The Philippines

Michelle T.

Philippines

Prehistoric Aborigines 50,000 B.C. – 30,000 B.C.

While other civilizations were evolving in the Philippines, a combination of Afro-Asiatic and Austro-Aborigines came to the islands.

Land bridges during this time made it possible to reach the islands.

Today, they are known as Aetas or Negritos.

Prehistoric Aborigines

Aeta people

Proto-Malays & Duetero-Malays 2,500 B.C.

Proto-Malays from Indonesia came upon the islands by way of boats, called balangays.

Duetero-Malays, those of either Indian, Chinese, Siamese, or Arabic and Asian ethnicities, came.

The wave of immigrants brought knowledge of agriculture, building, writing, jewelry-making, and other skills.

Proto-Malays & Duetero-Malays

Filipino Writing 14th Century

Baybayin is a syllabic Philippine writing system.

It originated from Brahmic (Indian) scripts. The characters also resemble the Kavi script of

Java and Indonesia

Filipino Writing

Filipino Writing

OBAMA

Islam 1380-present day

Indian, Malay, Javanese, and Arab merchants and missionaries spread Islam to the archipelago.

An Islamic missionary, Karim ul’ Makhdum, was the man who brought Islam to the Philippines.

There has been a great division of Muslims and Christians in the Philippines. Filipino Muslims, called Moro, currently struggle to break away from the Philippines with its own government

Islam

Spain in the Philippines 1521-1898 A.D.

In 1521, explorer Ferdinand Magellan, under Spanish service, landed on the archipelago.

In honor of King Philip II of Spain, the islands were renamed the Philippines.

Spanish rule had a huge impact on Filipino culture. As the Western culture of the Spanish took root, Philippine culture began obscured.

Spain in the Philippines

Spanish influence on clothing shown today.

Battle of Manila September 24- October 6, 1762

The Britain and Spain were warring and Britain attacked Spanish colonized countries in Asia.

The Battle of Manila resulted in British victory. Though Britain had taken the Philippines

through Manila, it failed to establish control over the whole country.

The Philippines was soon returned to Spain in the Treaty of Paris.

Battle of Manila

Katipunan 1892

Rebels in Manila founded the Katipunan, a revolutionary group.

The group had a goal to win independence from Spain.

The Katipunan had thousands of members that fought Spanish soldiers and led to the beginning of the Philippine Revolution.

Katipunan

Philippine Revolution 1896-1898

The Philippine Revolution began with nationalist rebels, the Katipunan.

Emilio Aguinaldo, guerilla general, led many revolts on Spanish soldiers.

Various battles took place between the rebels and the Spanish, but the Spanish were much stronger and better equipped.

Philippine Revolution

Philippine-American War 1898-1901

After the Spanish-American war, the Philippines thought that the United States had helped in the fight for independence.

Instead, the Spanish ceded the Philippines to the U.S.

Warfare broke out between Americans and Filipinos wherein thousands of lives were lost until Emilio Aguinaldo was captured in 1901.

Philippine-American War

The First Philippine Republic 1899-1901

On June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo declared independence for the First Philippine Republic.

Aguinaldo was president of the Philippines. The First Philippine Republic was dissolved

when U.S. forces caught Aguinaldo in 1901.

The First Philippine Republic

The American Period 1898-1946

The U.S. brought improvements in health and education to the Philippines that Spain had failed to provide.

Economic development was stunted as a result of free trade that the U.S. imposed.

In 1934, the Tydings-McDuffie Act gave the country independence after ten years of supervision.

The American Period

Jones Law August 29, 1916

U.S. citizens soon found that occupying the Philippines came to be expensive.

In 1916, the Jones Law was signed which was a step in slowly giving the Philippines independence.

The law allowed the Philippines to have a Senate and a House of Representatives like the U.S. legislature.

Jones Law

Japanese Occupation 1942-1945

World War II presented a delay in the ten year transition period to independence for the Philippines.

The last Filipino-American stronghold, Corrigedor, collapsed in 1942—the Japanese then had control of the Philippines.

American General MacArthur in 1944 and war raged against Japanese occupation. The Japanese surrendered in 1945 and the Manila was left the 2nd most ruined city of WWII.

Japanese Occupation

Philippine Independence July 4, 1946

The U.S. had decided to continue with plans to let the Philippines have independence.

In addition to heavy ties of the economy to the U.S., the Philippines faced massive destruction after WWII.

The country did not have proper leadership in government and corruption soon ran through.

Philippine Independence President Roxas

Philippine Trade Act 1946

The Philippine Trade Act, or the Bell Trade Act of 1946 set rules for the newly independent country.

The Philippine peso would be tied to the U.S. dollar.

The Philippine Constitution would grant the U.S. equal access to the country’s natural resources.

The act called for free trade for the U.S. and that the U.S. could import goods free of import duties.

Philippine Trade Act

FDR signing the Constitution of the Philippines

Works Consulted“Baybayin- The Ancient Script of the Philippines.” mts.net. 14 Jun 2008. 1 Feb 2009.

<http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/bayeng1.htm>

“Philippines.” Encyclopedia of Asian History. 4 vols. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1988. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MIL Galte. http://galente.galegroup.com/servlet/History/.

“Philippines.” U.S. Department of State. Oct 2008. 2 Feb 2009. <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm>

“Philippines.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 3 Feb 2009. 1 Feb 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines>

“Timeline of Philppine History.” Philippine Portal: Your Gateway to the Islands. 2009. 1 Feb 2009. <http://www.philippine-portal.com/history/timeline.html>