byglancing at the colorful attractive shes. (his in turn produces positive energy. $s per Vastu !hastra, a sh tan stores a lot of water and can balance the weight in an accurate way. In order to balance the weight, a sh tan can be ept in a veranda or a hall in the !outh7'est cornerafter consulting a Vastu specialist. It should be placed in a prominent place where every visitor can seeit. $ccording to the 8hinese Feng !hui method, the rapid movement of the shes in a tan increasesthe active energy in a home which is nown as 98hi:. (his also results in the increase in good healthand wealth.

(his Vastu principle of having a sh aquarium at your place is applicable for all the religions. 4ne of the important factors of this principle is that the aquarium has to be placed in a perfect placeafter consulting a Vastu specialist. If the shes die regularly, you should immediately change theposition.

How to organize the sh aquarium according to Vastu:

(o imply this idea, you can prefer either a pond, sh bowl or an aquarium in the desired place. 8ultivation of live ornamental shes is advised. (he dragon sh and the gold shes are generallypreferred.


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(he number of shes in an aquarium should be nine in which, eight can be either dragon sh or goldsh and one could be a blac sh. ;ou need not fret if a sh dies, immediately replace the sh with another one, as it is believed thatyour problems tend to reduce with the death of every sh. It is strictly advised that the sh feed should be planned and fed by only one person. (he tan orthe bowl should be cleaned regularly. *ecessary requisites lie lters, aeration and water circulationare required in order to maintain the tan.

2-cept for your living5drawing room, an aquarium cannot be placed in any other room. It can beplaced in *orth or 2ast directions. Placing an aquarium in other rooms brings negative energies anddisturbs the peace of mind. Placing an aquarium in the itchen or bedroom can cause food and sleeprelated problems. 4pting for a large sh tan is advisable as it can dilute the dirt easily. Fish tans are available in glassand acrylic. (o mae it more attractive you can add colorful lights and other accessories to it. It is assumed thatthis article would help you to get rid of your ailments by placing an attractive aquarium at your homeor o+ce and see the results by yourself. sthash.?om6P@4(.dpuf

Home Is A Pla"e .here ou .ould ;i&e 'o 8e Hay And Send Fuality'ime .ith our amily# ou @an eel Positi%e >ibes Pass 'hrough ou.hen ou Are Hay .ith our amily 9embers# 8ut 'here Are 'imes.hen ou eel Nothing Is Going our .ay And ;a"& O! Positi%e EnergyAround ou# One O! 'he 8est .ays 'o Get Rid O! 'his Problem Is 'o Ha%eA ish AquariumIn our House Also( It Is One O! 'he 8est :esign Ideasrom An Interior :esignerLs Point O! >ie$#

ish Aquarium In House 6 8ene!its

Tish AquariumIn House Is 'he 8est Remedy 'o :eri%e inan"ial 8ene!itsTA""ording 'o >astu( ish Aquarium Also :ri%es A$ay All 'he E%il E!!e"tsrom our House And Enhan"es Good ;u"&TAn Aquarium Should @onsist O! ishes# 'he :ragon ish Or 'he Goldishes Are 'he 9ost E!!e"ti%e A""ording 'o >astu or ish Aquarium# 'heAquarium Should Ha%e + :ragon ishes Or Gold ishesAnd 1 Should 8e8la"TE%en I! 'he ish :ies( ou Need Not .orry 8e"ause 'he 8ad Elements AreGoing Out O! our House# Rela"e It .ith Another ish#Tish AquariumIn House Is 'he 8est .ay 'o Attra"t 'he Energy O! .ealthT;oo&ing At An Aquarium Is Also 'he 8est .ay 'o Rela0 our 9ind#An Aquarium Should Not 8e 7et Any$here In 'he House E0"et In 'he:ra$ing Room And 'he 8est :ire"tion Is East Or North# 'his 8ringsUn$anted Negati%e Energies 'o 'hese '$o Areas# It Gi%es ou :isturban"eAnd An Unsettled 9ind I! ou Pla"e It In 8edroom# .hereas 7eeing It In7it"hen @an @ause ou ood Poisoning Or Indigestion O! ood# So ItLs8etter 'o A%oid 7eeing Aquarium In 8edroom Or 7it"hen#
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The Real Key to Success is Found in Three Basic Rules

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