The power of water - Four propositions and a resolution
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Transcript of The power of water - Four propositions and a resolution
Jeremy Bird, IWMIStockholm Water Prize Seminar 2014
Four propositions and a resolution
The Power of Water
Proposition 1: There is water, we are just not managing it well
Agricultural production levels increased…
…as allocation to agriculture reduced and transferred to urban use
Adapting to competing demands – examples of water productivity increases and transfers across sectors exist
Molden et al
Tanzania – from bucket to pump – facilitating entry into the irrigation market
Large scale drip systems are becoming a reality, e.g. Gujarat
Photos, Hamish John Appleby
Proposition 2: Policy coherence is elusive but possible – solutions for groundwater over-abstraction and under-utilization
Source: Tushaar Shah, IWMI
Jyotigram Yojana – solution to a dilemma of perverse subsidies
West Bengal – easing regulatory and cost barriers
• Access to groundwater - a major obstacle
• Reforms reduced red-tape - licensing and connection charges
• Could benefit more than 4.5 million smallholders
Source: Aditi Mukherji, IWMI
Looking forward – solar pumps reduce operating costs
Courtesy Jain Irrigation
Proposition 3: Hydropower development and irrigation can be compatible
…. and, in some cases, can lead to tension
Source: MRC
At basin level, hydropower storage can increase irrigation potential – the Mekong case
Huffington Post
Dry season water levels, Chiang Saen, Mekong, Nov ‘13-May ’14 Source: MRC
At project level, the peaking flows from hydropower projects require re-regulation. Is managed groundwater recharge a possibility?
..or on-farm ponds to provide a storage buffer?
Proposition 4: Dams – the controversy continues, but affected people can also benefit…although not under prevailing development models
Photo, Tom Schauble
Adopt a benefit sharing approach? e.g. Andes experience
Institutional innovations for upstream-downstream benefit sharing: Benefit sharing mechanism (BSM) for Caneta Basin New Law on Payment for Ecosystems Services (PES) in Peru Supporting implementation of BSM in more than 30 new areas
throughout the Andes
Rethinking the use of reservoir drawdown area for livelihoods, Yali Dam, Vietnam Existing crops are at risk of flooding at the end of the season New shorter-duration varieties of cassava suited to reservoir operations Positive results • 32 t/ha (up by 51%); 26% starch (up by 24%); benefit $350-$850/ha
Senaratna Sellamuttu S, IWMI
Photo: Oliver Joffre
Constructed reservoir wetlands – balancing the built -natural environment
Wet season: Reservoir full
Dry season: Reservoir drawn down
Source: Meynell, P-J
Without wetlands With created wetlands
Resolution: Look for what ‘can’ be done, ……..not what ‘must’ be done
Identify political entry points:A common thread of many successful examples has been the people who looked beyond sectors for solutions and found ways within sectors to implement them.
Photos, Hamish John Appleby
For more information: www.iwmi.orgCGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems
http://wle.cgiar.org/