The Populists and the Progressives 7. THE PROGRESSIVE ERA.
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Transcript of The Populists and the Progressives 7. THE PROGRESSIVE ERA.
The Populists and the Progressives
7. THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
What does PROGRESS mean? Moving forward The Progressive Era is moving towards fixing
America’s problems.
During the 19 th century, many people became fed up with the problems from urbanization and industrialization.
These people helped change rules and laws to “fix” these problems.
CH. 7 PROGRESSIVE ERA
1. THE AGRARIAN MOVEMENT• AGRARIAN=REL ATING TO THE CULTIVATION OF L AND ( I .E .
FARMERS)• MANY PEOPLE TOOK FREE L AND AND STARTED FARMING• EVENTUALLY, THESE PEOPLE RAN INTO PROBLEMS BEING FARMERS
Reasons for Farmers’ Economic Problems
1. Debt-borrowed too much $
2. Overproduction of crops
3. Natural Disasters
4. Paying too much to ship crops
To fix the farmers’ problems the Grange movement began Goal: to eliminate the “middleman”
and save money Railroads and grain storage
Farmers felt like they were taken advantage of by the railroads
Interstate Commerce Act Regulated railroads
1. THE AGRARIAN MOVEMENT
By 1892, farmers joined with industrial workers, miners, and women to join the Populist Party
Represented the “common man”Believed that rich people had too much control of the
government
2. THE POPULIST PARTY
1. Unlimited coinage of silver
Would make repaying loans easier
2. Graduated income tax Tax people based on how
much $ they have
3. Government ownership of railroads and communications
4. Immigration restrictions
5. Shorter work day (8 hours)
6. Secret ballot Vote in private, not in
public
7. Direct/popular election of senators
Give voters more of a voice
8. Term limit for President
Only let a president serve 4 years
2. POPULIST PARTY
Not many Populists were elected BUT eventually many of their ideas go into effect.
• The Populist Party ran for office to try and change the government. • Populist Party Platform:
• Platform=goals to be accomplished once elected
1. Unlimited coinage of silver
Would make repaying loans easier
2. Graduated income tax Tax people based on how
much $ they have
3. Government ownership of railroads and communications
4. Immigration restrictions
5. Shorter work day (8 hours)
6. Secret ballot Vote in private, not in
public
7. Direct/popular election of senators
Give voters more of a voice
8. Term limit for President
Only let a president serve 4 years
WHICH DO YOU SUPPORT?
• “Vote” for two or more that YOU support• Write your name under the ones you support
The Populists Rose quickly and disappeared as fast. But left a mark on American politics
Third Party Democrats and Republicans
any other group is “Third Party” Provide a voice for minorities Generate new ideas
If Third Parties have good ideas that people like, Democrats and Republicans may “borrow” the ideas
Can you name any third parties? Or third party politicians?
2. POPULIST PARTY
MODERN THIRD PARTIES
While the Grange & Populist movements helped farmers, the Progressive Movement helped the citiesThe Progressive Movement was a reaction to the rapid
industrialization, immigration, and urbanization in the cities
Focused on middle-class, city peopleLeaders were educated/important people
investigative writers, lawyers, ministers, and college professorsWanted to correct the political and economic injustices
that existed because of American industrialization
3. THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT
Part of the Progressive MovementWanted social reforms
safer working conditions abolish child labor
Opposed to the harshness of unregulated free enterprise Believed the gov’t should regulate
the economy
Christian based group Believed “being your brother’s
keeper” (helping your fellow humans)
Groups such as the Salvation Army emphasized the need to help those less fortunate.
4. SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT
Writers, journalists, photographers, etc. who exposed people to the abuses of industrial society and government corruption
Term comes from the idea that these people raked up the “muck” (or dirt) of American life
5. MUCKRAKERS
Directions: Read the passages below. As you read, annotate the passage. Then answer the questions at the bottom. 1. Circle words you do not
know.2. Highlight words/phrases
that describe poor working conditions.
3. Underline words/phrases that describe unhealthy food preparation.
Answer the following questions about the passage:
In your own words describe what it was like to work in the meat-packing plant:
In your own words describe the food preparation in the meat-packing plant:
What do you think needs to happen to fix these problems? Explain.
THE JUNGLE BY UPTON SINCLAIR
5. MUCKRAKERS
The Jungle by Upton SinclairDescribe the working conditions.Describe the meat.
Most people did not know this was happening unless they worked in the meat industry.
After President Theodore Roosevelt read The Jungle he helped pass the: Meat Inspection Act (1906) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Jane Addams Created the Settlement House
Ida B Wells Fought to end Lynching
W.E.B. DuBois Helped est. the NAACP
YMCA/YWCA
6. SOCIAL REFORM
Municipal town or city level of government
Changes at the city level
Four areas of concern for progressives:1. Attack the political machines2.Created new forms of government in cities and towns3.Cities take over utilities (water, sanitation, etc.)4. Provide welfare services
7. MUNICIPAL REFORM
Change at the state levelState reform gave voters more power in the governmentProgressive governors
Robert LaFollette (Wisconsin) Theodore Roosevelt (New York)
Direct Primary People vote for nominees for candidates
Secret Ballot Voting in secret
Direct election of Senators People vote for senators
Initiative, Referendum, and Recall Allowed citizens to have a say in the law making process
8. STATE REFORM
Laws were passed that:Regulated housing conditionsAbolished child laborCreated safer work placesLimited on hours of workGave compensation to those injured on the jobConserved natural resources
9. SOCIAL REFORM
Women were seen as inferiorWomen fought for suff rage
Suffrage: the right to voteNational American Woman Suff rage Association
Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton
19 th Amendment Gives women the right to vote
10. WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE
Spoils System Gov’t jobs were given as rewards to people who contributed
to politicians Not based on ability or qualification
President McKinley’s assassination leads to the Pendleton Act Assassin turned to anarchism after losing his job
Pendleton Act Created the Civil Service Commission Gave exams and picked applicants based on ability
11. CIVIL SERVICE REFORM
President from 1901-1909Reversed the trend of a weak president and a strong
CongressBelieved the president represented all AmericasPresident should be a vigorous leaderTrust-Buster
Roosevelt was suspicious of big businesses and monopolies Wanted the economy to play fair
Created the “Square Deal” Laws protecting consumers and natural resources
12. PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT
(1909-1912)Endorsed by T. RooseveltContinued many of
Roosevelt’s policiesDisliked by many
Progressives because he was not a skilled politician Promised to lower tariffs but
could not make it happen. Withdrew some land Roosevelt
had protected.
13. PRESIDENT WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
Angry with Taft’s policies, T.Roosevelt runs for president again Under a third-party, the Bull
Moose Party
Republican votes are split Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)
is elected president.
14. ELECTION OF 1912
1913-1921 “New Freedom”
1. Taming Big Business2. Encourage
competition3. Eliminating special
privileges
16th AmendmentGave Congress the power to tax personal income
The Federal Reserve ActReformed banking and established 12 federal banks
15. WOODROW WILSON
What is the purpose of the following documents?1. Declaration of
Independence2. Constitution3. Bill of Rights
Which rights are protected in the following Amendments? 5. 1st
6. 2nd
7. 5th 8. 13th
9. 14th
10. 15th
11. 19th
Describe why each
man was important:12. Benjamin Rush 13. John Hancock 14. John Jay15. John
Witherspoon Answer the
following:16. Who was Boss
Tweed? 17. Define the
Dawes Act 18. Why was
America considered a “Melting Pot”?
19. Who was Robert LaFollette?
1. Anti-Defamation League
2. Civil Service Commission
3. Square Deal4. William Taft5. New Freedom6. Clayton Anti-
Trust Act7. Federal Reserve
Act8. Realism9. Katie Chopin10.Thomas Eakins
FINISH: STUDY GUIDE, CH.7 VOCABULARY, & PROGRESSIVE POLITICS
WORKSHEET
Using the information in the chart on the left, answer the following questions.
1. What happened in 1920 the relates to the graph?
2. Write one observation you have from the chart.
BELL RINGERStates Allowing Women the
Vote Prior to the 1920
State Date Begun
WyomingColorado
UtahIdaho
ArizonaWashingtonCaliforniaKansasOregon
MontanaNevada
New YorkMichiganOklahoma
South Dakota
189018931986189619121910191119121912191419141917191819181918
Directions: Use your notes, handouts, and book to decide which reformers, muckrakers, and progressives YOU think are the most important and influential.
Follow the template on the board
Make a list of 5 nominees for the “Most Influential Reformer” award.
After you have 5 nominees, you must select one winner
Then, create a certificate award stating why this nominee won the award. On your certificate include:
Winner’s name 3 reasons why they won Today’s Date Your name
CONGRATULATIONS, YOU HAVE BEEN SELECTED TO CHOOSE THIS YEAR’S WINNERS
OF THE FIRST ANNUAL PROGRESSIVE AWARDS!