The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom. Schrodinger The quantum mechanical model determines the...
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The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
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Atomic Orbitals Vocab to know: 1.Atomic orbitals: where you’re most likely to find an electron, designated by a letter, s p d or f 2.Energy level: Tells you whether an electron has lots of NRG or just a little. -Low #, Close to nucleus, low NRG 3. Sublevel: consists of a number AND a letter. The number IS the principal energy level / quantum number; the letter IS the orbital—tells you the shape of the orbitals
Transcript of The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom. Schrodinger The quantum mechanical model determines the...
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
Schrodinger
• The quantum mechanical model determines the energy an electron can have and the PROBABILITY of finding an electron in a certain location.
• Like a plane propeller– Where we get “electron cloud” phrase
Atomic OrbitalsVocab to know:
1. Atomic orbitals: where you’re most likely to find an electron, designated by a letter, s p d or f
2. Energy level: Tells you whether an electron has lots of NRG or just a little. -Low #, Close to nucleus, low NRG
3. Sublevel: consists of a number AND a letter. The number IS the principal energy level / quantum number; the letter IS the orbital—tells you the shape of the orbitals
Each orbital can hold a
maximum of 2 electrons!
Orbitals
The letters in the energy levels always occur in this order:
s, p, d, f
Yes, they are LOWERCASE letters!
Orbital Shapes• Designated with letters s, p, d, and f• s = spherical shaped. There is just one possible
orbital. How many electrons can the s orbital hold?
• p = dumbell shaped. There are 3 possible orbitals. How many electrons can the p orbital hold?
• d = Shaped like a Rubic’s cube. 5 possible orbitals
• f = Weirdly shaped. 7 possible orbitals
How do principal energy levels, energy sublevels, and orbitals all
tie together?Principal NRG level = 1
THENThere is 1 sublevel
ANDThat sublevel is 1s
SOIt can hold a maximum of 2 electrons
Look at this one:If the principal energy level is 2There are 2 sublevelsThey are 2s and 2p
s indicates 1 orbital, can hold 2 e-p indicates 3 orbitals, can hold 6e-
The maximum electrons in energy level 2 is 8 electrons!
YOU TRY!If the principal energy level is 3:
How many sublevels?
What are they?
What is the maximum number of electrons?
Again! Yea!
If the principal energy level is 4:
How many sublevels?
What are they?
Max # of electrons?
Electron Configurations
Na (11)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
An electron configuration is a map that tells you where the electrons are located!
Aufbau Principle
The lowest energy levels fill first!
Pauli Exclusion Principle
There are 2 electrons in each orbital; they have opposite spins, that are designated
by up and down arrows:
Hund’s Rule
One electron enters each orbital in a sublevel until each one has one, then
start adding the second electrons.
