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4 GEARS August 2007 A A s computer control systems become more integrated into the function of the powertrain (transmission, engine, transfer case, differentials, etc.), the software that controls these systems is becoming more extensive. We’re seeing more and more transmission and engine performance problems addressed with updated module programming. The type of problems that are fixed by reprogramming, or calibration updates, can be very difficult, if not impossible, to diagnose and repair properly without the update. Figure 1 provides ten transmission calibration updates from GM, Ford, Chrysler and Toyota. Keep in mind, these are strictly transmission- and transfer case-related problems the manufacturer has provided updated calibration to fix. THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSIS Introduc Introduc tion to tion to Reprogramming/ Reprogramming/ Reflashin Reflashin g; g; Part I Part I Getting started is as easy as 1 – 2 – 3! Getting started is as easy as 1 – 2 – 3! by Mike Van Dyke s e l p m a x E B S T h s a l f e R d r o F r e b m u N B S T s e l c i h e V t n i a l p m o C 6 - 1 2 - 0 0 L 0 . 3 r e g n a R 0 0 0 2 2 - 1 g n i p p i l S r o d e y a l e D . t f i h s 6 - 4 2 - 0 0 s e i r e S F y t u D r e p u S 9 9 9 1 s e t a d d l i u b , e n i g n e L 8 . 6 h t i w 9 9 / 3 / 7 u r h t 8 9 / 2 1 / 1 r o / d n a y l r a e , g n i t f i h s c i t a r r E . s t f i h s e t a l 5 - 4 1 - 1 0 S L n l o c n i L 1 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 / 7 1 / 0 1 e r o f e b t l i u b h s r a h , s t n e m e g a g n e d e y a l e D d e y a l e d , s t f i h s c i t a r r e , s t f i h s . h p m 0 2 r a e n s t f i h s n w o d 4 - 5 2 - 1 0 s u c o F 1 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 2 o i t a r t e s r a e g e v i r d l a n i F r e t f a s t f i h s d e y a l e d : e g n a h c o i t a r t e s r a e g e v i r d l a n i f e l x a s n a r t r o e g n a h c . t n e m e c a l p e r 4 - 3 2 - 2 0 g n a t s u M 2 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1 s u c o F 2 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 2 0 5 1 F , n o i t i d e p x E 2 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1 s e i r e s E 2 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 2 t r o p S r e r o l p x E 2 0 0 2 - 1 0 0 2 r e g n a R d n a , t r o p S , c a r T , r a C n w o T 2 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1 r o t a g i v a N d o o w k c a l B 2 0 0 2 r e e n i a t n u o M 2 0 0 2 e n i g n e e n i l o s a g h t i w e v o b a l l a t n e m u r t s n i r o M C P r e t f A 4 x 4 , t n e m e c a l p e r r e t s u l c d e t a n i m u l l i p m a l r o t a c i d n i . e t a r u c c a n i r e t e m o d e e p s d n a n i k c o l b D I V m a r g o r p ( ) M C P 2 - 4 2 - 2 0 e c i l o P a i r o t c i V n w o r C 3 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 / 0 3 / 6 - 2 0 0 2 / 6 2 / 3 t l i u B r o d e n r u b , r a e g h t 4 f o s s o L . d n a b D O d e g a m a d 0 4 - 1 2 - 3 0 0 5 3 F , 0 5 2 F 7 9 9 1 y t u D r e p u S F 0 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1 n o i s r u c x E 0 0 0 2 e n i g n e L 3 . 7 h t i w e v o b a l l a d e e p s h t i w e g r u s / k c u B d e g a g n e l o r t n o c 6 1 - 5 2 - 4 0 F , n o i s r u c x E 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2 y t u D r e p u S s e i r e s E 4 0 0 2 C T D h t i w d e t a n i m u l l i L I M r e t f a 1 7 7 0 P , 1 6 7 0 P , 6 5 7 0 P h t i w t f i h s q r o T a g n i l l a t s n i . s t n e n o p m o c l e v e l 5 0 0 2 5 - 4 2 - 5 0 , d e r d n u H e v i F 6 0 0 2 - 5 0 0 2 o g e t n o M c i t a m o t u a d e e p s 6 h t i w e r o f e b t l i u b , e l x a s n a r t 5 0 0 2 / 7 1 / 0 1 w o l s / c i t a r r e / h s r a H n i p i t r o s t f i h s n w o d . n o i t a t i s e h 2 - 4 2 - 8 9 1 1 - 3 1 - 8 9 , r u o t n o C 9 9 9 1 - 8 9 9 1 8 9 / 1 3 / 5 h g u o r h t t l i u b e u q i t s y M h g u o r h t t l i u b r a g u o C 9 9 9 1 8 9 / 1 1 / 6 r o f e t a d p u n o i t a r b i l a C t n e m e c a l p e r e c i v r e s . e l x a s n a r t g n i r p s , o v r e s t n e m e c a l p e R r o f e t a d p u n o i t a r b i l a c d n a t h g i l t a t f i h s 2 - 1 h s r a h t f i h s n w o d 2 - 3 h s r a h , e l t t o r h t . t f i h s p u 3 - 1 r e t f a s e l p m a x E B S T h s a l f e R M G r e b m u N B S T s e l c i h e V t n i a l p m o C 7 5 0 - 4 0 - 6 0 - 3 0 r e z a l b l i a r T 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2 y o v n E 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2 a d a v a r B 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2 e n i g n e L 2 . 4 h t i w g n i p p i l S , t f i h s 2 - 1 h s r a H t n e m e g a g n e h s r a H , t f i h s 2 - 1 6 1 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 3 0 d w 2 e u V n r u t a S 3 0 0 2 e l x a s n a r t E 5 2 T V L 2 . 2 h t i w n o i t a r b i V / r e d d u h S C C T ) M C T m a r g o r p e R ( 7 0 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 9 9 , t h g i E y t h g i E , e r b a S e L 8 9 9 1 e l l i v e n n o B d n a , e u n e v A k r a P e n i g n e L 8 . 3 h t i w g n i t a r e l e c c a n e h w r e d d u h S . p o t s a o t g n i m o c r e t f a A 1 2 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 3 0 r e i l a v a C 3 0 0 2 - 5 9 9 1 u b i l a M 3 0 0 2 - 7 9 9 1 o r e l A 3 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1 e r i f n u S 3 0 0 2 - 5 9 9 1 m A d n a r G 3 0 0 2 - 8 9 9 1 o n , g n i z i l a r t u e n r o t f i h s e r a l F , 0 1 8 1 P s ' C T D , t f i h s 2 - 1 . t e s 5 1 8 1 P 8 0 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 5 0 e u V n r u t a S 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2 e l x a s n a r T 5 - 3 3 F A h t i w e r a l F 3 - 2 ) M C T m a r g o r p e R ( 5 0 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 4 0 e u V n r u t a S 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2 N O I n r u t a S 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2 e l x a s n a r T E 5 2 T V h t i w r o k r a P n i e s i o n p r i h c / s s i H ) M C T m a r g o r p e R ( l a r t u e N 1 0 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 - 4 0 r e i n a R 4 0 0 2 T X E , r e z a l b l i a r T 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2 L X , y o v n E 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2 V U X y o v n E 4 0 0 2 a d a v a r B 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2 6 2 2 G V N r o 6 2 1 G V N h t i w e s a c r e f s n a r t t n o r f f o t n e m e g a g n e d e y a l e D p i l s a g n i r u d s l e e h w . n o i t i d n o c ) M C C T m a r g o r p e R ( A 1 5 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 3 0 E U V n r u t a S 5 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2 e l x a s n a r t E 5 2 T V h t i w r o / d n a d n i r g d e e p s w o L . g n i v i r d e l i h w n o i t a t i s e h ) M C T m a r g o r p e R ( E 6 0 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 - 2 0 r e i n a R 4 0 0 2 T X E , r e z a l b l i a r T 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2 , e h c n a l a v A 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2 e o h a T , n a b r u b u S L X , y o v n E 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2 L X , n o k u Y , a r r e i S 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2 V U X y o v n E 4 0 0 2 e v i t c A r o t f i h S c i n o r t c e l E h t i w e s a C r e f s n a r T D W A / D W 4 e v i t a r e p o n I / D W 4 e v i t a r e p o n i , s t h g i l 0 5 5 0 C C T D , m e t s y s D W A h t i w n o i t a c i n u m m o c o n t e s M C C T ) M C C T m a r g o r p e R ( Figure 1A: Ten TSBs each from GM, Ford, Chrysler and Toyota Figure 1B

Transcript of THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSIS ...€¦ · 2. A laptop or desktop PC (Personal...

  • 4 GEARS August 2007

    AA s computer control systems become more integrated into the function of the powertrain (transmission, engine, transfer case, differentials, etc.), the software that controls these systems is becoming more extensive. We’re seeing more and more transmission and engine performance problems addressed with updated module programming.

    The type of problems that are fixed by reprogramming, or calibration updates, can be very difficult, if not impossible, to diagnose and repair properly without the update.

    Figure 1 provides ten transmission calibration updates

    from GM, Ford, Chrysler and Toyota. Keep in mind, these are strictly transmission- and transfer case-related problems the manufacturer has provided updated calibration to fix.

    THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSIS

    IntroducIntroduction to tion to Reprogramming/Reprogramming/ReflashinReflashing;g; Part I Part IGetting started is as easy as 1 – 2 – 3!Getting started is as easy as 1 – 2 – 3!

    by Mike Van Dyke

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    * Raybestos Powertrain warrants that each electrical component manufactured or supplied by Raybestos Powertrain will be free from defects in material or factory workmanship for fiveyears or 50,000 miles from the date of sale. Please refer to Raybestos Powertrain’s website (raybestospowertrain.com) and catalog for details and limitations.

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  • GEARS August 2007 5

    Aside from the bulletins listed here, there are literally hundreds of other cali-bration updates, which can both directly and indirectly affect transmission opera-tion.

    Reprogramming also enables you to do other service work such as calibrating the speedometer, antitheft key program-ming, and configuring automatic door lock timing and chime features.

    Module Swapping and Module Swapping and ReplacementReplacement

    Consider this: If you replace the PCM or other module on a vehicle with an antitheft system, the vehicle keys or the VIN will have to be programmed into the replacement module before the vehicle will even start. This can mean additional expense and possibly send-ing the vehicle to the dealer. If you can perform this service in house, it’ll

    increase your prof-its and help you get vehicles out the door faster.

    The bottom line is, on almost any modern vehi-cle, a replacement

    module will have to be initialized or configured for that vehicle before it’ll function properly, if at all.

    Getting StartedGetting StartedYou’ll need three basic components

    to start reprogramming (figure 2):1. A J2534 Pass Thru Programming

    interface2. A laptop or desktop PC (Personal

    Computer)3. Application software and calibra-

    tion files from the auto manufactur-er (provided either on CD-ROM or downloaded from the OEM service information web site).

    Let’s look at each of these three

    components, and then we’ll offer some simple tips and instructions on how to get started.

    The J2534 Pass Thru The J2534 Pass Thru InterfaceInterface

    The J2534 Pass Thru interface is a universal adapter to connect a personal computer to a vehicle’s data link con-nector (DLC) for reprogramming or scan tool functions.

    2003-and-newer vehicles are required to be J2534 compliant, but almost all OBD-II (1996-and-newer) domestic vehicles can be reprogrammed with a J2534 interface.

    There are several manufacturers that make Pass Thru interfaces; refer to Table A for a list of manufacturers and their web site addresses (page 6).

    Here’s one difference that can eas-ily go unnoticed: A J2534 specification interface is for reprogramming power-train control modules only. A J2534-1 specification interface isn’t limited to just powertrain control modules; it’s capable of reprogramming body, chassis, and other modules as well. So choose carefully to avoid limiting your options, should you eventually need to do other reprogramming work.

    Even though they’re all built to the same specification, there are other feature differences between the J2534

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  • � GEARSAugust2007

    Introduction to Reprogramming/Reflashing; Part I

    interfaces. Pay attention to whether the J2534 interface connects to the PC with a USB or serial (RS232) port. This is important, because you want to make sure your PC has the port necessary to connect to the J2534 interface.

    There are other bonus features to consider. For example, the Ease Diagnostics J2534 interface has a wire-less card option, which provides a wire-less connection to a compatible PC. The Ease interface is also used with all Ease Diagnostics scan tool software, so you only need one interface for scan-ning and reprogramming.

    So consider the extra features of each inter-face carefully, and make sure your PC has the required port for connection.

    PC (Personal Computer)

    A desktop computer will work just fine, but you may prefer the portability of a laptop. And if you’re running scan tool soft-ware, a laptop is pretty much a neces-sity, so you can take it on road tests.

    You don’t need anything fancy with the latest, fastest processor or a ton of RAM (Random Access Memory). For an operating system you should be running Windows 2000 or Windows XP (some manufacturers’ J2534 appli-cation software requires Windows XP Professional Edition) with at least 256 MB of RAM. 1GB or more of free hard drive space will give you a little breath-

    ing room. As m e n t i o n e d e a r l i e r , make sure you have an unused serial or USB port to connect to your J2534 interface.

    IMPORTANT: Make sure you con-figure your PC’s Power Options. Click on Start, then Control Panel, and then select Power Options. Set your power options as shown in figure 3; set every-thing to “Never” for both “Plugged in” and “Running on batteries.”

    If your PC goes into standby or hibernation while you’re reprogram-ming a module, the module can be ruined! This is why these Power Options settings on your PC are so important in preparing for reprogramming.

    OEM Service Web SitesEach auto manufacturer now has

    its own web site where you can access service manual and reprogramming information. Most of these sites charge for access, offering subscription rates for one or three days, one month, or one year. The subscription rates vary between manufacturers and change from time to time, so it’s best to check for the current rate.

    When you subscribe, you’ll get access to the most up-to-date factory service bulletins, service and diagnos-tic information, and reprogramming application programs, files, and support information. The web site addresses for each auto manufacturer appears in Table B.

    J2534 Application Software

    The last key item you need for reprogramming is the J2534 application software from the OEM, which you’ll install on your PC. Each auto manu-facturer has its own J2534 application software and delivery method. Some have it available on CD-ROM; others will have it available on their web sites. Each auto manufacturer has a page on their site explaining what options they have available for J2534 reprogram-ming.

    In the next issue of GEARS we’ll go over OEM service information web sites and application features, check-ing for calibration updates and other specifics on reprogramming GM, Ford, Daimler-Chrysler, Toyota and a few other manufacturers.

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    Table A: J2534 Interface manufacturers and web sites

    Figure 2: J2534 interface with laptop and software

    Figure 3: PC Power Options settings picture

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