THE NORTHERN COLONIES

Chapter 2, Section 3

Puritans and Separatists Puritans – wanted to

“purify” the church by making further reforms or changes to the church

Separatists – wanted complete separation from the Church of England because there were still traces of Catholicism in the religion

In England, Separatists and Puritans were fined or put in prison for worshiping in a different way than the Church of England

Founding Plymouth Colony

Pilgrims came over on the Mayflower in 1620

William Bradford headed the group

The Virginia Company funded the expedition

1691 - became a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Massachusetts Bay Company was started to make a profit and create a refugee for Puritans

John Winthrop led the new colony Massachusetts Bay Colony was started in

1630 Success of Plymouth and Massachusetts

Bay inspired the Great Migration – 20,000 English men and women came to New England between 1620 and 1643

Witchcraft Trials in Salem Salem was a part of the

Massachusetts Bay Colony Several girls showed strange

behavior and claimed to have been bewitched

Forced confessions of witchcraft caused hysteria in the town Hundreds of people were

arrested, nineteen people were executed, others died in jail

The scare soon passed and people were released from jail

Connecticut Colony Started by Thomas Hooker Left the Massachusetts

Bay Colony because he believed in the separation of church and state

1639 – Thomas Hooker and the Connecticut Colony adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut It was the first written

constitution in America Gave voting rights to all

free men, not just church members

Rhode Island Colony Started by Roger

Williams He believed in religious

tolerance and left the Massachusetts Bay Colony to pursue

Government and church were separate

People of all faiths, including Jews were accepted

New Hampshire Colony Anne Hutchinson was

outspoken about her different religious beliefs and was eventually imprisoned, tried, and banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony

She left and went to Rhode Island

Her brother-in-law started a settlement in what is now New Hampshire in 1638

It was a royal colony and was the last of the New England colonies to be created

New England Education and Public Schools

Public school systems started in New England because Puritans wanted their children to be able to read the Bible and learn a skill

Laws were passed to set up elementary and grammar schools

Girls learned reading, writing, and math in a woman’s home

Boys had more opportunities for education including colleges in the 1700s

Colonial Government

Some colonies were ruled by individuals and some by joint-stock companies, but many were eventually ruled solely by the King

Town meetings were where democracy was seen

Only church members and property owners were allowed to vote

Relations with Native Americans

English settlements expanded and colonists came into contact with Natives

Pequot War – conflict in Connecticut over land and trade The war almost wiped out the Pequot Natives

King Philip’s War – Wampanoag leader led attacks that destroyed colonial towns and the colonists burned villages and crops in return The war ended up almost wiping out the

Wampanoags and gave the white settlers more land

THE MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES

Chapter 2, Section 4

Proprietary Colonies

England owed money to individuals who lent it to the monarchy

To repay them, King Charles II gave land to them in the Americas These colonies were called

proprietary colonies Those who owned the land

ruled the colony New York, New Jersey,

Carolina, and Pennsylvania became proprietary colonies

New York Colony

King Charles II gave the land to James, the Duke of York (hence the name New York)

English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans lived in New York

Religious tolerance was allowed The fur trade was a major money maker

for people in New York

New Jersey Colony

James, the Duke of York, gave land to Sir George Carteret and Sir John Berkley

They named the land New Jersey after Carteret’s home

Berkley ended up selling his portion of the land to English Quakers, which became Pennsylvania and Delaware

Pennsylvania Colony

The Quakers settled Pennsylvania under William Penn Believed in the equality

of all men and women Did not believe in social

classes or war Allowed religious

tolerance Penn recognized Native

American’s right to land

Delaware Colony

First settled by the Swedes, then the Dutch, and later the English

Penn wanted access to water so he persuaded the Duke of York to give him land near the Delaware River and bay

This land became Delaware

It was a major trade route

Maryland Colony

Lord Baltimore founded the colony as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth

More Protestants than Catholics ended up settling there and clashes were common

Toleration Act was passed that protected the right of all Christians to practice their religion

The Carolinas

Representative assembly and religious toleration to attract settlers

Southern Carolina: port city of Charleston, prosperous estates, large plantations for rice and indigo, dependent on slave labor

Northern Carolina: small farmers, little to no slave labor

Eventually became to separate colonies, North Carolina and South Carolina

Georgia

Made to be a “buffer zone” between Spanish Florida and the colonies

James Oglethorpe settled the colony as a place for debtors

English prisons had terrible conditions and honest people were thrown in there because they couldn’t pay their debts

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