ORGANIZING THE PERIODIC TABLE

Ch. 5.1

True False Statement True False

Mendeleev made the periodic table from a deck of cards

Periodic elements mass increase by columns

Properties of elements are the same by rows

Lavoisier arranged the periodic table by metals, nonmetals, gases

and earths

Mendeleev’s periodic predictions were true

Search for Order

1750 Only 17 elements

1789 Lavoisier grouped

into Metals, nonmetals,

gases and earths

No good method yet found

Mendeleev's Periodic Table

1860’s 63 elements Deck of cards

arrangement for students

Periodic Table- arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row

Arranged elements into rows of increasing mass

Elements with similar properties were in the same column

Mendeleev

Used properties of elements near blanks to predict properties of undiscovered elements

Close match between his predictions and actual new elements showed how correct his table was

Predictions Evidence

THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

Ch. 5.2

True False Statement True False

Periods are rows, arranged by increasing energy levels

Groups are columns, and have similar electron configurations

Metalloids have properties unlike metals and nonmetals

Elements are more metallic left to right

Transition metals are a combination of metals found in nature

The Periodic Law

Elements are arranged by INCREASING atomic #(# of ______)

Periodic Law

Rows # of elements per

period varies due to orbitals

Columns Same group=

similar properties Electron

Configuration

Periods Groups

Classes of Elements

State at room temperature Solid, liquid or gas

Occurring Naturally or not 1-92 natural 93+ not natural

General properties Metal, nonmetal, metalloid

Metals

Good conductors of electricity

Solid, except Hg Malleable Ductile- made

into thin wire

Transition metals Form compounds

with distinctive colors

Nonmetals

Poor conductors of electricity

Gas at room temp If not, very brittle

F most reactive Group 18 least

reactive

Metalloids

Mixture of properties Metals, and

nonmetals Varies with

temperature

Variation Across Periods

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS

Ch. 5.3

True False Statement True False

Elements in groups have a different # of valance electrons

Alkali Metals are group 1, and include hydrogen

The nitrogen group is often used for fertilizer

Halogens have 6 valance electrons

The reactivity of metals increases from top to bottom

Valance Electrons

Lewis Dot Structure

Electron located in the highest energy level

Increase left to right

Elements in groups have similar properties due to same # of valance electrons

Groups/Families:

8 Total- going down columns

Alkali Metals

Group 1A 1 Valance Electron VERY Reactive

Reactivity increases from top to bottom Found in nature

Only as compounds

Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 2A 2 Valance Electrons Reactivity

How they react with water

Boron Family

Group 3A 3 Valance Electrons Al- most abundant metal on Earth

Carbon Family

Group 4A 4 Valance Electrons Contains

nonmetal- C 2 metaloids – Si, Ge 2 metals – Sn, Pb

Except for H2O, most compounds in the body contain C

Nitrogen Family

Group 5A 5 Valance Electrons Contains

2 nonmetals – N, P 2 metaloids – As, Sb 1 metal – Bi

Oxygen Family

Group 6A 6 Valance Electrons Contains

3 nonmetals – O, S, Se 2 metaloids – Te, Po

O is most abundant element in Earths crust

Halogens

Group 7A 7 Valance Electrons Physical properties- different Chemical Properties- similar

Highly reactive nonmetals Fl is most reactive React easily with metals

Noble Gases

Group 8A 8 Valance Electrons, except He(2) Odorless, extremely un-reactive

Transition Metals

able to put more than eight electrons in the shell that is one in from the outermost shell Sc has a configuration of 2-8-9-2

able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell Au has an organization of 2-8-18-32-18-1

Transition Metals

Rare Earth or inner transition

Found naturally in Earth

Reactive, ionic

Radioactive Metals tarnish

when met with air

Lanthanide Actinide

Websites

http://www.funbrain.com/periodic/index.html

http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html