Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies
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Transcript of Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies
Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies
Economy, Religion, Society, and Government
England Colonizes in the New World
Northern Colonies
North (New England) ColoniesEconomy
Could not raise crops most demanded by Europeans (tobacco, sugar, rice, indigo) because of geography
Small farms where they raised livestock and grew wheat, rye, corn, and potatoes
Export lumber and fish to England Boston (port): merchants did business
and carried out trade between the colonies and England
North (New England) ColoniesReligion
The Puritans, unhappy with the Church of England, settle new colonies in New England
The first Puritans to arrive in Massachusetts in 1620 and come over on the Mayflower
In 1630, John Winthrop brings a larger group of Puritans over and founds the Massachusetts Bay Colony called the “City on a Hill”
John Winthrop, 1630
“For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill. The eyes of the
people are upon us. [So’ that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work
we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us,
we shall be made a story and a byword throughout the world.”
North (New England) ColoniesGovernment
Winthrop got a charter from the King to settle the new colony
The gov’t was dominated by Puritans---religion and gov’t were NOT separate like they are today
To become a voter you had to be a member of the Puritan church (and remember, not everyone gets to be a member!)
Puritan men elected their governor and assembly---Massachusetts Bay was the first to do this
Colonies sprung up rapidly along the coast and inland—Maine, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire
North (New England) ColoniesSociety
Few African-Americans
Most immigrants were of middle class and came as families
Balance between men and women= rapid population growth
Granted land to men/churches Establish towns and support public schools Adults more literate
“Grammar schools” for boys and “Dame schools” for girls Basics of reading/writing -> Bible
Middle Colonies
Middle ColoniesEconomy
Family farms were able to produce more and become more profitable because of the climate
Crops: corn, wheat, rye, barley Philadelphia and NY are seaports
that were very prosperous
Middle ColoniesReligion
Religion was mostly tolerated New Jersey- very diverse religions No single religious group dominated
Quakers Baptists Anglicans Presbyterians Lutherans Jewish
Middle ColoniesGovernment
William Penn: granted land by King Charles II because he saw the Quakers as dangerous radicals
Governs the colony of Pennsylvania Advertises land, freedom, refuge for Quakers “Frame of Government”
Guaranteed elected assembly (Representative Democracy)
Charter of Liberties (freedom of worship, open immigration)
Fair treatment of Native Americans
Middle ColoniesSociety
Relatively few African-Americans
Most ethnically/culturally diverse region and tolerant of religions
Immigrants had better opportunities here then elsewhere
Education is less available so colonists taught reading/math to their own children
Colleges- few, small, expensive College of New Jersey (Princeton) Queens (Rutgers)
Southern Colonies
Southern ColoniesEconomy
Produce the most valuable and profitable crops
Cash crop: a crop grown for sale/profit (TOBACCO!!)
Staple crop: a crop in steady demand Virginia/Maryland: staple crops like wheat
and tobacco North Carolina: cattle and lumber South Carolina and Georgia: rice and indigo Charleston, SC: largest port city
Southern ColoniesReligion
A pretty insignificant role
Southern colonies established for profit rather then religious freedom
Maryland: refuge for Catholics discriminated against by Protestants in England
S. Carolina: diverse population of the colony brought diverse religious beliefs and practices
Georgia: religious tolerance and freedom
Southern ColoniesGovernment
Royal colonies: belonged to the Crown (England)
Proprietary colonies: belonged to powerful individuals or companies
Maryland: Lord Baltimore granted charter (proprietary)
The Carolinas: English aristocrats (Lords Proprietor) ended up demanding Crown to take over elected assemblies in each colony
Georgia: James Oglethorpe strict rules for colonists (no drinking, owning slaves, owning plantations) WHY?!?!
Southern ColoniesSociety
Most immigrants were poor, young, single men seeking work
Slavery produced great profits Plantations are far from one another and
people are excluded from society hard to keep churches and schools going illiteracy is more common
Slavery promoted greater economic inequality