The ProgressiveMovement

Progressive Roots / GoalsPages 682-689

• Roots of the Progressives?• Role of the Muckrakers• Political Goals of the Progressives• Social Goals of the Progressives

Problems in America

• In your notes or on scratch paper make a list that answers the following:

• What are the major problems in America today?

• Of the problems listed, which can be solved? How?

• Which of the problems listed existed in the early 1900s?

• What problems existed in the early 1900s that no longer exist?

Progressive Movement

• Idea = return control of the government to the people, restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life

• Roots – Social Gospel Movement – Liberal movement within American Protestantism that

attempted to apply biblical teachings to problems associated with industrialization

• Goals – See Details on Next Slide!!– Protect social welfare– Promote moral improvement– Create economic reform– Foster efficiency– Political reform

Progressive MovementGOALS

1. Protecting social welfare• Settlement houses, soup kitchens, YMCA

2. Promoting moral reform• Prohibition

3. Creating economic reform• Muckrakers – journalists who wrote about

corrupt business and politics4. Fostering efficiency

• Scientific management• Assembly line production

5. Election reform

Settlement Houses

Assimilation, Education, Independence

Who Will Help?

Crowded?

PROHIBITION

Issues:

Unemployment

Domestic violence

Abandonment

Are there other reasons?Immigration?Social class?Morality?

Muckrakers

Definition: To search for and expose misconduct in public life

Defenders of the free or forces of evil?What are their motives?

Methods?

Results?

Upton Sinclair – The Jungle

• “There would be meat that tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms…and thousands of rats would race about on it. A man could run his hand over the piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats.”

The Jungle - continued

• “These rats were nuisances, and the workers would put out poisoned bread for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together….There were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat is a tidbit.”

Hungry?

Results of The Jungle:Meat inspection act – strict guidelines for meat processing

Food and Drug act – halt sale of contaminated foods and medicinesand called for truth in labeling

Election Reforms

• Initiative – a bill originated by citizens (not lawmakers) placed on the ballot

• Referendum – vote on an initiative• Recall – ability of voters to remove

public officials by forcing them to face election sooner than scheduled

• 17th Amendment – direct election of Senators (not state legislatures)

Illinois Recall Amendment

• The Illinois Governor Recall Amendment, appeared on the 2010 ballot in Illinois as a legislatively-referred constitutional amendment where it was approved. The proposal allowed voters to recall the governor and required that at least 20 state representatives and 10 state senators, sign a notice of intent to recall the governor before a petition can begin to be circulated. Why?

The ‘Govinater’ Elected by Recall

1904 Election

1904 (other) Candidates

Judge Alton B. Parker Eugene Debs Round 2!!!

Square Deal / Taft

• Details of the Square Deal– Labor– Consumer– Conservation

• Election of 1908• Taft Administration

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• TR– Bark or Bite?– Which issues?– Superhero or myth?

Theodore the Meteor!!!!

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• Federal arbitration – 1902 coal strike threatens supply– Government creates a commission to

work out a compromise (a new precedent)

– Forced arbitration!!!• Trust-busting – used Sherman Antitrust Act

to sue companies believed to have a monopoly– Original use was to sue Unions now used

as intended

Square Deal #2

• Regulation– Meat inspection act – strict guidelines for meat

processing– Food and Drug act – halt sale of contaminated

foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling

• Conservation– Set aside over 200 million acres as National

Parks, Forests and Preserves

• Civil Rights – no improvement!!!!!

TR Legacy

• Contributions– Conservation– Enlarged power and

prestige of presidency

– Compromise diplomacy

– Public opinion as a political weapon

– Public awareness of global community

1908 Election

Good Old Will

• Father of Dollar Diplomacy– Increase US

investment in strategic areas

• Trustbuster– 2x TR– Standard Oil– US Steel (oops)

Bad Old Will

• Payne-Aldrich Bill– Intended to reduce

tariffs instead raises tariffs

– Breaks campaign promise and splits Republican Party

• Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute– Open public lands

to corporate development

Breaking Up is Hard to Do…..

I want my stuff back (old job!)

Finders, Keepers,Losers,Weepers!

1912 Election / Wilson Administration

• 1912 Election– Candidates– Platforms– Outcomes

• Wilson– Goals– Actions

The Republican Party

&President

William H. Taft

The Republican Party

&President

William H. Taft

Keepthe

WhistleBlowing

Keepthe

WhistleBlowing

Taft was Taft was determined to determined to defeat TR and preserve the defeat TR and preserve the conservative heart of the Republican conservative heart of the Republican Party.Party.

Republican Party Platform

Republican Party PlatformHigh import tariffs.High import tariffs.

Put limitations on female and child Put limitations on female and child labor.labor.

Workman’s Compensation Laws.Workman’s Compensation Laws.

Against initiative, referendum, and Against initiative, referendum, and recall.recall.

Against “bad” trusts.Against “bad” trusts.

Creation of a Federal Trade Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.Commission.

Stay on the gold standard.Stay on the gold standard.

Conservation of natural resources Conservation of natural resources because they are finite.because they are finite.

TraditionalRepublican values witha Progressivetwist.

The GOPAfterthe

Circus

The GOPAfterthe

Circus

TR TR The Republican The Republican Party must stand for Party must stand for the rights of the rights of humanity, or else it must stand for humanity, or else it must stand for special privilege.special privilege.

The Progressive

Party &Former

President Theodore Roosevelt

The Progressive

Party &Former

President Theodore Roosevelt

People should risePeople should riseabove their sectarianabove their sectarianinterests to promote the general good.interests to promote the general good.

TheAnti-

Third-TermPrinciple

TheAnti-

Third-TermPrinciple

The “Bull Moose”

Party:The Latest

Arrivalat the

Political Zoo

The “Bull Moose”

Party:The Latest

Arrivalat the

Political Zoo

We stand at We stand at Armageddon, Armageddon,

and we battle for the and we battle for the Lord!Lord!

ONWARD, CHRISTIAN ONWARD, CHRISTIAN SOLDIERS!SOLDIERS!

Progressive Party Platform

Progressive Party PlatformWomen’s suffrage.Women’s suffrage.

Graduated income tax.Graduated income tax.

Inheritance tax for the rich.Inheritance tax for the rich.

Lower tariffs.Lower tariffs.

Limits on campaign Limits on campaign spending.spending.

Currency reform.Currency reform.

Minimum wage laws.Minimum wage laws.

Social insurance.Social insurance.

Abolition of child labor.Abolition of child labor.

Workmen’s compensation.Workmen’s compensation.

NNeeww

NNaattiioonnaalliissmm

NNeeww

NNaattiioonnaalliissmm

All Progressive!!!!

The Socialist Party

& Eugene V. Debs

The Socialist Party

& Eugene V. Debs

The issue is Socialism The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I for Socialism because I am for humanity.am for humanity.

“The Working Class Candidates”

“The Working Class Candidates”

Eugene V. Debs Emil Seigel for President for Vice-President

Growth of the Socialist Vote

Growth of the Socialist Vote

YearSocialist

PartySocialist

Labor Party Total

1888   2,068 2,068

1890   13,704 13,704

1892   21,512 21,512

1894   30,020 30,020

1896   36,275 36,274

1898   82,204 82,204

1900 96,931 33,405 130,336

1902 223,494 53,763 277,257

1904 408,230 33,546 441,776

1906 331,043 20,265 351,308

1908 424,488 14,021 438,509

1910 607,674 34,115 641,789

1912 901,873

The Industrial Worker: I. W. W.

The Industrial Worker: I. W. W.

The The firstfirst American labor group to open its American labor group to open its membership to membership to allall wage-earning workers, wage-earning workers, regardless of skill, nationality, race, sex, or regardless of skill, nationality, race, sex, or gender.gender.

Socialist Party PlatformSocialist Party Platform

Government ownership of Government ownership of railroads and utilities.railroads and utilities.

Guaranteed income tax.Guaranteed income tax.

No tariffs.No tariffs.

8-hour work day.8-hour work day.

Better housing.Better housing.

Government inspection of Government inspection of factories.factories.

Women’s suffrage.Women’s suffrage.

Goal of Equality!

The Democratic Party &Governor Woodrow Wilson

(NJ)

The Democratic Party &Governor Woodrow Wilson

(NJ)

Could he Could he rescue the rescue the Democratic Democratic Party?Party?

The ReformGovernor

of NJ:

It TakesTime

to Removethe Grime

The ReformGovernor

of NJ:

It TakesTime

to Removethe Grime

Which

Wayto

Jump?

Which

Wayto

Jump?

Come and playLawnmower tagWith Mr. Dircks

Democratic Party Platform

Democratic Party PlatformGovernment control of the Government control of the

monopolies monopolies trusts in general were bad trusts in general were bad eliminate them!! eliminate them!!

Tariff reduction.Tariff reduction.

One-term President.One-term President.

Direct election of Senators.Direct election of Senators.

Create a Department of Labor.Create a Department of Labor.

Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.Trust Act.

Did NOT support women’s Did NOT support women’s suffrage.suffrage.

Opposed to a central bank.Opposed to a central bank.

NNeeww

FFrreeeeddoomm

NNeeww

FFrreeeeddoomm

UpAgains

t the

Hurdles

UpAgains

t the

Hurdles

As Big As a BalloonAs Big As a Balloon

Tariff ReformTariff Reform

The Unanswerable Argument for SuffrageThe Unanswerable Argument for Suffrage

Never Again!Never Again!

Taft Abandons Support for Women’s Taft Abandons Support for Women’s SuffrageSuffrage

TR&

Women’sSuffrage:

The Militant Recruit

TR&

Women’sSuffrage:

The Militant Recruit

Trying to Catch the African American Vote

Trying to Catch the African American Vote

1912 Ballot1912 Ballot

Election ResultsElection Results

By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908.1908.

The 1912 election marked the apogee of The 1912 election marked the apogee of the Socialist movement in America.the Socialist movement in America.

GOP Divided by Bull Moose

Equals Democratic Victory!

GOP Divided by Bull Moose

Equals Democratic Victory!

1912 Election

• Labeled as the Election that changed the century– How?– Why?

• Choice of political and economic philosophies

• Democratic – Laissez faire economics and social policy

• Republican – socially conservative, limited progressive reforms

• Progressive – activist welfare state

Dr. Wilson

• Jeffersonian• Moral wall?• Goals

– Tariffs• Underwood Bill

– Banks• Federal Reserve Act

– Trusts• FTC• Clayton-Anti Trust

Act

Income Tax / Federal Reserve System

• 16th Amendment – graduated tax on income– Started at 1% and rose to 6%– Today = 20% and up

• Federal Reserve System– US divided into 12 districts

• Each district has a federal reserve bank• Issue currency, loan money to banks