The The Northern Northern Workplace Workplace

9-23

Expanding Industries Telegraph

By 1861-Telegraph wires ran coast to coast

Expanding Industries Cotton Mills

By 1850, 1/5 of the nation’s total cotton cloth output was from Massachusetts

Lowe

ll Cot

ton

Mill,

184

0

Laborers Immigrants Urban Dwellers Farmers

Immigrants1845-1854:2.4 million immigrants arrive in America; instantly 14.5% percent of the population.

ImmigrantsLargest Immigrant population: Irish, then German.

Almost completely in the North

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

German Empire

Ireland

Britain

Austro-HungarianEmpire

Canada

China

Africa

Immigration, 1820-1850

ImmigrantsBy 1850-New Irish-Americans made up over half the population of NYC and Boston

Urban Dwellers1860-NYC is first city to reach 1 million people

Urban DwellersBY 1850-90% of Urban centers were in the North

Urban Dwellers1834-Lowell Mill Strike in Lowell, Massachusetts

Southern FarmersBy 1860: 75% of Southern Farmers operated small, poor farms.

Southern FarmersBy 1860: Only 5% were large plantation owners with slaves

Southern FarmersBy 1860: Those 5% owned 93% of the South’s Wealth