The Periodic Table Chapter 18 Section 3. Organizing Elements Demo - How did we organize the water?...
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Transcript of The Periodic Table Chapter 18 Section 3. Organizing Elements Demo - How did we organize the water?...
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The Periodic Table
Chapter 18 Section 3
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Organizing Elements
• Demo - • How did we organize the water?• What was the basis of our
organization?
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Organizing Elements
• Dmitri Mendeleev organized elements based on increasing atomic masses.
• The periodic table still contains elements in order, but now by increasing atomic number and by changes in physical and chemical properties.
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Mendeleev
• He actually created the periodic table and left blank spaces to keep the organizational flow going…
• Based on this information, Mendeleev could predict the properties and the mass numbers of new undiscovered elements.
• How was Mendeleev’s predictions?
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Mendeleev
• Unlike Vodoo Claire…
• His predictions were extremely accurate!
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Improving the Periodic Table
• Mendeelev was successful…but like any first attempt, it needed some work.
• The periodic table was modified and now arranged by increasing atomic numbers instead of atomic mass.
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The Atom and The Periodic Table
• Just sorting and organizing your sock drawer, so is the periodic table.
• There are two ways the periodic table is organized– Groups/Families– Periods
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Groups/Families
• Groups or families are the vertical columns on the periodic table.
• Groups are numbered 1 through 18.
• These elements have the same number of electrons in their outer orbits.
• They also have many characteristics in common.
The group IIa elements; beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, & barium. They are called the Alkali Earth Metals.
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Electron Cloud Structure
• Review - where are the protons, neutrons, and electrons located?
• Where are the electrons located?
• How many electrons are there?
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Electron Cloud Structure
• Electrons within the Electron Cloud Structure have different amounts of energy.
• The energy levels closer to the nucleus have less energy
• Electrons fill the inner most energy first.
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Electron Cloud Structure
• Elements in the same group, have the same number of electrons in their outer most shell.
• This is the number that determines each element’s chemical properties.
• How many dots should Cl have? • How many dots should F have? • How many dots should Br have?
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Energy Levels
• The energy levels are named using numbers one through seven.
• Energy level 1 can have a maximum of two electrons.
• Energy level 2 can have a maximum of eight electrons.
• Energy level 3 can have a maximum of 18 electrons.
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Energy Levels
• When the energy levels have the maximum number in their shell, they are considered complete and stable.
• Remember, the electrons fill the innermost energy levels first.
• http://www.ausetute.com.au/lewisstr.html
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Rows on the Table• Remember, the atomic number = the
number of electrons.• The first row has Hydrogen with one
electron and Helium with two electrons both in energy level one.
• Therefore, Helium has the first energy level full of complete and is considered stable.
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Rows on the Table• If you look at the second row, it starts with
lithium and ends with neon.• Lithium has three electrons and neon has
ten electrons. • Lithium has two electrons in the first shell
and one in the second. • Neon has two electrons in the first shell and
eight in the second.• The first column always starts the new
shell.• The last column always fills the shell.
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Electron Dot Diagram
• Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level.
• Electron Dot Diagram uses the symbol of the element and dots to represent the electrons in the outer energy level.
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Same Group - Similar Properties
• The elements in group 17, halogens, have similar EDD.
• All halogens have seven electrons in their outer energy level.
• Because they have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level, they will all undergo chemical reactions similarily.
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Same Group - Similar Properties
• A common property of halogens is the ability to form compounds easily with group 1.
• Group 1 elements have only one electgron in their outer energy level.
• Group 17 has seven.• The two groups come together and
share their electrons - ie - sodium and chlorine = NaCl.
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Same Group - Similar Properties
• Not all elements combine easily with other elements.
• The elements in group 18 have complete outer shell and don’t need any other elements to be stable.
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Regions on the periodic table
• The horizontal rows of elements are called periods.
• The elements increase by one proton and one electron as you go from left to right.