The R&D programme on Normal Conducting Linacs (NCLinac)

The R&D programme onNormal Conducting Linacs (NCLinac)

Erk JENSEN/CERNGrahame Blair/RHUL

CARE 08EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting

5-Dec-2008

2EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac

Reminder: History from CARE07

EU 9.10.07 EU 15.10.07 EU proposal EU GA

Normal conducting High-Gradient research 1’392 k€ 916 k€ 828 k€ 732 k€

Linac & FF stabilisation (sub-nm quad. stabilisation) 1’034 k€ 804 k€ 633 k€ 557 k€

BDS (including crab cavity, laser wire) 1’629 k€+ 480 k€

578 k€+ 480 k€

376 k€ + 437 k€

332 k€ + 364 k€

Drive beam phase (phase monitors) 355 k€ 355 k€ 322 k€ 284 k€

Drive beam alignment 312 k€

Beam dumps (shock waves, power deposition) 202 k€ 202 k€

DR Vacuum (Coatings, NEG, e-cloud suppression) 514 k€ 514 k€ 366 k€

DR SC wigglers (prototypes & experiments) 912 k€ 568 k€ 390 k€

ITB (Instrumentation test beam & experiments) 717 k€

FFAG (EMMA) 524 k€ 524 k€ 380 k€ 332 k€ (ANAC)

Positron source (Undulator, Target, Laser) 1’528 k€ 533 k€ 180 k€ 159 k€ (HFM)

Others (Laser plasma, RF power, collimator wake) 603 k€ 240 k€ 210 k€ (ANAC)

Total EU request: 9’722 k€+ 480 k€

4’993 k€+480 k€

2’525 k€+ 1’190 k€

1’905 k€ + 702 k€

5-Dec-08

A drastic reduction from initial plans necessitated some difficult and painful choices!


NCLinac overviewObjectives:

NCLinac concentrates on the identified issues in R&D to prepare for the future HEP Particle colliders that can reach beyond the LHC… . The issues to be addressed are primarily i) how to reach a high accelerating gradient reliably and ii) how to stabilize the beams and the machine to allow collisions of nm-sized beams without loss of luminosity. For the first, NCLinac limits its scope to normal conducting accelerator structures, complementary to work on superconducting accelerator structures foreseen in the work package SRF. For the latter issue, synergy is actively sought and implemented between the superconducting (SC) and normal conducting (NC) linear collider approaches, where we have observed in the past that the communities of researchers had formed two separate camps. Searching their similarities rather than their differences, one goal of NCLinac is to bring these communities together again wherever possible.

Tasks: 9.1 Coordination and Communication 9.2 Normal Conducting High Gradient Cavities 9.3 Linac and FF Stabilisation 9.4 Beam Delivery System 9.5 Drive Beam Phase Control

Duration: 4/2009 – 3/2013 (4 years)5-Dec-08


NCLinac budget: by tasks

9.1: NCLinac Coordination &

Communication; 258530; 4%

9.2: NC High Gradient Cavi-ties; 2453256;

37%

9.3: Linac & FF Stabiliza-tion; 1794480; 27%

9.4: BDS; 1099452; 17%

9.5: Drive Beam Phase; 945110; 14%

Total NCLinac: 6,550,828 €

5-Dec-08


NCLinac budget: by beneficiearies

CERN

CIEMAT

CNRS

INFN

PSI

RHUL

STFC

UH

UNIMAN

UOXF-DL

UU

Total NCLinac: 6,550,828 €

5-Dec-08


NCLinac effort (FTE-months/main players):

5-Dec-08

Coordination

High Gradient

Stabilisation BDS Phase control

CERN 15/Jensen 1/Wünsch 57/Zickler, Hauviller,Mainaud-Durand

16/Sladen

CIEMAT 32/Toral

CNRS/LAPP 50/Jeremie

INFN/LNF 30/Marcellini

PSI 15/Dehler

RHUL 2/Blair 51/Blair

STFC/ASTEC 16/Angal-Kalinin

UH 112/Österberg, Nordlund,Djurabekova

UNIMAN 52/Jones 23/Appleby

UOXF-DL 53/Burrows, Urner

UU 68/Ziemann, Ruber

If you’re surprised to see you name here, or that you don’t see your name here: please contact me!


NCLinac, task 9.2: “Normal-Conducting High-Gradient Cavities”

Building on the success of CTF3 and complementing it,the goal of this task is to optimize CTF3 and its use towards– cost- and performance optimized accelerating structures and – their integration in CLIC modules. This also requires– better modelling of breakdown and– better suppression of HOM’s,– experimental verification

Partners: CIEMAT, Uni Manchester (CI), HIP/University Helsinki, University Uppsala, CERN (coord.)

Estimated total: 2.45 M€, 22 FTEy This task is complementary to the “module

implementation” which is financed 100% by CERN and not part of this proposal.

Also note that the CLIC main beam accelerator structures are not explicitly part of this program.

5-Dec-08


CLIC module – integration

5-Dec-08

Tank Version Sealed Version

MB: AS (disks) sealedDB: PETS with “mini-tank”DB Quads: updated 3D model

MB: AS (quadrants) in vac. tankDB: PETS in vac. tankQuads: simplified 3D model

A. Samoshkin

9

Test module MBDB

Test module, as much as possible close to the final CLIC module

Test module activities- Related activities in projects EuCARD, tasks 9.2 and 9.3- Activities defined with other collaborations

Phase 4

Phase 3

G. RiddoneEuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac

10Kick-of meeting CW50 (proposal)

EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac

G. Riddone

The Integration of “NCLinac” into general CTF3 R&D program


NC High Gradient – subtasks (1/5): 9.2.1: “PETS”:

– Design, manufacture a Power Extraction and Transfers Structure (PETS) for the test module

– Install and evaluate PETS in CTF3

at present:

5-Dec-08

E. Adli

Special PETS, used with re-circulation (no HOM damping features)

14.11.2008

I. Syratchev

PETS tank installed in CLEX15.10.08

New “Test module” PETS:

PETS 3D (fitting on the ST module schematic background)

PETS inside of “mini-tank”

Coupler

7

EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac12A. Samoshkin


NC High Gradient – subtasks (2/5): 9.2.2: “HOMs and alignment”:

Explore the influence of alignment errors on wake fields, elaborate and demonstrate appropriate High Order Mode (HOM) damping in the presence of alignment errors.

Types of alignment errors:

5-Dec-08

R. Zennaro


NC High Gradient – subtasks (3/5): 9.2.3: “Breakdown simulation”:

5-Dec-08

Combination of Electrodynamics and Molecular dynamics Key activities during the last 10 years:

examining surface damage formation by irradiation.

For heavy ion bombardment and dense metals, a single incoming ion may lead to really dramatic surface effects:

Planned for EuCARD: Develop and use atomistic simulations of atom migration enhanced by the electric field or by bombarding particles, understand what kind of roughening mechanisms lead to the onset of RF breakdown in high gradient accelerating structures.

K. Nordlund & F. Djurabekova, Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physical Sciences

15

Surface damage: cratering

The typical end result is a crater The craters we get in simulations can be directly

compared to experiments by predicting the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of it

MD simulation result Predicted TEM image

[Donnelly, Physical Review B 85 (1997) 4968]

Experimental TEM image


K. Nordlund & F. Djurabekova


NC High Gradient – subtasks (4/5):

9.2.4: “Diagnose breakdown event signatures”:– Design and build equipment to diagnose the electrons, ions and light

emanating from breakdown events.– Install in CTF3 Two-Beam Test-Stand around the test module– Install inside a Scanning Electron Microscope in UU– analyze the surface science relevant to RF-breakdown

5-Dec-08

17

Upgrade TBTS

Construction supported by theSwedish Research Council and theKnut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

CTF3 drive-beam

Experimental area

Spectrometers and beam dumps CALIFES probe-

beam

New diagnosticsfor RF-breakdown(Flash-box)

EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinacV. Ziemann

18

In Electron Microscope

DC-breakdown in SEM (scanning electron microscope)

500 V/μm = 500 MV/m High-voltage (<kV) on

manipulator inside FEI DB 235 focussed ion beam SEM

Observe the same spot before and after breakdown

Fowler-Nordheim (I-V) plots In-situ diagnostics using

SEM and TEMCourtesy: E. Coronel, UU

EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinacV. Ziemann


NC High Gradient – subtasks (5/5):

9.2.5: “Precise assembly”:Develop a strategy of assembly for the CLIC accelerating and

power extraction structures satisfying the few to 10 micrometer precision requirement of positioning both radial and longitudinal taking into account dynamical effects present during accelerator operation.

–tight links to subtask 1 (PETS) and subtask 3 (HOMs and alignment).

5-Dec-08


NCLinac, task 9.3: Linac & FF stabilisation

Strong synergy between ILC and CLIC! Main goals:

– stabilize elements (linac & FF quads, …) to sub-nm level to guarantee luminosity, to this end:

– improve low emittance transport simulation, – build and test (ATF2 & CTF3) interferometric monitoring system– develop & implement feedbacks: ILC: intrapulse, CLIC: pulse-to-pulse– Consider “Linear Collider environment”: some elements will be inside the

detector, consider accelerator typical noise (magnetic field, coolant flow, radiation …), assure compatibility with other installations.

Partners: IN2P3/LAPP, CERN, U Oxford (JAI) Estimated total: 1.79 M€, 13.3 FTEy Task results also relevant for X-FEL!

5-Dec-08


Linac & FF stabilisation – subtasks (1/2):

9.3.1: “CLIC quadrupole module” – Design and build main linac (ML)

quadrupole (mock-up)– Evaluate inertial sensors– Integrate with ML support– study vibration isolation– implement test bench– install and cross-check interferometric

measurement system (9.3.2)– use test bench with MLQ to validate the

stabilisation method and equipment– assure compatibility with other subsystems

(alignment, vacuum, cooling, …)

5-Dec-08

MLQAperture radius: 4.00 mmIntegrated gradient: 70 (170, 270, 370 ) Tm/mNominal gradient: 200 T/mIron length: 346 (846, 1346, 1846) mmMagnetic length: 350 (850, 1350, 1850) mmTotal length: 420 (920, 1420, 1920) mmMagnet width: < 200 mmMagnet height: < 200 mmMagnet weight: ~ 75 (110, 135, 270) kgIndirect water cooling through yoke

– target: < 1 nm @ > 1 Hz:

T. Zickler

22

Baseline: Four different types of Main Beam Quadrupoles:Length:

-420 mm -920 mm-1420 mm-1920 mm

Weight:

~200 to 500kg

Current layout: MB Quad is supported to the ground

~1 nm •Final alignment/Stabilization (Beam Based) Interval: hours & <

~1 mm •Active pre-alignment (Beam Based) Interval: hours

~10 mm•Active pre-alignment (Movers) Dof.: 5; Interval: weeks

~0.1 mm•Mechanical pre-alignment (Movers) Dof.: 6; Interval: year

Alignment & Stabilization Concept:

F. LacknerEuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac


Linac & FF stabilisation – subtasks (2/2):

9.3.2: “Final Focus test stand”– to explore FF quad stabilisation potential– design, simulate and construct FF doublet support– adapt feedback software to FF doublet– optimize to reduce cost– design, construct and implement an

interferometric measurement system– optimize its resolution– compare to and correlate with inertial sensors– complete ILC prototype intra-train & pulse to pulse

feed-back/feed-forward system– perform low-emittance beam transport simulations to

predict stability impact on overall luminosity performance (ILC and CLIC)

5-Dec-08

– target: < 0.1 nm @ > some Hz:

FSI: Frequency Scanning Interferometry

Phase = 2π (Optical Path Distance) / Wavelength

Φ = 2π D / λ = 2π D (ν / c)

D = (c/ 2π) (ΔΦ/Δnu)

R = (c/ 2π) (Δθ/Δnu)D = R (ΔΦ/Δθ)

Frequency Scanning Interferometry

frequeny scanning

Reference interferometer


P. Burrows, D. Urner

Interferometer operation

Phase = 2π (Optical Path Distance) / Wavelength

Φ = 2π D / λ = 2π D (ν / c)

D = (c/ 2π) (ΔΦ/Δnu)

R = (c/ 2π) (Δθ/Δnu)D = R (ΔΦ/Δθ)

ΔD = (c/2π ν) ΔΦ

Fixed Frequency Interferometry

Frequency Scanning Interferometry

frequeny scanning


P. Burrows, D. Urner


NCLinac, task 9.4: Beam Delivery System

Strong synergy between ILC and CLIC! Main goals:

– develop tuning procedures (at ATF2) for ILC & CLIC, to achieve 35 nm vertical beam size,

– develop BPM’s for BDS, test at ATF2,– develop laser wire scanner & profile reconstruction, test at PETRAIII

and ATF2. Partners: Uni Manchester (CI), STFC/ASTEC, RHUL (JAI) Estimated total: 1.1 M€, 7.5 FTEy Requires good coordination with task 9.3!

5-Dec-08


Beam Delivery System: subtasks (1/2)

9.4.1: “Tuning Procedures”– aim: vertial beam sizes <35 nm!– test tuning procedures at ATF2– optimize the designs of the interaction region of both ILC and CLIC– test local chromaticity correction final focus system experimentally

9.4.2: High Precision BPMs– with particular emphasis on system integration

5-Dec-08


Beam Delivery System: subtasks (2/2) 9.4.3: Laser wire system

– develop laser wire system (emphasis on high-speed operation)– test at ATF2 and PETRAIII– support by simulations (BDSIM)

5-Dec-08

G. Blair

29

Current research:• Optimal timing conditions for efficient extraction of pump energy in

pulsed conditions.• Externally triggering seed laser _after_ pump pulse.• Coupling of seed and pump into crystal fibre.• Operation of crystal fibre as cw amplifier at low power levels, pulsed at

low power and up to highest powers.• Investigation of frequency doubling efficiency.


G. Blair


NCLinac, task 9.5: Drive Beam Phase Control

CLIC luminosity sensitive to drive beam phase, requires phase stabilization (feedback) to ≈ 20fs.

First step: high resolution φ-measurement! Main goals:

Build, develop and test in CTF3– low impedance φ-pick-up with band-reject filters,– laser system & electro-optical detector– the phase monitor electronics

Partners: INFN/LNF, CERN, PSI Estimated total: 0.95 M€, 5.1 FTEy Task results also relevant for future linac based light

sources (e.g. SPARC / FERMI / PSI-XFEL / LCLS) X-FEL, electro-optical system also for ILC!

5-Dec-08


NCLinac: Summary

NCLinac complements ongoing research towards a Linear Collider

NCLinac intentionally searches and supports synergy between CLIC and ILC.

(Stabilisation, BDS, Diagnostics) Synergy with future Light Sources

(High gradient, Phase jitter)

A challenging work program is ahead of us – let’s get started!

5-Dec-08

The R&D programme on Normal Conducting Linacs (NCLinac)

Documents

Transcript of The R&D programme on Normal Conducting Linacs (NCLinac)