The Periodic Table Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period.
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Transcript of The Periodic Table Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period.
![Page 1: The Periodic Table Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ebf5503460f94bc9b7b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Periodic Table
![Page 2: The Periodic Table Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ebf5503460f94bc9b7b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Periodic Table
Atomic Number (number of protons)
Symbol
Atomic Mass
Period
![Page 3: The Periodic Table Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ebf5503460f94bc9b7b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Periodic Table
Groups are based on number of valence electrons (electrons in the outer shell or energy level) of each element
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The Periodic TableDot Diagrams
![Page 5: The Periodic Table Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ebf5503460f94bc9b7b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Periodic Table
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
LithiumAtomic Number (number of protons)
Period
Symbol
Atomic Mass
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
Number of Energy Levels: 2
First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 1
Lithium
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
BerylliumAtomic Number (number of protons)
Symbol
Atomic MassPeriod
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
Number of Energy Levels: 2
First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 2
Beryllium
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
Boron
Atomic Number (number of protons)
Symbol
Atomic MassPeriod
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
Boron
Number of Energy Levels: 2
First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 3
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
SodiumAtomic Number (number of protons)
Symbol
Atomic Mass
Period
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
Sodium Number of Energy Levels: 3
1st Energy Level: 2
2nd Energy Level: 8
3rd Energy Level: 1
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
Number of Energy Levels: 4
1st Energy Level: 2
2nd Energy Level: 8
3rd Energy Level: 8
4th Energy Level: 1
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
Number of Energy Levels: 5
1st Energy Level: 2
2nd Energy Level: 8
3rd Energy Level: 18
4th Energy Level: 8
5th Energy Level: 1
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
Number of Energy Levels: 6
1st Energy Level: 2
2nd Energy Level: 8
3rd Energy Level: 18
4th Energy Level: 18
5th Energy Level: 8
6th Energy Level: 1
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Patterns of Valence Electrons
Number of Energy Levels: 7
1st Energy Level: 2
2nd Energy Level: 8
3rd Energy Level: 18
4th Energy Level: 32
5th Energy Level: 18
6th Energy Level: 8
7th Energy Level: 1
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The Periodic Table
A row of elements across the periodic table is called a Period
The atomic number increases one at a time across a period of elements
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The Periodic Table
Period 2 starts with Lithium
Period 2
and continues across to Neon
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The Periodic Table
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The Periodic Table
Elements with the same number of valence electrons have similar properties
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The Periodic Table
For example, lithium, sodium,
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The Periodic Table
For example, lithium, sodium, and the rest of the elements in Group 1 are all alkali metals which are very reactive
Alkali Metals
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The Periodic Table
GROUP 1
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The Periodic Table
GROUP 1 Alkali Metals
1 Valence electron in outer shell. Very REACTIVE
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The Periodic Table
GROUP 18
NOBEL GASES
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The Periodic Table
GROUP 18
NOBEL GASES
8 Valence Electrons in outer shell. Very Stable
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The Periodic Table
GROUP 17
HALOGENS
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The Periodic Table
GROUP 17
HALOGENS
7 Valence Electrons in outer shell. Very Reactive
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The Periodic Table
Other metals Groups 2 through 12
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The Periodic Table
Most have 1, 2, or 3 Valence electrons
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The Periodic Table
They react by losing electrons
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The Periodic Table
Other Nonmetals (Green)
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The Periodic Table
React by gaining electrons
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The Periodic Table
Metalloids (Yellow)
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The Periodic Table
Behave as metals or nonmetals
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The Periodic Table
Can lose or share electrons
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The Periodic Table
Hydrogen
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The Periodic Table
Considered a nonmetal
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The Periodic Table
Located above Group 1
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The Periodic Table
One valence electron
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The Periodic Table
Very REACTIVE
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The Periodic Table
QUESTIONS?
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Chemical Formulas and Names
What is a chemical formula?
Compounds can be represented by chemical formulas
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Chemical Formulas and Names
A chemical formula is a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound.
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Chemical Formulas and Names
Formulas of Ionic Compounds
MgCl2
The formula for magnesium chloride.
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Chemical Formulas and Names
Formulas of Ionic Compounds
MgCl2 (Magnesium Chloride)
One Magnesium ion
Two Chloride ions
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Chemical Formulas and Names
Formulas of Ionic Compounds
MgCl2
Mg
Cl
Cl
2+
1-
1-
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Chemical Formulas and Names
Formulas of Ionic Compounds
NaCl
One Sodium ion
One Chloride ion
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Chemical Formulas and Names
Formulas of Ionic Compounds
NaCl
Na Cl
1+
1-
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Chemical Formulas and Names
Naming Ionic Compounds
The name of the positive ion comes first…
Followed by the name of the negative ion
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Chemical Formulas and Names
Naming Ionic Compounds
If the negative ion is a single element the end of its name changes to -ide
MgO = Magnesium Oxide
NaCl = Sodium Chloride
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Chemical Formulas and Names
Naming Ionic Compounds
If the negative ion is a polyatomic element the end of its name changes to –ate or -ite
NH4NO3 = Ammonium Nitrate
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Ionic Compounds
They have opposite charges and opposite charges attract
Why do sodium and chloride ions bond together?
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Ionic Compounds General Properties or Characteristics of Ionic Compounds
•High melting points•Conduct electricity when dissolved or melted
•Hard, brittle crystals
•Energy is required to break ionic bonds
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Ionic Compounds
What are Ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds are compounds that consist of positive and negative compounds
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Molecular Compounds
What are Molecular compounds?
Molecular compounds are compounds that contain molecules bonded with COVALENT bonds
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Covalent Bonds
What is a covalent bond?
The chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
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How Covalent Bonds Form
F F
F F
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Covalent bonds usually form between atoms of nonmetals
Ionic Compounds vs Molecular Compounds
Ionic bonds usually form when a metal combines with a nonmetal
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In Ionic bonding, atoms give up or gain an electron
Ionic Compounds vs Molecular Compounds
In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons
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NaCl
Na Cl
1+ 1-
Ionic Compounds vs Molecular Compounds
Ionic Bonding
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F F
F F
Ionic Compounds vs Molecular Compounds
Covalent Bonding
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Covalent Bonds
What is a covalent bond?
The chemical bond that forms when two atoms share electrons
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Covalent Bonds
O
H H
Hydrogen Atom Hydrogen Atom
Oxygen Atom
Water Molecule with two covalent bonds
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Covalent Bonds
How many covalent bonds can an atom form?
Oxygen has 6 valence electrons so it can form 2 covalent bonds
O
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Covalent Bonds
How many covalent bonds can an atom form?
The exception is Hydrogen which only needs two electrons to be complete
H
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Covalent Bonds
How many covalent bonds can an atom form?
Each Hydrogen atom can form one bond because it only needs 2 electrons to be stable
H
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Covalent Bonds
NHH
H
Hydrogen Atoms
Nitrogen Atom
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Covalent Bonds
NHH
H
Ammonia molecule…
Three covalent bonds
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Covalent Bonds
Double and Triple Bonds
O O
Oxygen Atom
Oxygen Atom
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Covalent Bonds
Double and Triple Bonds
OO
Oxygen Molecule
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Covalent Bonds
Double and Triple Bonds
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