The Periodic TableThe Periodic TablePART I: HISTORY AND FAMILIES PART I: HISTORY AND FAMILIES

ON THE PERIODIC TABLEON THE PERIODIC TABLE

The originator of the The originator of the periodic table was periodic table was Russian chemist Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907).(1834-1907).

HISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART IHISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART I

HISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART IHISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART I

He originally ordered the He originally ordered the periodic table by increasing periodic table by increasing atomic mass, with elements atomic mass, with elements having common properties having common properties under each other.under each other.

A copy of the first periodic table:A copy of the first periodic table:

HISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART IIHISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART II

The next person to The next person to improve on the periodic improve on the periodic table was Henry Mosley.table was Henry Mosley.

HISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART IIHISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART II

He had the idea to order the He had the idea to order the table based on the atomic table based on the atomic number, instead of the number, instead of the mass, giving us a table mass, giving us a table much like the one we now much like the one we now have today!have today!

Periodic LawPeriodic Law

When the elements are When the elements are arranged in order of atomic arranged in order of atomic number, there is a periodic number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical repetition of their chemical and physical properties. This and physical properties. This is called the is called the Periodic LawPeriodic Law..

Breakdown of the Periodic TableBreakdown of the Periodic TableThe periodic table is broken down into rows, called The periodic table is broken down into rows, called

periodsperiods,,

And columns called And columns called groupsgroups or or familiesfamilies..

PeriodPeriod

GroupGroup

Representative ElementsRepresentative Elements

All of the elements found in All of the elements found in the s-orbital and p-orbital the s-orbital and p-orbital areas are called the areas are called the representative elements.representative elements.

Representative ElementsRepresentative Elements

Metals and NonmetalsMetals and Nonmetals

Metals are found on the left Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table side of the periodic table and nonmetals are on the and nonmetals are on the right.right.

Metals and NonmetalsMetals and Nonmetals

MetalsMetalsNon-Non-metalsmetals

MetalsMetals

Metals and NonmetalsMetals and Nonmetals

Metals have a high Metals have a high electrical conductivity and a electrical conductivity and a high luster when clean. high luster when clean. They are ductile and They are ductile and malleable.malleable.

Metals and NonmetalsMetals and Nonmetals

Nonmetals are generally Nonmetals are generally non-lustrous and are poor non-lustrous and are poor conductors of electricity.conductors of electricity.

MetalloidsMetalloids

MetalloidsMetalloids show properties show properties of both metals and of both metals and nonmetals—they are on nonmetals—they are on both sides of the both sides of the metal/nonmetal line.metal/nonmetal line.

MetalloidsMetalloids

Alkali MetalsAlkali MetalsGroup 1A is called the Alkali MetalsGroup 1A is called the Alkali Metals

These are the These are the most reactive most reactive elements on elements on the periodic table.the periodic table.

Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth MetalsNext to the alkali metals Next to the alkali metals

are the alkaline earth are the alkaline earth metals metals

Other MetalsOther MetalsOther metals include Other metals include

transition metals, inner transition metals, inner transition metals (a.k.a. rare transition metals (a.k.a. rare earth metals) and other earth metals) and other metals.metals.

Other MetalsOther Metals

Transition MetalsTransition Metals

Inner Transition MetalsInner Transition Metals

Other Other MetalsMetals

Inner Transition MetalsInner Transition MetalsThere are 2 categories inside the There are 2 categories inside the

inner transition metal group:inner transition metal group:The Lanthanide Series, which is The Lanthanide Series, which is

the top row in the inner transition the top row in the inner transition metal, and the Actinide Series metal, and the Actinide Series which is the second row.which is the second row.

LanthanideLanthanide

ActanideActanide

HalogensHalogensHalogens are a group of reactive non-metals.Halogens are a group of reactive non-metals.

Noble GasesNoble GasesNoble Gases are the last column of the periodic table.Noble Gases are the last column of the periodic table.

Noble GasesNoble Gases

Noble gases are special Noble gases are special because they are unreactive. because they are unreactive. This is because they have a This is because they have a completely full outside energy completely full outside energy level, making them more level, making them more stable than other elements.stable than other elements.

Carbon, Nitrogen,Oxygen Carbon, Nitrogen,Oxygen FamiliesFamilies

Because of the fact that Because of the fact that some are metals and some some are metals and some are nonmetals, they don’t are nonmetals, they don’t have as many similar have as many similar properties.properties.

Carbon, Nitrogen & Oxygen Carbon, Nitrogen & Oxygen FamiliesFamilies

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You now have all the You now have all the material that you will need material that you will need

for Wednesday’s Test.for Wednesday’s Test.

The worksheet is due The worksheet is due tomorrow before the quiz.tomorrow before the quiz.