The Periodic Table of Elements
39
The Periodic Table of Elements 118 U uo 117 U us 116 U uh (292) 115 U up (288) 114 U uq (289) 113 U ut (284) 112 U ub (285) 111 Rg (272) 110 Ds (269) 109 Mt (268) 108 Hs (269) 107 Bh (264) 106 Sg (266) 105 Db (262) 104 Rf (261) 103 Lr (262) 88 Ra (226) 87 Fr (223) 86 Rn (222) 85 At (210) 84 Po (209) 83 Bi 208.980 82 Pb 207.2 81 Tl 204.383 80 Hg 200.59 79 Au 196.967 78 Pt 195.078 77 Ir 192.217 76 Os 190.23 75 Re 186.207 74 W 183.84 73 Ta 180.95 72 Hf 178.49 71 Lu 174.967 56 Ba 137.327 55 Cs 132.905 54 Xe 131.29 53 I 126.904 52 Te 127.60 51 Sb 121.760 50 Sn 118.710 49 In 114.818 48 Cd 112.4 47 Ag 107.868 46 Pd 106.42 45 Rh 102.906 44 Ru 101.07 43 Tc (98) 42 Mo 95.94 41 Nb 92.906 40 Zr 91.224 39 Y 88.906 38 Sr 87.62 37 Rb 85.468 36 Kr 83.80 35 Br 79.904 34 Se 78.96 33 As 74.922 32 Ge 72.61 31 Ga 69.723 30 Zn 65.39 29 Cu 63.546 28 Ni 58.69 27 Co 58.933 26 Fe 55.845 25 Mn 54.938 24 Cr 51.996 23 V 50.942 22 Ti 47.87 21 Sc 44.956 20 Ca 40.078 19 K 39.098 118 U uo 117 U us 116 U uh (292) 115 U up (288) 114 U uq (289) 113 U ut (284) 112 U ub (285) 111 Rg (272) 110 Ds (269) 109 Mt (268) 108 Hs (269) 107 Bh (264) 106 Sg (266) 105 Db (262) 104 Rf (261) 103 Lr (262) 88 Ra (226) 87 Fr (223) 86 Rn (222) 85 At (210) 84 Po (209) 83 Bi 208.980 82 Pb 207.2 81 Tl 204.383 80 Hg 200.59 79 Au 196.967 78 Pt 195.078 77 Ir 192.217 76 Os 190.23 75 Re 186.207 74 W 183.84 73 Ta 180.95 72 Hf 178.49 71 Lu 174.967 56 Ba 137.327 55 Cs 132.905 54 Xe 131.29 53 I 126.904 52 Te 127.60 51 Sb 121.760 50 Sn 118.710 49 In 114.818 48 Cd 112.4 47 Ag 107.868 46 Pd 106.42 45 Rh 102.906 44 Ru 101.07 43 Tc (98) 42 Mo 95.94 41 Nb 92.906 40 Zr 91.224 39 Y 88.906 38 Sr 87.62 37 Rb 85.468 36 Kr 83.80 35 Br 79.904 34 Se 78.96 33 As 74.922 32 Ge 72.61 31 Ga 69.723 30 Zn 65.39 29 Cu 63.546 28 Ni 58.69 27 Co 58.933 26 Fe 55.845 25 Mn 54.938 24 Cr 51.996 23 V 50.942 22 Ti 47.87 21 Sc 44.956 20 Ca 40.078 19 K 39.098 102 No (259) 101 Md (258) 100 Fm (257) 99 Es (252) 98 Cf (251) 97 Bk (247) 96 Cm (247) 95 Am (243) 94 Pu (244) 93 Np (237) 92 U 238.029 91 Pa 231.036 90 Th 232.038 89 Ac (227) 70 Yb 173.04 69 Tm 168.934 68 Er 167.26 67 Ho 164.930 66 Dy 162.50 65 Tb 158.925 64 Gd 157.25 63 Eu 151.964 62 Sm 150.36 61 Pm (145) 60 Nd 144.24 59 Pr 140.908 58 Ce 140.116 57 La 138.906 102 No (259) 101 Md (258) 100 Fm (257) 99 Es (252) 98 Cf (251) 97 Bk (247) 96 Cm (247) 95 Am (243) 94 Pu (244) 93 Np (237) 92 U 238.029 91 Pa 231.036 90 Th 232.038 89 Ac (227) 70 Yb 173.04 69 Tm 168.934 68 Er 167.26 67 Ho 164.930 66 Dy 162.50 65 Tb 158.925 64 Gd 157.25 63 Eu 151.964 62 Sm 150.36 61 Pm (145) 60 Nd 144.24 59 Pr 140.908 58 Ce 140.116 57 La 138.906 12 Mg 24.305 11 Na 22.990 4 Be 9.012 3 Li 6.941 12 Mg 24.305 11 Na 22.990 4 Be 9.012 3 Li 6.941 1 H 1.008 1 H 1.008 2 He 4.003 2 He 4.003 18 Ar 39.948 17 Cl 35.453 16 S 32.066 15 P 30.974 14 Si 28.086 13 Al 26.982 18 Ar 39.948 17 Cl 35.453 16 S 32.066 15 P 30.974 14 Si 28.086 13 Al 26.982 10 Ne 20.180 9 F 18.998 8 O 15.999 7 N 14.007 6 C 12.001 5 B 10.811 10 Ne 20.180 9 F 18.998 8 O 15.999 7 N 14.007 6 C 12.001 5 B 10.811 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Lanthanides A ctinides
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The Periodic Table of Elements. Periodic Periodic Law Periodic Table. Something periodic occurs at regular or at least generally predictable intervals Periodic law - physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Periodic Table of Elements
The Periodic Table of Elements
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Periodic Periodic Law Periodic Table
• Something periodic occurs at regular or at least generally predictable intervals
• Periodic law - physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
• Periodic Table of Elements – a table of the elements, arranged by atomic number, that shows the patterns in their properties; based on the periodic law
Can you think of anything that is periodic?
Element
• A pure substance made up of one kind of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
• 90 occur naturally on earth• 25 were synthesized (made) by scientists
http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html
Dmitri Mendeleev
• In the 1860’s he devised a periodic table where the elements were ordered by their atomic masses
• He did this by grouping elements together according to their similarities
• Draft of Mendeleev's Periodic Table
Image taken from: http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2006-04-18/fido-luxuriantflowinghair/mendeleev/
Why do you think there are question marks here?Image taken from: http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/periodictable/post16/develop/mendeleev.htm
Mendeleev’s Published Periodic Table of Elements
Mendeleev’s Predictions
• Although Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Elements had missing elements or “gaps,” he was able to predict the characteristics of these missing elements because of Periodic Law.
Date Predicted
1871 Date Discovered
1886
Atomic Mass 72 Atomic Mass 72.6
Density 5.5 g/cm3 Density 5.47 g/cm3
Bonding Power
4 Bonding Power
4
Color Dark Gray Color Grayish White
“Ekasilicon” GermaniumNotice how
Mendeleev’s predictions
(orange column) were
veryaccurate when compared to Germanium’s
actual characteristics
(green column)
Henry Moseley
• In 1914, his work led to a revision of the periodic table by rearranging the elements by their atomic numbers
• He concluded that the number of protons in an atom is its atomic number
• Sample X-ray Spectra
Image taken from: http://dewey.library.upenn.edu/sceti/smith/
Using the Periodic Table• The boxes that make up the periodic table contain a
significant amount of information. To understand this information, it is necessary to refer to the periodic table’s key(s)
Atomic Number (Number of protons)
Element Symbol(Written with a capital letter or a capital followed by a lower case if two letters )
Atomic Mass(Rounded to a whole number, equals the number of protons and neutrons)
8
OOxygen
15.999
Class Color
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloid
State (@ Room Temp.)
Symbol
ColorSolid
Liquid
Gas
Which class does Oxygen
fall into?
What is Oxygen’s physical state of matter?
Element Name
1 Hydrogen H6 Carbon C7 Nitrogen N 8 Oxygen O11 Sodium Na12 Magnesium Mg14 Silicon Si15 Phosphorus P16 Sulfur S
17 Chlorine Cl19 Potassium K20 Calcium Ca26 Iron Fe30 Zinc Zn53 Iodine I80 Mercury Hg82 Lead Pb92 U Uranium
Atomic number, Atomic Name, Atomic Symbol
How do you read the PERIODIC TABLE?
What is Hydrogeno Simplest atomo most abundant
element in the universe
o Found in Water (H2O)
o No Odor, taste or coloro Very Flammableo Used to keep blimps
afloat before heliumo Used as an alternate
Gas Source (California)
What is Carbono Essential for ALL
life (DNA)o Diamonds, Coal,
Graphite
o In CO2 We exhale, responsible for greenhouse effect
o Pop has carbonation in it which is carbon
What is Nitrogeno 78% of atmosphere
is No Liquid Nitrogen is
used to freeze foodo Crucial to lifeo In Amino Acids and
Proteinso Used in FertilizersIn ammonia
What is Oxygeno Breathe in Oxygeno Very abundant
o In Water H20
o A part of almost EVERY biological molecule
o Hemoglobin carries oxygen to cells
o Ozone is O3
What is Sodium (Na) ?o Humans and other animals
need sodium to maintain the correct fluid balance in their cells.
o In Salt NaClo Reacts Violently with Water
http://www.chemicool.com/elements/sodium.html
o
What is Magnesium (Mg)?o Magnesium is one of the two
dozen or so elements that are essential for life
o The brilliant light it produces when ignited is made use of in photography and flares
o manufacturing of mobile phones, laptop computers, cameras, and other electronic components..
What is Silicon (Si)o Silicon burning is
the last phase of a heavy star’s life before a supernova and lasts only about one day.
o basis of modern electronic and computing, used in glass, concrete
What is Phosphorus (P)?o Phosphorus is at
the tip of matcheso Discovered in
Urine and named for the glow it made when air interacted with it
o Very toxic although is found in the body
What is Sulfur (S)?o Sulfur burns with a very satisfying
blue flame – its old name is brimstone, which means ‘burn stone’ or ‘stone that burns.’
o Pure sulfur has no smell, but many of its compounds stink! For example sulfur compounds called mercaptans give skunks their awful smell. Rotten eggs (and most stink bombs) get their distinctive aroma courtesy of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
What is Chlorine (Cl)?o Chlorine is a greenish-yellow,
diatomic, dense gas with a sharp smell (the smell of bleach).
o Not found in nature but found combined with nearly all other elements
o In SALT NaClo Yellow-green gas
What is Potassium (K)?o All living cells need
potassium to maintain fluid balance
o all forms of life on Earth need potassium minerals to survive.
o Potassium is available in all meats, plants and dairy products. Fruit and vegetables are the best sources of potassium.
What is Calcium (Ca)?o Calcium builds Bones
o Homes built using structural concrete or cement made (calcium oxide). Snails and many shellfish use calcium carbonate – to build their own homes too – their shells.
o Egypt’s pyramids were built using limestone blocks. Limestone is crystalline calcium carbonate.
What is Iron (Fe)?o sources of dietary iron
include red meat, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, and cereals
o Iron is the most widely used metal (machines, Autos, buildings) 95%!
o Symbol Fe comes from the Latin word ferrum
o Magnets are made of iron
What is Zinc (Zn)?o .Zinc supplements are thought to
shorten colds (controversial)
o Pennies after 1982 are made primarily of zinc (97% with a copper coating due to the price of copper) before 1982 pennies were 95 percent copper
o
3 Classes of Elements
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Class Color
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloid
Using this as a guide, color code your periodic table to
show the three classes. Start by highlighting the
“zig-zag.”
Metals
Location • Found on the left of
the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table (exception Hydrogen)
Chemical Properties• Have few electrons in
their outer energy level, thus lose electrons easilyPhysical Properties
• ductile, good conductors, malleable, shiny, most are solid @ room temperature
What metal is not a solid@ room temperature?
Image taken from: http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodictableelements/
ig/Element-Photo-Gallery.--98/Sodium.htm
11
Na
22.990
79
Au
196.967
Atoms with Few Electrons in their Outer Energy Level
Notice: only 1 electron in outer
level
Notice: only 2
electrons in outer level
+
++
+
++
+
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
+
+++ --
-
-
11
Na
22.990
4
Be
9.012
Non-MetalsLocation
• Most found to the right of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic tableChemical Properties
• Most have almost full outer energy levels, thus they tend to gain electrons; some have completely full outer levelPhysical Properties
• not ductile or malleable, not shiny, poor conductors, most are solid, but some are gas at room temperature
Image taken from: http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/resource/ptable/cl.htm
Image taken from:https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/rockandmineral/sulfur.asp
16
S32.06
6
17
Cl35.45
3
Atoms with Full or Almost Full Outer Energy Level
Notice: 7 electrons in outer level – almost full
Notice: 2 electrons in outer level –
FULL
Notice: 6 electrons in outer level – almost full
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
+
+
+
++
+
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
++ -
-
9
F18.99
8
8
O15.99
9
2
He
4.003
Metalloids
Location • Border the zigzag
line/staircase on the periodic tableChemical Properties
• Most atoms have ½ (≈) complete set of electrons in outer levelPhysical Properties
• have properties of both metals and non-metals Image taken from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
Image taken from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
5
B10.81
1
14
Si28.08
6
Atoms with ½ (≈) Complete Outer Energy Level
Notice: only 3 electrons in outer
level
Notice: only 4 electrons in outer level
+
+
+++
-
-
-
-
-
++
++
++
+
++
+
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
B10.81
1
14
Si28.08
6
Important Features of the Periodic Table:Period (Row)
• each horizontal row of elements on the periodic table
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OR RIGHT TO LEFT
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
How many
periods (rows)are on the
Periodic Table
Of Elements
?
Period (Row) Properties
• Seven periods on a periodic table (numbered from the top down)
• Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you move from the left to the right in a period
• All atoms of the elements in the same period have the same number of orbitals/levels
• All atoms of the elements in a specific period have that respective number of orbitals/levels– Example
• Period 1 = 1 orbital• Period 2 = 2 orbitals• Period 3 = 3 orbitals
• Etc…
Examples of Period (Row) elements having the same number of orbitals/levels in their atoms
++++ --
-
-
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
- +
++
++++
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
-
-
-
+++
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
In what period (row) doyou think
these atoms reside?
In what period (row) doyou think
these atoms reside?
•each column of elements on the periodic table
Important Features of the Periodic Table: Group (Family)
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM OR BOTTOM TO THE TOP
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
How many groups (families)
are on the Periodic Table Of Elements?
Group (Family) Properties
• Eighteen groups on the periodic table (numbered from left to right)
• Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you move from the top down in a group (family)
• Atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbitals/levels of their atoms (known as valence electrons) – Exceptions:
• Transition elements (3-12) • Hydrogen (could be 1 or 17) • Helium (actually has 2 valence electrons)
• Elements in groups usually have similar physical and chemical properties
Examples of Group Elements with the same # of valence electrons
87
Fr(223)
55
Cs132.905
37
Rb85.468
19
K39.098
11
Na22.990
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
+
++
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
+++
-
-
-
+++
+++
-
-
-
How many electrons do each of these atoms have in their outer
orbital/level?
What group (family) do these elements reside in?
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Group (Family) NamesAlkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Metals
Transition Metals
Boron Group
Carbon Group
Nitrogen Group
Oxygen GroupHalogens
Noble Gases
Identify the Element
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Period 2 – Group 14 Carbon - CPeriod 5 – Group 2 Strontium - SrGroup 17 – Period 6 Astatine - AtGroup 4 – Period 7 Rutherfordium - Rf
