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May 2003

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Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Elbert C. Dickey, Director of Cooperative Extension, University of Nebraska, Institute ofAgriculture and Natural Resources. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture.

We assure reasonable accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act; for assistance contact Lancaster County Extension, 444 Cherrycreek Road, Lincoln, Nebraska 68528-1507, 402-441-7180. TDD capability available.

EBLINEUniversity of Nebraska Cooperative Extension

Lancaster County

"Helping Nebraskans enhance their lives through research-based education."

May 2003Vol. XVI, No. 5

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Visit Egg Cam!View chickshatching,photos ofembryosas theydevelop,andeducationalresourcesfor youth,parents andteachers on the 4-H EmbryologyWeb site atwww.lancaster.unl.edu

Farm Views�page 2

Urban Agriculture�page 3

Food & Fitness�page 4

Family Living �page 5

Horticulture �page 6

EnvironmentalFocus

�page 7

4-H & Youth �pages 8-9

Community &Home Living

�page 10

In this issue...

Farmers, acreage ownersand gardeners fought a two-front war right here in Nebraskain 2002. Already battling to savetheir trees, flowers and cropsfrom the effects of the drought,many rural residents found theywere besieged by invadinghordes of grasshoppers as well.

This army of six-leggedmarauders emerged from roadditches or waste areas and laidwaste to crops and plants in theboarder areas. Certain speciesstripped leaf tissue from cornplants, leaving some fieldslooking like a field of broom-sticks. Hay fields and pastureswere invaded by other specieswhich kept any new greengrowth clipped back to theground. Many pastures were sobrown as a result of the droughtand hoppers, it looked likeJanuary in July. Rural residentsdiscovered smaller trees in theirwindbreaks, even the pines andred cedars, denuded by theravenous beasts. There werereports of grasshoppers eatingthe paint off houses!

Will the grasshopper warcontinue in 2003?

Although it�s difficult topredict early in the year, peopleneed to be prepared for poten-tially large grasshopper popula-tions, according to Gary Hein,entomologist at NU�s Panhandle

Research and Extension Center.�Grasshoppers normally willbegin to hatch in mid- to late-May in the eastern part ofNebraska. These summerfeeding species typically causeproblems in rangeland andcropland. By mid- to late-June,all decisions and treatmentoptions should be exercised.Otherwise, we�ll have adultgrasshoppers which will bebigger and harder to control,�Hein said.

Farmers, ranchers, homeand acreage owners need to usecontrol methods during grass-hoppers� early stages when theyare easier to kill and still in moreconcentrated areas. �It�s betterto deal with it up front ratherthan trying to catch up,� Heinsaid. �If you can treat themearly, you can get better controland use lower rates of insecti-cide.�

Environmental conditionswill play a big factor in deter-mining the severity of theproblem. If conditions duringegg hatch are wet and cool,grasshopper survival will be lowbecause the young grasshopperswill starve to death. However, ifspring and summer prove to bewarm and dry, as forecasterspredict, we�ll be in for anotherserious year.

Treatment GuidelinesFor acceptable insecticidal

control, it is imperative chemi-cals be applied while grasshop-

pers are still immature(nymphs). As they grow,grasshoppers shed their outerskin (molt), exposing a newouter skin which hardens whenexposed to the air. Grasshoppersgo through five nymphal stagesbefore becoming adults. Theperiod of time a nymph spendsbetween molts is known as aninstar. Besides becoming largerin each instar, other subtle

Grasshoppers Thrive in Drought Conditions

Slant-Faced Band-Winged

There are over 100 species of grasshoppers in Nebraska. Some tend to feed almost exclusively on grasses while others are mixedgrass and forb feeders. The primary species of concern in cropland include: migratory, differential, two-striped and red-legged. Theseare all spur-throated grasshopper species.

There are three sub-families of grasshoppers that are of primary concern on rangeland. These are the spur-throated, band-wingedand slant-faced grasshoppers. Spur-throated and band-winged are mixed grass/forb feeders. Slant-faced grasshoppers are grassfeeders and are the primary concern in rangeland situations.

Spotted-winged

Velvet-striped

White-whiskered Speckle-winged

Three-banded

Differential

Migratory

Red-legged

Two-striped

Spur-Throated

Grasshopper Identification

Spurbetweenfront legs

Identification ofNymphal Stages

2nd instar (pads rounded)

3rd instar (pads pointed down)

4th instar (short wing pads)

5th instar (wing pads past 2ndabdominal segment)

changes in appearance occurand can be used to identifywhich instar the grasshopper isin. Chemical controls work bestwhen applied in the third orfourth instar. Control is moredifficult in the fifth instar andgrasshoppers are very hard tokill with insecticides when theybecome adults (when they havefully-developed wings).

One should not rely on acasual observation of body sizewhen estimating the maturity ofgrasshoppers. Some species aremuch larger than others whenfully grown. A large band-winged grasshopper species mayapproach two inches in length asadults, but other species mayonly be 3/4 inch long whenadults. Even when the species isunknown, the instar can beestimated by using the guidelinesbelow. Use a good magnifyingglass to look for the identifyingfeatures.

There are numerous effec-tive insecticides available forgrasshopper control in range-land, various crops, yards andgardens.

For more information on registeredchemicals, rates and control methods, consultone of the following NU CooperativeExtension NebFacts: A Guide to GrasshopperControl on Rangeland (NF97-329), availableon the Web at: www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/insects/nf329.htm; Guide to GrasshopperControl in Cropland (NF02-328), availableon the Web at: www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/insects/nf328.htm or A Guide to GrasshopperControl in Yards and Gardens (NF97-327),available on the Web at: www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/insects/nf327.htm. These publicationsmay also be picked up at the extension office.

Tom DornExtension Educator

May 2003 NEBLINEThe Page 2

Farm Views

Latest U.S. Drought Monitor MapAs of April 29, Lancaster County is in severe drought conditions

with the following dominate impact types:Agricultural and Hydrological

For the most recent map, visitwww.drought.unl.edu/dm

Some producers in Ne-braska reported pumping doublethe normal amount of water togrow crops in 2002. Theprospects for continued droughtin 2003 are high. It is importantthat irrigation pumping plantsoperate efficiently to keep coststo a minimum, but it is especiallyimportant when energy pricesare high and the supplementalwater needed for crop produc-tion is expected to be higher thannormal, as well.

Most irrigation in Nebraskadepends on groundwater as thewater source. Nearly all ground-water for irrigation is pumpedusing a vertical turbine pump.The University of Nebraska hasfield tested hundreds of pumpingplants over the years. Based onthese field tests and on labora-tory tests of engine efficiency,the university developed theNebraska Pumping Plant Perfor-mance Criteria, NPPPC (usuallyshortened to NPC). This criteriastates the amount of useful work(water horsepower-hours, whp-h) one should reasonably expectto achieve in the field for eachunit of energy consumed by apumping plant.

In a pumping plant test, thetechnician measures total head(lift plus system pressure), flowrate (gallons per minute) and rateof energy consumption. Theperformance of the pumpingplant is stated in terms of whp-hper unit of fuel. The perfor-mance rating is the performanceof the particular pumping plantcompared to the NPC and isexpressed as a percentage of theNPC. A rating of 100% indicatesthat the pumping plant is operat-ing as expected. Arating below100% indicatesthe pumping plantis using moreenergy for thework that it isdoing than thecriteria calls for.For example, apumping plantoperating at 70%of the NPC isonly producing70% of the usefulwork it should forthe energy it isconsuming.

The mostrecent statewidepumping plantefficiency studyconducted by theUniversity ofNebraska tested180 pumpingplants. As onemight expect, theefficiency of thepumping plants tested by theuniversity varied considerably.Some pumping plants achievedvery good efficiency. In fact,15% actually exceeded the NPC.(Performance ratings over 100%of the NPC are possible when ahighly efficient motor is attachedto a well-designed pump that isnot worn or misadjusted). Thefact that some pumping plantsexceed the criteria is witness to

2003 Pesticide ContainerRecycling Dates

the fact that the criteria is areasonable target for all pumpingplants. The other 85% of thepumping plants were found touse more energy per unit ofwork than would be expected bythe NPC. The average pumpingplant in Nebraska was found tobe operating at only 77% of theNPC. To put it another way, theaverage pumping plant in thestudy was using 130% as muchenergy as it would if it wereoperating at the NPC (1.0/0.77 =130%).

When the efficiency of apumping plant is not what itshould be, the problem is eitherin the power unit, in the pump orboth. Internal combustion powerunits on irrigation pumps canhave the same problems as thosein cars and trucks. About theonly thing that will cause poorelectric motor efficiency is if thebearings are bad or if the motoris far larger than what is neededfor the job.

Causes for poor pumpperformance include: pumpdesigns that are poorly matchedto the job they are currentlydoing (perhaps the operator hasswitched from gated pipe to acenter pivot sprinkler or a highpressure to a lower-pressuresprinkler package), pumps thathad worn impeller vanes and/orinternal seals as a result ofpumping sand or impellers thatwere not properly adjustedwithin the pump bowls.

There are many pumpmanufacturers and each manu-facturer can have dozens ofpump designs in their catalog. Ata given rotational speed, a givenimpeller design operates on a

head versus capacity curve. Thegreater the head (pressure) thepump is working against, thelower the capacity the impellercan produce. See Fig. 1. Theefficiency (work producedversus energy consumed)changes along the operationalcurve. Each design will have abest efficiency point at a certainhead/capacity condition, withlower efficiencies on either side

of the best efficiency point. Thejob of the field engineer is toselect an impeller design that willoperate efficiently when pump-ing the volume of water requiredfor the application and whichwill produce the total headrequired with a multiple numberof stages.

In the recent pumping planttests, 57% were determined topotentially benefit from adjust-ments. Adjustments either to theengine or pump or both resultedin 14% average savings inenergy costs over the initial testresults. An equally importantresult of the pumping plantstests was inefficient pumpingplants were identified and thefeasibility of making repairsbeyond the field adjustmentswere calculated. On somepumping plants, the potentialsavings in energy costs frommajor repair or even replacementof the pump would pay for itselfin only a few years.

If there isn�t a water meterinstalled on the system, a short-term pumping plant test can berun using one of a variety ofdevices to measure the flowrate. Contact a reputable welldriller and ask if they areequipped to run a short termpumping plant efficiency test. Attoday�s energy prices, identify-ing a pumping plant that needsadjustment or repair could resultin saving hundreds or eventhousands of dollars in energycosts per year.

If the producer knows thetotal fuel used over a period oftime, the total volume of waterpumped (from water meterreadings, usually stated in acre-

inches), the system pressuremeasured at the discharge headand the water level (measuredwhile the pump is running), theperformance rating can becalculated.

For more information onhow to estimate long-termperformance, contact TomDorn, extension educator inLancaster County via e-mail attdorn1@unl.edu. (TD)

Reducing Energy Billsfor Irrigation

The Nebraska Pesticide Container Recycling programprovides a recycling opportunity for plastic from 1- and 2.5-gallon containers. More than 40 inspection/collection sites areavailable to take your rinsed plastic containers to in Nebraska.Three pesticide container recycling dates have been establishedin Lancaster County.

The UNL Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County, inconjunction with local businesses, will be holding publiccollection days from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the following loca-tions:

� June 27 � Firth Co-op, Princeton� July 11 � Farmers Cooperative, Waverly� July 25 � Farmers Cooperative, BennetIn addition, the Lancaster County Extension office, located

at 444 Cherrycreek Road in Lincoln, is accepting containersnow through Oct. 31 between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Call 441-7180 for directions.

All liquid pesticide containers require proper rinsing (triplerinsing or pressure rinsing). Rinse the containers immediatelyafter emptying and place the rinse water in the spray tank forapplication on the labeled site. It is illegal to burn the contain-ers. Crop oil and adjuvant containers may also be recycled.Please remove caps and plastic labels or multi-layered paperlabels.

Commercial applicators are encouraged to recycle theircustomer�s plastic containers at these sites.

Last year, more than 171,530 pounds (86 tons) of plasticfrom pesticide containers were recycled in Nebraska. Thisplastic is kept separate from regular recycling channels andonly goes into environmentally safe uses such as pesticideshipping pallets, agricultural drain tile, parking lot tire bumpers,rail road ties, plastic lumber, etc. (TD)

Last year, more than 6,250 pesticide containers were collectedin Lancaster County.

Fig. 1

May 2003 NEBLINEThe Page 3

UrbanAgriculture

After turf becomes wellestablished (up to four monthsfor plugged areas; four to eightweeks for sodded areas), areduction in management inputscan be realized.

The mowing requirementfor vegetatively establishedbuffalograss ranges from approxi-mately every two weeks to onceper year, depending on manage-ment level and aesthetic require-ment. The recommended mowingheight, when mowing is prac-ticed, is 1-1/2 to 4 inches. Shortermowing heights will require agreater mowing frequency. Avoidremoving more than one-third ofthe turf height (i.e., for a 2-inchmowing height, mow when theturf reaches 3-inches) at anymowing. Removing clippings isoptional and normally notrequired or recommended.

Excessive nitrogen (N)fertilization promotes weedpopulations in buffalograss.Exceeding the following recom-mendation defeats the lowmanagement concept ofbuffalograss and promotes weedinvasion. Apply one to threepounds N per 1000 square feetper year in two applications(mid- to late-May and late-July).On sandy or low-fertility soilsand/or in high rainfall areas, usethe upper end of the recom-mended rates. Use a slow-release N carrier such as SCU,ureaformaldehyde or a naturalorganic fertilizer. For phospho-

Squirrels seem to do mostof their twig-clipping and bark-stripping in the spring, leavingtree owners frustrated.

Squirrels can cause anumber of chronic, low-levelproblems but there are ways tokeep squirrels at bay.

Twig-clipping occurs whensquirrels clip the ends of treebranches. Squirrels may do thisas a territorial marking orbecause of their rodent tendencyto chew. Twig-clipping doesn�thave much impact on trees.However, the small twigscovering the ground can beannoying to tree owners.

Bark-stripping can be moreproblematic because the squir-rels may kill the branch they�vestripped. Squirrels feed oncambium, the inner bark of thetree, which is nutritious forthem. Most trees can handle upto a third defoliation and areusually able to survive bark-stripping, but in rare cases, the

rous, potassium and pH adjust-ments, test the soil every threeto five years.

The water requirements ofestablished buffalograss areconsiderably lower than thecommonly used turfgrasses.Excessive irrigation, much likeoverfertilization, promotes weedinvasion. Irrigating buffalograssin many areas is not required. Ifnatural precipitation is inadequateor untimely, supplementalirrigation may be required.

Once established andproperly managed, weed pres-sure in buffalograss is minimal.If herbicides are required, followlabel directions explicitly tomaximize weed control. RonstarG, Dimension, Dacthal, andSurflan are pre-emergenceproducts currently labeled foruse in buffalograss. Except forDacthal their use is restricted tocertified applicators. A springapplication for control ofsummer annual weeds, such ascrabgrass, goosegrass andspurge, should be applied whensoil temperatures reaches 50°F.

A second pre-emergenceapplication in late summer orearly fall will control winterannuals, such as henbit, chick-weed and annual bluegrass.

Post-emergence control ofannual grasses is best achievedwith arsenical compounds(DSMA, MSMA). Broadleafproducts cleared for use inbuffalograss include a number of2,4-D containing products. Donot apply products containing2,4-D if temperatures areexpected to exceed 80°F on theday of application. Dormantbuffalograss can be sprayedwith Round-Up to control winterweeds. Fall applications can beapplied after the first frost orwhen the buffalograss turnsstraw-brown.

Spring applications ofRound-Up should not be appliedto buffalograss if the dormantturf is showing any green color.Round-Up applications applied tosemi-dormant buffalograss willsignificantly delay green-up andcould severely injure thebuffalograss. (DJ)

Buffalograss � The Other Green Grass

tree may be severely damaged.Bark-stripping tends to

occur more often in cities thanrural areas, possibly becausesquirrels have limited nutrientresources in the city and mayhave to forage more.

Any tree is susceptible tobark-stripping, but it�s seen mostoften in broad-leaved trees.

Squirrels can cause anumber of other problems, somejust annoying and some quitecostly. Squirrels may get intohomes� attics to birth theiryoung or they may eat the feedin bird feeders and scare thebirds away. They also can crawlinto a vehicle�s engine compart-ment and chew the wires orclimb along power lines andblow out power transformers.Repairs for this are extremelycostly.

Squirrel repellants are anoption in some circumstancesbut are not effective in deterringbark-stripping. Capsaicin, the

active ingredient in hot sauce, isa registered repellent andpolybutene is a sticky tactilerepellent.

Live-trapping is an option ifthe problems come from a fewpersistent squirrels. Permits arerequired to do this and may beobtained from the NebraskaGame and Parks Commission ora local animal control office.Trapped squirrels should bereleased in a vacant habitat�awooded area that doesn�t havemany other squirrels. Residentsquirrels are very territorial andtransplants may not survive.

Despite the problemssquirrels may cause, they areessential in the web of life andprovide several benefits. Theyadd to habitat diversity and areimportant prey for owls, coyotesand other predators. Squirrelsalso contribute to tree re-establishment by burying nutsand leaving some behind togrow. (DJ)

Squirrels Cause Spring Frustration

Newly planted windbreaks,trees and shrubs need weedprotection throughout thesummer, especially within thefirst year of planting. New treesand shrubs that have to competewith aggressive weeds andgrasses for moisture, light andnutrients, may suffer fromstunted growth or die in theprocess.

Cultivation, mowing andchemical herbicides can helpcontrol weeds. Newly germi-nated weeds can be killed easilyby cultivation or chemicals just

Weed Control Essential for New Seedlingsbefore or after the seedlingstage.

To ensure treatment will beeffective, cultivate or sprayvegetation two feet on each sideof tree rows or within a four-foot radius of each seedling. Ifapplied in the proper amount andjust after trees and shrubs areplanted, pre-emergent herbicidessuch as Simazine will controlmost weeds for the growingseason.

Cultivation is the bestmethod to control weeds andretain moisture for seedlings as

Have you foundLancaster CountyExtension�s weatherpage on the web?Weather is anintegral part of theNebraska Produc-tion Agriculture webpages, found withinLancaster CountyExtension�s Ag/Acreage section.This page provideslinks to color-codedmaps showing:current droughtinformation, oneand seven dayaverage soil tem-peratures, one andseven day potentialevapo-transpirationand links to current radarimages of precipitation, mapsshowing rainfall amounts forthe past day and many moreitems of interest.

If you would like to viewcharts of the weather condi-tions for each day of anymonth since January 1999 forLincoln, the information isjust a click away. Detaileddaily information includes:maximum, minimum andaverage temperature, normalmaximum, minimum andaverage temperatures, recordhighs and lows, rainfallamounts and heating-degreeday/cooling-degree dayvalues. Less detailed dailyweather information can befound for previous years.This historical informationincludes: maximum and

minimum temperatures andprecipitation for every dayback to 1920.

Perhaps you are lookingfor extension publicationscovering weather and climate.Links are provided toNebGuides on croppingpractices and decisions basedon probability of freezes andother weather factors, reduc-ing or mitigating heat stress inanimals and why Nebraskansshould be concerned aboutglobal warming.

The weather page can beaccessed by pointing your webbrowser to lancaster.unl.edu/ag then clicking on theWeather button under Ne-braska Production Agricultureicon or point your browser to:http://lancaster/unl.edu/ag/weather/weather.htm (TD)

Weather & ClimateInformation on the Web

It�s that time of year againto start spraying for weeds. It�salso the time of year to exercisecaution with chemical herbi-cides.

Just as chemical herbicideshave the power to kill �weed�plants, they also have the powerto kill many other plants. Someof these other plants, such astrees and shrubs in field wind-breaks and farmsteadshelterbelts and flowers andshade trees in yards, are quitevaluable.

Science has yet to com-pound chemicals that can thinkfor themselves. Therefore, thespray will go wherever it isaimed or wherever the windcarries it, and not always wherewe would like it. Only individu-als have the power to direct andcontrol spraying.

It is only natural thatindiscriminate or carelessspraying practices will causedamage to plants the herbicidewas not intended for.

Trees are quite vulnerable to

weed sprays. Herbicides carriedby the wind cause dieback offoliage and, in many cases,eventual death of the tree. Eventhough repeated applications donot seem to do much damage asthe trees seem to be alright laterin the summer, the tree�s healthand vigor is seriously weakened.Trees in such weakened condi-tion are easy prey for potentiallyharmful insects and diseaseswhich could kill the tree.

To avoid the dangers ofdrift, exercise judgment whenspraying. Do not make fieldapplications where wind velocityexceeds eight mph. Wind willcause poor coverage andexcessive drift. Do not use 2-4Dester, Dicamba or similarherbicides near vegetables,ornamentals trees, shrubs orbroadleaf crops. Be sure tocalibrate application equipment.

Remember, chemicalherbicides are wonderful, work-saving weed killers but takeprecautions for their safe andintended use. (DJ)

Careful Spraying is a Key toPreventing Foliage Damage

long as it�s not too deep or soil ispushed against the trees. Mow-ing weeds and grass betweenrows is another way to controlweeds and the remainingvegetation prevents soil erosion.

New trees need extraattention for up to three yearsafter planting. Some propertyowners plant bromegrass orother grasses between wind-break rows after the first year.These grasses smother weedsbut also compete with trees formoisture and nutrients. (DJ)

May 2003 NEBLINEThe Page 4

Food &Fitness

Alice Henneman, RD, LMNT, Extension Educator

When you�re long on appetite and short on time, use convenientfrozen hash brown potatoes and quick-cooking eggs as the base fora microwave meal in minutes recommends Mary Torell, PublicInformation Officer, Poultry & Egg Division, Nebraska Departmentof Agriculture. Add a few fresh vegetables and a bit of flavorfulgarlic and cheese to make a satisfying, nutritious entree. Forcrunch, serve with plain or garlic-flavored crusty bread. Top off awell-balanced menu with fresh fruit and cheese. Join the Poultryand Egg Division in celebrating May Is National Egg Month, bytrying this easy recipe from Torell utilizing the incredible, edible egg.

For more free egg recipes or information related to eggs andfood safety, contact Mary Torell, Poultry & Egg Division, NebraskaDepartment of Agriculture at mtorell2@unl.edu or call 472-0752.

Hasty Hash Brown Scramble(4 Servings)cooking spray2 cups (8 oz.) frozen southern-style hash brown pota-

toes1/2 cup sliced fresh mushrooms (optional)1/4 cup chopped sweet red pepper (optional)1/4 cup chopped green onions with tops (optional)4 eggs1/4 cup skim or low-fat (1%) milk1/2 teaspoon garlic salt1/4 cup (1 oz.) shredded reduced-fat Monterey Jack

cheese (optional)

Evenly coat a 9-inch pie plate with cooking spray. Addpotatoes, mushrooms, pepper and onions. Stir until wellcombined. Cover with plastic wrap. Cook on full power untilpepper is crisp-tender, about 3 to 4 minutes (600-700watts:* 4 to 5 minutes).

In a small bowl, beat together eggs, milk and garlic salt untilwell blended. Stir into vegetables. Cover. Cook on full power1-1/2 minutes to 2 minutes (2 to 2-1/2 minutes). Stir to movecooked portions at edges to center. Continue cooking,covered, on full power until eggs are almost set, about 1 to 2minutes. Sprinkle with cheese, if desired. Cover. Let standuntil eggs are thickened and no visible liquid egg remains,about 1 to 2 minutes. Garnish with mushrooms, pepper andonions, if desired.

*Note: Microwave cooking times here are based on a full poweroutput of 1000 or 1100 watts. For an oven with 600 to 700 watts,use the times given in parenthesis. For a lower wattage �mini�oven, allow a bit more time.

Nutritional information per serving of 1/4 recipe using skim milkwithout optional ingredients: Calories: 136; Carbohydrates: 14gm; Protein: 8 gm; Total Fat: 5 gm; Cholesterol: 213 gm;Sodium: 272 gm; Potassium: 147 mg and 10% or more of theRDI for Vitamins A and C, riboflavin and phosphorus.

for Limited Resource Families

Andrea OhlrichExtension Assistant

4. Turn Up the Volume!�When left to their own

devices, people choose a fairlyconstant portion of foods fromday to day,� according to Dr.Rolls in describing her researchrelated to �volumetrics.��Volumetrics is based on main-taining the usual amount of foodyou eat yet lowering the caloriesin each portion so you canconsume fewer calories yet feeljust as full.�

Choosing nutrient-densefoods higher in fiber and waterand lower in fat and sugar helpyou feel full, obtain essentialnutrients and aid in weight loss/maintenance. Some tips for foodchoices from the various foodgroups include:

� Bread, Cereal, Rice andPasta. Choose those with higherfiber and water contents. Forexample, choose whole grainbread and cereals. Avoid eatinglots of dry, low fiber foods thatare easy to overeat, such as drycrackers, pretzels, etc. Rollsgives the example of how fivetiny pretzels provide 25 calories,while for the same calories, youcould eat a whole mediumtomato.

� Fruits and Vegetables.Most fruits and vegetables canbe eaten in unlimited quantitiesas they�re high in water andfiber. Just go easy on adding fatand sugar. Include a variety offorms of fruit, since juices bythemselves offer very little fiberand dried fruits have a muchsmaller volume than regularfruit.

� Milk, Yogurt andCheese. Choose lower fatforms. We can have about twoglasses of skim milk for thesame calories as one glass ofwhole milk.

� Meat, Poultry, Fish,Legumes, Eggs and Nuts.Choose lower fat forms andpreparation methods. Enjoy

small portions of nuts.� Soup. Broth- and tomato-

based soups tend to be lower incalories than cream-based onesand offer a lot of satiety.

� Beverages. While water-rich foods, such as fruits,vegetables and soups, will helpyou feel full, water alone doesn�thave the same effect. Softdrinks are processed differentlyby the body than milk-baseddrinks and drinks with protein.According to Rolls, �The hungerand thirst mechanisms are quiteseparate. A soft drink will triggerthirst mechanisms, not hungermechanisms and add calorieswithout satisfying hunger. Youmay end up consuming moretotal calories than if you didn�ttake the drink.�

� Desserts. Chocoholicswill enjoy this advice from Rolls:�Having a piece of chocolate atthe end of a meal is really not abad strategy. You�re alreadypretty full and less likely toovereat and sit down and eat thewhole box. I find myself thathaving the most deliciouschocolate I can think of in asmall amount at the end of themeal really helps me end themeal!�

5. Step to It!The National Weight Control

Registry (NWCR) studiessuccessful weight controlstrategies of people aged 18years and older who have lost atleast 30 pounds and kept it offfor at least one year. Theaverage person listed withNWCR expends about 400calories a day in physicalexercise, with walking the mostfrequently cited activity.

Health experts recommendwalking around 10,000 steps perday (about 5 miles) on mostdays for cardiovascular health.It�s possible more steps may beneeded for weight loss. Invest-ing in an inexpensive pedometeris a good way to begin and staymotivated with walking. Simplydetermine your current numberof steps for a couple of days and

gradually build up.To help stay on track, track

your steps � keeping a recordof how we�re doing can help usstay on target.

As a general guideline, aperson will burn about 100calories walking a mile. Fitness,weight and age will affect howmany calories each personburns.

For a chart to help you keeptrack of your walking, go tolancaster.unl.edu/food/walk.htm

6. Sleep On It!Too little sleep may lead to

weight gain. Studies in �TheJournal of the American MedicalAssociation� (Aug. 16, 2000)and �The Lancet� (Oct. 23,1999) suggest chronic sleep losscan make it harder to maintain orlose weight by affecting variouscomponents of metabolism thatinfluence hunger and weightgain.

Though most healthy adultsgenerally need an average ofeight hours of sleep nightly,some people can function onless while others may needmore, according to NationalSleep Foundation (NSF). Hereare general tips from NSF thatmay help you sleep better; formore ideas, check their Web siteat www.sleepfoundation.org� Drink less fluids before

bedtime.� Avoid heavy meals shortly

before bedtime.� Don�t smoke.� Go to bed and get up at the

same time daily, includingweekends.

� Exercise regularly, but at leastthree hours before going tobed.

� Avoid napping during the day ifyou have trouble sleeping atnight.

� Avoid caffeine and alcohol inthe late afternoon and evening.While caffeine may keep youawake, alcohol may cause youto awake later in the night.

If you continue to havesleep problems, check with yourphysician.

How to Fill Up, Not Out! (Part 2)This is part 2 of six �Eat

Smart� tips to help a person fillup, not out!

Here are some ideas to helpyou plan how to fit physicalactivity into your day at home,work and elsewhere to help getyou started.

Begin by being ready foractivity wherever you are. Buycomfortable clothes you canmove around in. Keep some inyour car. Keep a pair of com-fortable walking or runningshoes in your car and office. Ifyou stumble, don�t worry anddon�t quit. Just get back ontrack.

Weekly ModerateIntensity Physical Activity

Make physical activity part

Web Resources of the Month

Now that the days are nicer, perhaps you�re inter-ested in starting a walking program. Walking is a goodway to help tone up your muscles and maybe even takeoff a few pounds. For more information in getting started,check lancaster.unl.edu/food/walk.htm

Visit our NEW �Quick Tip of the Month� to helpyou prepare healthy food in a hurry atlancaster.unl.edu/food/ciqtips.htm

Visit our NEW �Cook It Quick in Action� section toview pictures and directions for easy-to-make, healthyfoods at lancaster.unl.edu/food/ciq.htm#action

To keep up-to-date on new tips, resources andrecipe ideas to help you prepare healthy foods in ahurry, sign up for our monthly Cook It Quick e-mailmessages at lancaster.unl.edu/food/ciqupdat.htm

of your daily commute. Parkfurther from work or get off thebus one stop earlier and walk therest of the way.

Physical Activity atWork

Take the stairs instead of theelevator. Walk down the hallinstead of using the phone or E-mail. Take a walk duringmorning or afternoon break. Aska friend to go with you.

Lunchtime ActivityTake a walk around the

block during part of your lunchhour. Pick some dining spots 10to 15 minutes away and walk toand from lunch.

After Work HabitsSneak a brief walk in after

work before you get home. Playwith the kids. If you find it toodifficult to be active after work,try it before work. A brief walkis a great way to start off theday. Take the dog.

Weekend and Day OffActivities

Walk up and down thesidelines at your child�s baseballor soccer practices and games.Join a weekend line dancing orballroom dancing group. Go tothe park or zoo with your family.Walk while doing errands. Makea Saturday morning walk afamily habit; or take a familywalk after church, mosque orsynagogue.

Active Indoor ChoresDo chores that let you move

your arms and legs such aswindow washing, tub scrubbingor reorganizing your closet.

Active Outdoor ChoresMow the grass or wash the

car and do the same for aneighbor who may be in need.Spruce up your garden or plant anew one.

Source: CDC, National Center for ChronicDisease Prevention and Health Promotion.

Fitness For You!

FamilyLivingLines from Lynn

Lynn BushFCE Council Chair

We got through Easter withfairly nice weather. We�remanaging to getenough rain tomake our yardslook prettygood. Suremakes me feel

good to look out my windowand see lots of green and anarray of summer colors.

Mark your calendar for June23, 7 p.m our next councilmeeting. We will meet at theLancaster Event Center, 84thStreet and Havelock Avenue. Wewill begin the evening with atour of the facilities, followed byour business meeting. Clubsresponsible are Live and Learn

CHARACTER COUNTS! Corner

May 2003 NEBLINEThe Page 5

H FCE News HFamily Community Education (FCE) Council Meeting

The June FCE Council meeting will be Monday, June 23, 7 p.m. in the Exhibit Hall at theLancaster Event Center, 84th Street and Havelock Avenue. There will be a tour of the facilities andthen the business meeting. All FCE members are invited to attend. Call Pam at 441-7180 if youplan to attend. (LB)

by Lorene Bartos, Extension Educator

Storing Garments

Respect

Before storing winter garments be sure they are clean.Clothes should be free of starch or sizing, which can provideinsect nourishment. To prevent damage, store clean garmentsusing mothballs and cedar chests. In a closed area where thereis a high concentration of odor, mothballs will kill larvae andinsects. In an open area the odor generally repels insects,while cedar has a strong scent that will repel insects also.Keeping the chest tightly closed is what prevents infestation.

It is a wonderful experience to feel the respect of others.Respect is the most basic of human needs to be valued as aperson of worth. It is the understanding all people and thingshave value by showing high regard and consideration for self,others, community and environment.

There are positive consequences of being a respectfulperson. You may learn about different ideas, you earn therespect of others when theysee you respecting them.You will probably feelconfident you havedone the right thingwhenever you giveothers considerationor say kind things topeople. (BR)

Summer will soon be hereand it is a good time to plan funactivities with your children,grandchildren, nieces, nephewsor friends. Here are some waysto have fun this summer.� Have your child flatten a slice

of bread with a rolling pin,spread the bread with creamcheese and jam and then roll itup like a jelly roll for a snack.

� Summer is for picnics. Be sureto have at least one, even if it�sjust enjoying a sandwichtogether on the back steps.

� Play �I�m thinking of someoneyou know.� Give your childone clue at a time about afamily member or friend untilhe or she guesses who it is.

� Visit a local zoo. Before yougo, play a game with yourchild of pretending to walk andsound like the animals you willsee. When you�re at the zoo,have your child look closely tofind new ideas for pretending

Whether urban or rural,many families are suffering fromeconomic hardship and mentalstress. The year 2003 is goingquickly and many things havebeen happening. They are not alleasy! This is the beginning of aseries of articles on �WhenTimes are Tough�.

It sounds as though the war�Iraqi Operation Freedom� isabout to wind down. Regardlessof your feelings on whether thewar was the right thing to do ornot, it is important to know yourfeelings, and the feelings of yourfamily and friends are legitimate.Everyone has the right to theirown feelings.

It�s how those feelings areexpressed that must be dealtwith. Some people have simplygrieved throughout this wholetime with concern about thenews of injuries, death andsurvival even if they did not havefamily members or friends in themilitary or serving overseas.Many with family members orfriends overseas have been gluedto the television and news,which has affected their lifestyleincluding their physical andemotional health. Many peoplecontinue to be concerned aboutterrorism within our country.

There is still work to bedone in Iraq and around the

and Salt Creek Circle.There�s still time for your

club to put together a basket forthe State Convention. Theconvention is Aug. 18 and 19 inSyracuse, Neb.

Also mark your calendar forthe Sizzling Summer Sampler,July 14. (See details elsewhere inthis NEBLINE.)

Monday, July 14Sizzling Summer Sampler

Plan to attend andinvite a friend!

6 to 9 p.m. / Light Supper at 6 p.m.Lancaster Extension Education Center, 444 Cherrycreek Road, Lincoln

�Antique Show and Tell� presented byTom Bassett, Certified Antique Appraiser

You may bring no more than 1 small antique for show and tell.

world and people will continueto serve in the military and awayfrom home. Although there maybe some closure for some,others will have concerns, fearsand loneliness.

It is essential you knowwhere you stand with theseissues and who you may turn tofor support. It is important torecognize your feelings and fearsand to know you are not alone.One of the most wonderfulthings about living in the UnitedStates is you have the right tovoice your opinion and shareyour feelings without threat ofbodily harm.

However, when you sharefeelings you place yourself in avulnerable position. You willwant to trust the person youconfide in or who you ask foradvice. During these days,although the end of war isinevitable, there is still unrest andstress. In the aftermath of war,make sure to care for yourselfby eating properly, exercising,fulfilling your work responsibili-ties and spending time withfamily and friends.

Do what you can to supportyour family, friends and co-workers to help make their livesless stressful.

Source: Kathy Bosch, Extension Specialist,Family Life Education (LB)

When Times are Tough:In the Aftermath of War

Sponsored by LancasterCounty Association for Familyand Community Education

when you get home.� Teach your child a game or

song you and your friendsliked when you were young.

� Use water and a small brush to�paint� items you collect on anature walk.

� Make an instant puppet bydrawing a face on a woodenspoon, a peg type clothespin, acardboard tube or a thumb.

� Off to play in the sand? Packyour imaginations and some ofthese household items: a spraybottle of water to dampen thesand, cookie cutters, a plasticfunnel, old spoons, gelatinmolds and old muffin tins.

� Point out the sky at differenttimes of the day. Talk aboutthe colors you see.

� When you�re having anespecially rushed and busyday, take a few minutes to sitdown and rock your child.You�ll both feel better.

� Join your child in drawing on

the sidewalk with chalk.Suggest tracing aroundthings...a hand, foot, leaf, or atoy. Then �erase� your draw-ings with water and a paint-brush.

� Put family pictures in analbum.

� Tell your child something youhonestly like about him or her.

� Ask your child to find out whathis shadow does when heruns. What does it do when hejumps? What about when hewalks into the shade?

� Have your child tell you astory. Write it down andmaybe even act it out together.

� This is the only summer yourchild will be exactly the age heor she is right now. Be sure tosavor it. Don�t forget to letyour child hear out loud thosewords that are in your heart:�I Love You!� (LB)

Easy Ways to Have Fun with YourChild This Summer

Cost $10. Make checks payable to FCE CouncilSend reservations and check by July 7 to:

Joy Kruse, 850 Adams Street, Lincoln, NE 68521

May 2003 NEBLINEThe Page 6

Horticulture

Watering roses with soaker hoses or drip irrigation will reduce thespread of black spot disease.

Plant ground covers under shade trees that do not allow enoughsunlight to grow grass. Vinca minor or English ivy are ground coverplants that grow well in shade.

Mulch around newly planted trees and shrubs. This practicereduces weeds, controls fluctuations in soil temperature, retainsmoisture, prevents damage from lawn mowers and looks attractive.

When you visit botanical gardens and arboretums, take your cameraand note pad with you. Plan now for changes you will make in yourlandscape.

For maximum landscape interest in a small, vertical space, tryannual vines. They can disguise ugly walls and fences. Whentrellised, they can create shade and privacy while hiding undesir-able views. Try morning glory, nasturtium vine and scarlet runnerbean.

Plan a landscaping project on paper first. Do not over plant. Be sureyou know the mature size of each plant and allow for growth.

Lawns maintained at the correct height are less likely to havedisease and weed infestation. Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescueshould be mowed at approximately three inches in height. Mowfrequently, removing no more than one third of the blade at eachcutting.

Grass clippings can be used as a mulch in flower beds andvegetable gardens if allowed to dry well before use. Never useclippings from a lawn that has been treated with a herbicide.

Cabbage loopers and imported cabbage worms are green worms.They eat large holes in the leaves of plants in the cabbage family.For control, caterpillars can be picked off by hand or sprayed withBt (Bacillus thuringiensis) a natural, non-toxic preparation availableby various trade names.

Newly transplanted vegetable plants should be protected fromcutworms with collars. Cut strips of cardboard two inches wide byeight inches long, staple them into circles and place them around theplants. Press the collar about one inch into the soil. These collarswill fence out the cutworms and protect the stems of the vegetableplants.

Four or five layers of newspaper will serve as an effective mulch inthe garden. Cover it with grass clippings or straw to prevent it fromblowing away. (MJF)

GardenGuide

Things to do this month

The Perennial Plant Asso-ciation (PPA) has announcedthat the Perennial Plant of theYear 2003 is Leucanthemum�Becky�. PPA members selectedBecky Shasta daisy on the basisof its bright white flowers,sturdy stems and long season ofbloom. Leucanthemum �Becky�has proven to be a lovely anddependable perennial forherbaceous borders across thecounty.

�Becky� has sturdy, uprightstems that grow 40 inches tall,with a similar spread. Threeinch wide, singe white flowerswith contrasting yellow centersappear at the end of June orearly July when other Shastadaisies are finishing. Floweringcontinues throughout August andoften into September. BeckyShasta daisy grows well inhardiness zones 4 to 9.

Leucanthemum �Becky� is awonderful choice to be grownas a specimen or mass plantingin the perennial border, natural-ized landscapes, attract butter-flies, garden bouquets and evenlarge containers. It can be one ofthe main attractions of thesummer border.

An excellent cultivar of anold fashioned favorite, Becky

Most people realize deadtrees should be removed as soonas they are detected, however,living trees also can be a threatto life and property. A livinghazardous tree may have one ormore defects which decreasesits structural integrity and givesit an increased potential forfailure. Unfortunately, thispotentially deadly combination ofdefective trees with areas wherepeople or their property stop andcongregate are all too commonin today�s urban and residentiallandscape. Tree managers orhome owners must have theability to identify and thencorrect hazardous situationscaused by defective trees.

Tree StructureTrees are complex and

highly adaptable organisms.Knowing how trees are con-structed, function, and respondto wounding can help homeowners understand the eventualaging process and ultimatelyinsure the safety of people whowork and play near them.

Trees have massive stemsthat support and elevate theleaves. The stem is also thetransport system for movingmaterials from the root to theleaves and back again. Treestems must grow every year.Each spring and summer a newsheath of living wood covers lastyear�s tree. If a tree cannotgrow every year, it will declineand die.

A cross section of a treetrunk has many layers. Theoutside of the tree is dead barkwhich protects the tree. Theinner bark or phloem tissue isalive and carries food manufac-tured in the leaves to lower,aboveground portions of the treeand to the roots.

The layer between the barkand wood is called the cambium.The cambium produces woodcells to the inside and bark cellsto the outside. Actively growingcambium results in an increasein stem diameter. In addition, thecambium is a major reaction sitethat responds to injury.

Inside the cambium areannual rings of wood. The largepores in each annual ring(xylem) are dead, but are stillcapable of transporting water tothe leaves. Nearly all of thevolume of a tree is wood orxylem. If these woody tissuesbecome unsound for any reason,such as internal decay, thenmost of the structural supportfor the tree will be compro-mised. The tree will remain alive,however, because the living cellsnear the cambium will continueto grow, laying down newphloem and xylem tissues. Theresult is a relatively healthy-looking tree with a functionalouter sheath, but one that lackssufficient structural strengthfrom wood to support itself,particularly during extremeweather events.

A tree�s structural support ismost important during highwinds or when snow and icehave accumulated on branches.For example, accumulation ofice can increase the branchweight of trees by 30 times ormore. This additional weightmay not pose a problem forrelatively young trees, however,

as trees grow old, they are lessable to compartmentalize or seal-off injured portions of the treeand decay is more common. Inaddition, older trees have agreater tendency to shedbranches due to unavoidabledecline in wood quality.

Besides age, growth rate andability to respond to injury willinfluence a tree�s functional lifespan. Fast growing trees likesilver maple, poplar and willowallocate a relatively small portionof internal resources to buildingcompartments that keep pestsand decay from spreading.Instead, they rely upon a rapidrate of growth to outdistancedecay-causing pathogens. But asthey age, their rate of growthslows, and significant decay andstructural failure become likely.On the other hand, trees like oakgrow slowly and allocate asignificant proportion of re-sources to defense. These treescompartmentalize wounds and ingeneral are long-lived and lesslikely to fail.

There are four ways thatliving trees become structurallyunsound:� Internal decay in the trunk and

large branches� Cankers and canker-rots� cut roots and root decay� poor branch attachment

Internal DecayDecay in living trees is the

end result of many complexinteractions between the tree andseveral groups of fungi andbacteria. Many of these microor-ganisms are opportunistic andenter through wounds. Healthyand vigorous trees have adequatedefense systems that limit thespread of decay caused by thesepathogens, however, older treesor those in poor health are at adisadvantage, and extensivecolumns of decay often result.

Once decayed tissue takesover a large volume of the trunk,the tree will be unable to supportits own weight and may fail atany time (even though failure ismost likely to occur duringperiods of high wind.)

Here are the warning signsof internal decay:� Large, wide wounds or cavities� Presence of fungal fruiting

bodies or conks� Bleeding (oozing sap) through

the bark� Presence of carpenter ants,

termites, nesting holes and beehives

� Loose, cracking bark� Overall poor appearance, slow

growth, or twig and branchdie-back

Cankers/Canker-RotsCankers, localized dead

areas on the bark caused bybark-inhabiting microorganisms,also can lead to structuralinstability in a tree. Cankers onthe trunk and branches areinherently weak spots and trunkand branch failure may occur atold cankers.

Canker-rots occur whenmicroorganisms attack anddecompose the wood beneaththe canker and adjacent barktissues. Most canker-rots arelikely to cause tree failurebecause of the combined effectof dead bark around the circum-ference of the tree (from the

canker) and loss of internalsupport (from wood decay.)Trees with canker-rot are veryhazardous and should be re-moved as soon as possible.

Root ProblemsAnything that alters or

compromises the structuralsupport provided by any part ofthe root system decreases thestability of the tree.

Two major culprits thatjeopardize the integrity of rootsare (1) root-rotting pathogensthat attack weakened trees orenter through wounds and causeroot decay, and (2) the severingor cutting of any portion of theroot system.

In addition, soil erosion,drought, gas leaks, changing thegrade around trees, flooding, soilcompaction or paving aroundtrees can kill roots. Building,road, and sidewalk constructionor utility installation are espe-cially damaging to the roots ofnearby trees. Large, heavyequipment used around treesoften severs or injures a largeportion of the roots.

Without the support of theentire root system the tree isstructurally weakened and theprobability of failure increases asthe amount of injured rootsincreases. Trees that have lost50 percent or more of their rootsystems during constructionshould be removed.

Branch AttachmentTo have a strong attach-

ment, a branch must be smaller(40 to 50 percent smaller) thanthe trunk or limb from which itarises. If the branch and trunkare close to the same size, theirattachment may be weak andbreakage may occur. Competingleaders and upright-growingbranches with acute angles ofattachment also are areas ofpotential weakness.

Some tree species such ashorsechestnut, silver maple,linden, tulip tree and willow aremore likely to break because oftheir inherent poor branchinghabits. These species should beexamined carefully when theyare young so that structuralflaws can be corrected.

Reducing the RiskEarly detection of tree

defects can prevent tree failuresand potential damage to propertyand injury to people and pets.Reducing the risk associatedwith hazardous trees might takeone of the following forms:� Remove the target�While

homes or power lines cannotbe moved, sometimes picnictables, cars, landscape fea-tures, play areas, etc. can berelocated to prevent them frombeing crushed by a falling tree.

� Remove the tree�Somehazardous trees are bestremoved from the landscape.Remember, �When in doubt,take it out!�

� Prune the tree�Removingdefective branches mightalleviate a hazardous situation.

Trees that are suspected ofbeing hazardous should beexamined by a Certified Arborist.If the tree is located near apower line, contact your localutility. (MJF)

Shasta daisy grows best in fullsun and well drained soil. Plantsare not tolerant of excessivemoisture or wet soils in thewinter. Deadheading encouragesrebloom and extends the flower-ing season into autumn. Theflower stems are strong enoughto keep this daisy upright after aheavy rain and to make it anexcellent cut flower. �Becky� issuperior to other Shasta daisiesdue to its robust habit andpreforms well in northernclimates. (MJF)

Recognizing Hazardous Trees

2003 Perennial Plantof the Year

Leucanthemum �Becky�

Actual Size:

EnvironmentalFocus

May 2003 NEBLINEThe Page 7

In the past few years, pestcontrol professionals report thatants have risen to become themost problematic nuisancepests in and around homes.Ants motivate morehomeowners to callcooperative extension thanany other group of insects.

There are about adozen ants that are foundoccasionally inside Ne-braska homes. Because ants livein colonies and have a queen thatcontinually lays eggs andproduces more workers, thesmartest control approach is tolocate and treat the colony.Spraying individual ants with aliquid or aerosol insecticide willonly be a temporary solution.

Locating the colony isn�talways easy. Most of the timeant colonies are outside and theants you see are coming insidethrough small cracks that allowentry. But, sometimes the colonycan actually be in the structureitself. A correct speciesidentification will help youlocate the colony, becausedifferent ant species arefound in different locationsand have different habits.They also may be attracted todifferent foods � which willbe helpful when consideringa bait treatment.

Several of the more com-mon pest ants are carpenterants, odorous house ants andlarge yellow ants (citronellaants). Each of these ants haveone node separating the thoraxand gaster, but they have otherdistinctive features that makethem easy to identify.

Carpenter AntsCarpenter ant workers are

dimorphic � which means you

Clopyralid (pronouncedclo-PEER-a-lid) is a herbicidedesigned to kill broadleafweeds such as clover, thistleand dandelion. Clopyralid issold for use on turf by severalmanufacturers under a varietyof trade names, such asConfront, Lantrel, Momentumand �Weed & Feed� fertiliz-ers. The source of clopyralidin compost are clippingstreated with these products.

Gardeners may inadvert-ently damage sensitive plantsthrough misapplication ofcompost with clopyralid.Clopyralid is very slow tobreak down during thecomposting process. In soil, ithas a half life of 2�14months. When composted,the half life is greater than oneyear. Other chemicals appearto break down quickly incompost and do not presentthe same problems asclopyralid.

Plant families sensitive toclopyralid include:

can find large and small winglessworkers in the same colony. InNebraska, there are two speciesof carpenter ants that are quitedifferent in color.

Black Carpenter Ant�

Carpenter ants are largeblack ants, the workersrange in size from 1/4-inchto 1/2-inch long. Theyhave a dull black color,including legs and antenna.Under a hand lens you may seefine yellow hairs covering theabdomen.

�Red� Carpenter Ant�

The �red� carpenter ants aresmaller than the black carpenterants and distinctly different incoloration: reddish head andthorax and black abdomen.

Colony location: The maincarpenter ant colony must havea constant source of moisture to

survive and is usually located indead wood outdoors, such asdead limbs, tree holes, stumps,landscape timbers. Indoors, amain colony is usually associatedwith a water problem.

Control: Locating thecolony is essential toeliminating carpenter ants;the correct treatmentis dependent onwhere the colony islocated. Hiring a pestcontrol professionalmay be needed tocorrectly treat in wall

voids or other difficultlocations.

Odorous House Ants

These ants are small, verydark brown to blackants � about 1/8-inchlong. They get theirname from theirdistinctive coconutsmell when you smashthem. Odorous houseants commonly foundin kitchens are espe-cially fond of sweets.Colony location: Odor-

ous house ants nest in manydifferent outdoor habitats andbuild shallow nests under itemslying on the ground, includingmulch and bark chips. Insidebuildings, they can nest in wallvoids�particularly around hotwater pipes and heaters. As withother ant species, moisture is alimiting factor in their survival.

Control: If colonies arefound, they can be treated with

� Legumes: peas, beans, lentilsand clover

� Solanaceous: tomatoes,peppers, potatoes and eggplant

� Composite: sunflower, petu-nias, daisies and asters

� Other plants: carrots, carna-tions, lupines and lettuce

Exposure to clopyralid doesnot pose a health threat. Accord-ing to the EPA, it is not harmfulto people or animals at the lowlevels present in compost. Infact, people that have appliedthis herbicide to their lawns havea much higher concentrations ofclopyralid than is in the com-post. The primary environmentalconcern from this herbicide is itseffect on sensitive plants.Vegetables grown in soil treatedwith clopyralid-contaminatedcompost are safe to eat.

Plants damaged byclopyralid will show:� Stunted growth: the main

growth tip stops growing andthe lateral buds begin to grow

� Reduced fruit set� Cupping of leaves

� Failure of secondary leaves togrow after the seed leavesemerge

� In legumes, compound leavesstay single.

Compost is still great foryour lawn, garden, and land-scape. Compost builds healthy,biologically active soil, increasesporosity and water-holdingcapacity of the soil and de-creases bulk density of the soil.

When applying compost,thoroughly mix it with the topsoil. Use compost at the recom-mended rates listed below:� For a new lawn, spread one

inch of compost and till intothe top four to six inches ofsoil prior to seeding.

� For an established lawn, topdress with up to 1/4-inch ofcompost two to three timesduring the growing season.(Treat bare spots like newlawn)

� For flower and vegetablegardens, apply one inch ofcompost and till into six inchesof soil. (DJ)

Clopyralid and Compost Products Registered in NebraskaContaining Clopyralid

Ant Identification:Why is it so Important?

Barb OggExtension Educator

1. Accent Gold Herbicide

2. Andersons Golf Products Turf Fertilizer 18-5-9 with Millennium UlturaHerbicide

3. Award Proffesional Millennium Weed & Feed

4. Battleship Herbicide

5. Confront Herbicide

6. Curtail Herbicide

7. Curtail M

8. Dupont Accent Gold WDG Herbicide

9. Earl May Midwest Select Weed & Feed 32-3-5

10. Earl May Midwest Select Winter Weed & Feed 24-4-14

11. Greenview Preen �N Green Lawns

12. Hornet

13. Hornet WDG

14. Howard Johnson�s Weed & Feed with Millennium Ultra

15. Lawn Science 20-5-10 LS 621 Pro Series Millennium Ultra Weed & Feed

16. Lebanon Proscape Homogeneous Fertilizer w/Confront Herbicide 19-2-9

17. Lebanon Proscape Homogeneous Fertilizer w/Confront & Team 19-3-9

18. Lesco Momentum Premium Selective Herbicide

19. Lontrel Turf and Ornamental

20. Momentum Premium Weed & Feed

21. Redeem R&P

22. Stinger Herbicide

23. Strike 3 Ultra

24. Tee Time 18-5-9 with Millennium Ultra Herbicide

25. The Andersons Prof Turf Products 16-4-8 w/Millennium Ultra Herb &PCSCU

26. Transline (DJ)

Actual Size:

Actual Size:

insecticides � the type oftreatment depends where thecolony is located. Because thisant is attracted to sweet foods, asweet bait (like Terro or Pic II)can often be successful incontrolling this ant.

Large Yellow Ants

This medium-sizedant is about 1/4-inch longand yellow-orange incolor. They are also calledcitronella ants becausewhen crushed, they giveoff a distinctive odor of

lemons or citronella.Colony location: The large

yellow ant usually nests in thesoil, often under logs, rocks,patio blocks and concrete slabs.They also may be found in openareas of soil. The large yellow

ant excavates large amounts ofsoil as it builds galleries. If thecolony is located under abasement or garage slab, soilmay be piled on the floor. Largeyellow ants swarm nearlyanytime � even in January �and often several times duringthe year. If large yellow ant

swarmers are found insidethe house, the colonies areprobably in the soiloutside the foundation orunder a crawl space.

Control: Locate andtreat colonies next to,under or around thestructure. It may be

necessary to hire a pest controlprofessional to treat underconcrete slabs or in crawl

spaces. Baits are not effectivefor large yellow ants.

There are eight other antspecies that are sometimesfound in Nebraska homes sodon�t assume these are the onlyants you might encounter. It isalways a good idea to have antsidentified by an expert beforeyou spend a lot of time ormoney on treatment. Bring antspecimens to the LancasterCounty Extension Office,8 a.m.�4:30 p.m. weekdays.

Actual Size:

�Everything Homeowners Need to Knowabout Termites and Termite Control� will beheld at the Lancaster Extension EducationCenter, 444 Cherrycreek Road on Thursday,May 22 from 6:30�9:30 p.m. Barb Ogg,Dennis Ferraro and Clyde Ogg will discuss allaspects of termite biology and management.The goal of this workshop is to help consum-ers make better decisions about termitecontrol. Cost: $20. (BPO)

Termite ControlWorkshop May 22

LancasterCounty 4-H and 4-HCouncil are proud toannounce SaraMorton as thewinner of the May�Heart of 4-HAward� in recogni-tion of outstandingvolunteer service.

Sara has beenthe organizationalleader of the Rabbits�R� Us 4-H club forfour years �leading monthlymeetings, volunteer-ing at the County Fair and helping organize the yearly RabbitClinics and Spring Show. Prior to being the leader, she wasinvolved in the club for four years. Sara is also involved withthe Wee Amigos 4-H club. Her children, Zach, age 16, and

NEBLINEThe

4-H & Youth

May 2003 Page 8

MAY

Sara Morton

JULY 30�AUGUST 3

2003

LANCASTER COUNTY FAIR

LANCASTER COUNTY FAIR NEWS Lancaster 4-H Council is sponsoring Discover4-H theme night at the Lincoln Saltdogs

Baseball home game against Kansas City onFriday, June 20. Game starts at 7:05 p.m.

Haymarket Park(located near 6th & Charleston streets)

4-H�ERS SHOULD GATHER AT 6 P.M.on the promenade north of the main gate

Discover 4-H Theme Nightat Saltdogs June 20

There will be many 4-H fun activities, including:� 4-H�ers will parade onto the field prior to the game

� Free �Discover 4-H, Discover You� temporary tattoos� Lancaster County 4-H�er Grace Farley will sing the National Anthem

� Members of the Wittstruck family, a three-generation 4-H family, will throw the first pitch� Winners of the 2003 Lancaster County Public Service Announcement (PSA) Contest �Alyssa Fiala, Sean Badeer, and Terra Thomson � will give public address announcements

Lancaster County 4-H will be selling June 20th Saltdogs tickets to 4-H�ers, families & friendsthrough June 13. To buy your tickets, stop by the UNL Lancaster County Extension

office, 444 Cherrycreek Road, Suite A, Lincoln.Tickets are $4 per person for general admission/grass berm seating.

After June 13, tickets are available from the Saltdogs ticket office or at the gates.

Tickets for 4-H�ers on Sale Now Through June 13

Tickets will be available at the gate, but Saltdogs encourages 4-H�ers to buy their tickets ahead of timethrough Lancaster County 4-H in case the game gets sold out.

How to Exhibit at theCounty Fair

New leaders, experiencedleaders, 4-H members andparents are invited to a leadertraining on Monday, May 19,9:30 a.m. and 7 p.m. at theLancaster Extension EducationCenter. Note this date change.Come and receive informationon static exhibits, tips forhome environment projects,contest information, newproject information, the in�sand out�s of interview judgingand other valuable county fairfacts. Call 441-7180 by May16 to RSVP. (TK)

The former Family &Consumer Science (FCS)Judging Contest is changing itsformat. This year it will be calledLife Challenge.

The senior division is foryouth 12 and over. This LifeChallenge event will occur onMonday, June 30 and Tuesday,July 1 in Lincoln on EastCampus of UNL. Participantswill compete as a team in one ofthe five possible challenge areasand individually in placingclasses. Topics for the seniordivision challenges includeFoodworks, You�re the Chef,Shopping in Style, DesignDecisions and Business Sense.Workshops of interest will beheld throughout the 2-day eventnot as a part of the competition,but for educational enjoyment.Small entry fee is required.Ribbons will awarded.

A seperate junior divisioncontest for youth 11 and underwill be held Thursday, July 10,1 p.m. at the Lancaster Exten-sion Education Center. It willconsist of a written test as wellas an oral question given to ajudge. Topics for the juniordivision include Health A -Discovering Myself, The Sitter,

Quality AssuranceTraining

If you need to getcertified in quality assurance,please plan on attending theQuality Assurance workshopon Thursday, June 5, 7 p.m.at the Lancaster CountyExtension Education Center,444 Cherrycreek Rd. This is arequirement to show livestockin our county! If you haveany questions, please callDeanna at 441-7180. (DK)

Lamb TaggingIf you need your market

or breeding lambs tagged, callDeanna to set up an appoint-ment. All lambs need to betagged and identified no laterthan June 15. (DK)

Livestock AffidavitsReminder-All livestock

affidavits are due into theextension office by 4:30,June 15. (DK)

Two Sewing SeminarsScheduled

Hancock Fabrics, 6800 PSt., Lincoln, will present demon-strations on zippers, pillows,grading seams, buttons andmore on Sunday, May 18, from3�4 p.m. These presentationsare designed to help 4-H�ers inSewing For Fun and ClothingLevel 1 and 2. You�ll be amazedhow these ideas can reallyimprove your projects. There isno fee, but call 464-3935 byMay 14 to pre-register.

The second presentation willbe Sunday, June 1, 3�4 p.m.The project Decorate Your Dudswill be presented. Learn aboutpainting, machine embroidery,applique, beading and lots more.Bring sources and/or ideas!There is no fee, but call 464-3935by May 28 to pre-register.

FCS Judging ContestReplaced with Life

Challenge Event

see HEART OF 4-H on page 11

Wanted � 4-HLivestock JudgersAre you interested in

becoming a member of theLancaster County livestockjudging team? If so, please callDeanna at 441-7180 by June 1.Once we have some teamsformed, we will schedule somelearning workshops and attendarea judging contest. (DK) Premier Animal

Science Events (PASE)Coming Soon

The Premier Animal ScienceEvents will take place Monday,June 30 and Tuesday, July 1,in the Animal Science facilitieson East Campus of the Univer-sity of Nebraska-Lincoln. This isopen to any 4-H�er wanting tolearn about animals, meatselection or careers in agricul-ture.

During this event you willhave the opportunity to partici-pate in one or more contests orworkshops. Activities are asfollows: livestock judging,livestock quiz bowl, meats forconsumers judging, dairy cattlejudging, poultry judging, chickenand turkey BBQ contests and thetractor driving contest.

For more information, go tothe Animal Science Web site at4h.unl.edu/animalsci/#judging orcall Deanna at 441-7180.

A free Lancaster County Pre-DistrictHorse Show will be held Saturday, June7, 9 a.m. at the Capital City Horse andPony Club, 14500 N. 14 St., Lincoln. Theshow will run in district format. 4-H�ersof all ages are welcome to participate.

Classes are: English Pleasure, EnglishHorsemanship, Western Pleasure, WesternPleasure (Ponies), Western Horsemanship, Reining, PoleBending and Barrels.

Rain Date is Saturday, June 14 at the Lancaster EventCenter, 84th & Havelock, Lincoln. For more information,please call Ellen at 441-7180 or Joyce at 486-0335.

More than 286 entriesfrom 37 counties representedtheir county 4-H program atthe recent Southeast District4-H Speech Contest held atthe University of Nebraska-Lincoln on April 12.

Congratulation to theLancaster County 4-H�erswho were among the medalwinners!

In the Senior PublicSpeaking Division, ConnieLemke with her speech �Is ItOver?� was one of the top

Lancaster 4-H�ers Win Medals at District Speech Contestseven speakers and will advanceonto the State 4-H SpeechContest held in August tocompete for scholarships.

Intermediate Public Speak-ing Division winners includedSean Badeer with his speechentitled �I Love a Good Rodeo!�

Junior Public Speakingwinners included Preston Badeerwith his speech �DOS DummyProof.�

Senior Public ServiceAnnouncement winners includedAlyssa Fiala with �Lights,

Camera, Action!� (KarenClinch received special recog-nition with �4-H Shopping inStyle�).

Intermediate PublicService AnnouncementDivision winners included SeanBadeer with �4-H Warning.�

Junior Public ServiceAnnouncement winnersincluded Terra Thomson with�Buggy About 4-H,� RyanKeys with �4-H Camps� andHannah Spencer �Step RightUp to 4-H.�

Attention Shoppers and Six EasyBites. Youth will receive ribbonsand a fair premium.

If you are interested inparticipating in either contest,please contact Tracy by June 1for more information. (TK)

Pre-District Horse Show June 7

Wear your

4-H garb!

Back to School

Fun in KitchenBabysitting Basics

Floral FunFishy Topic

Perfect Pies

Burps & Slurps!

Chenille

Stamping

Serving Up Service

Ukrainian EggsStickers & Tattoos

Color GalleriaTable Setting

Fishing Fun

Summer Crafts Money

Face Painting3 R�sClover College is four days of �hands-on� workshops

full of fun and learning! Youth may attend as manyor as few workshops as they wish.Youth attendingworkshops that overlap the lunch period may bring

a sack lunch. Food will not be available(unless otherwise stated in the workshop description.)

If you have questions, contact Tracy Kulm at 441-7180.

Clover CollegeTue., June 24�Fri., June 27

To register, complete the registration form (one person per form) and return with payment (checkor money order made payable to Lancaster County Extension). Registrations must be received by June16. They will be handled on a �first come� basis and will only be accepted upon receipt of fees. Earlyregistration is recommended. Telephone registration not accepted. All fees are non-refundable unlessa class is filled to capacity or canceled.

Mailing or bring registration form and payment to:UNL Lancaster County Extension, 444 Cherrycreek Rd., Ste. A, Lincoln, NE 68528

Name __________________________________________________ Age _________________________

Parents Name(s) ______________________________________________________________________

Address ____________________________________________________________________________

City _____________________________ State ________________ Zip _________________________

Daytime Phone _________________________________ Evening Phone ________________________

Special Needs (allergies, etc.) ___________________________________________________________

Workshops to attend: _________________________________________________Fee ____________

_________________________________________________Fee ____________

_________________________________________________Fee ____________

_________________________________________________Fee ____________

_________________________________________________Fee ____________

_________________________________________________Fee ____________

Total ____________I give permission to use my child�s name/photograph in publications,advertisements, news articles or Web sites pertaining to 4-H. ❏ yes ❏ no

Parent/Guardian Signature: ____________________________________________ Date:_____________

Open to 4-H & non-4-H youth ages 5�16

4-Day WorkshopsClover Kids CampClover Kids will participate inseveral hands-on activitieswhile learning about animals,food fun, science, the out-doors and more. Refresh-ments provided for thisworkshop.TUE�FRI, 8AM�12:15PMAGES: 5-7FEE: $25INSTRUCTORS: Multipleinstructors

Rockets... Countdown toFamily Fun3...2...1...blast off! Have youever wanted to build a rocketand launch it? Come to thisworkshop and receive a rocketkit and one engine.TUE�FRI, 8�10AMAGES: 8-12FEE: $9INSTRUCTOR: Ron Suing,4-H volunteer

Bird Seed FeederFly in and make a bird houseor feeder! Learn basicwoodworking skills, learnabout habitats for backyardanimals. All materials will beprovided for this four-dayworkshop.TUE�FRI, 12:45�2:45PMAGES: 8 and upFEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: ShirleyCondon, 4-H volunteer

3-Day WorkshopInsect Collecting forBeginnersIn this three-day workshop,learn the most common insectorders and make your ownstarter collection. You willcollect aquatic insects socome dressed to enjoy theoutdoors! This class is foryouth who did not attend thisworkshop last year.WED�FRI, 12:45�2:45PMAGES: 10 and upFEE: $20 (some suppliesincluded)INSTRUCTOR: Barb Ogg,Extension Educator

2-Day WorkshopsPuppets on ParadeIn this two day workshop, youwill get creative in makingseveral different kinds ofpuppets, learn a little bit aboutthe history of puppet perfor-mance and put on a perfor-mance of your own.WED�THU, 8�10AMAGES: 8 and upFEE: $7INSTRUCTOR: Brenda Fiala,4-H volunteer

Fun with ScrapbookingUse scrapbooking techniquesto create a bound anytimecalendar. Bring 12 photos,1 appropriate for each month.THU�FRI, 10:15AM�12:15PMAGES: 9 and upFEE: $10INSTRUCTOR: Kitt Saathoff,owner of A Page in Time and4-H volunteer

Say it with PostersLearn how to visually tell astory with posters. Use

lettering, graphics and color tocommunicate a clear message.THU�FRI, 12:45�2:45PMAGES: 8 and upFEE: $3INSTRUCTOR: Vicki Jedlicka,Extension Assistant

Under the Hood:Getting a Jump Start onAuto MechanicsGet a handle on what�s underthe hood, learn how to change aflat tire, jump start a car andwhat to do in several emergencysituations. Preventive mainte-nance, such as how to check tirepressure, filters, and fluids.TUE�WED, 3�5PMAGES: 12 and upFEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: Robert Fox,4-H volunteer

1-Day WorkshopsPerfect PiesPractice making perfect piecrusts and even learn somedecorative techniques in thishands on workshop.TUE, 8�10AMAGES: 10 and upFEE: $5INSTRUCTORS: Brenda Fialaand Cindy Fiala, 4-H volunteers

3R�s - Reduce, Reuse,RecycleLearn about Shopping S.M.A.R.T(Save Money and Reduce Trash)and make treasures from trash.TUE, 10:15AM�12:15PMAGES: 9 and upFEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: Lorene Bartos,Extension Educator

Sensational SummertimeCraftsCome and explore your creativeside in this summertime artsand crafts hands-on workshop.TUE, 10:15AM�12:15PMAGES: 8 and upFEE: $5

Fishing FunHike on over to the �CrawdadHole.� Bring along your fishingpole, complete with line, hookand bobber for some ol� fash-ioned fishing fun at a nearbystream. Extra tackle is optional.Bait provided as well as a�wormy snack� for humans.TUE, 12:45�2:45PMAGES: 9 and upFEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: David Smith,Extension Technologist

Design Your Own Stickers& TattoosDesign your own stickers andtemporary tattoos which will bescanned into a computer andprinted on specialty paper.TUE, 12:45�2:45PMAGES: 8 & upFEE: $7INSTRUCTOR: Vicki Jedlicka,Extension Assistant

A Fishy TopicJoin us and we will swim in thefun! We will create a Beta fishbowl and learn about fish andplants.TUE, 3�5PMAGES: 8 and upFEE: $8INSTRUCTORS: DeannaKarmazin, Extension Associate &Julia French, Extension Intern

Babysitting BasicsLearn the basic skills needed tobe a responsible and creativebabysitter. Focus is on activities,making snacks and toys.TUE, 3�5PMAGES: 11 and upFEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: Lorene Bartos,Extension Educator

Fabulous Face PaintingLearn how to do fabulous full facepainting from face painterextraordinaire, Matilda Belle.Starter paint kits will be availableto purchase for $10.WED, 10:15AM�12:15PMAGES: 12 and upFEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: Jhoni Kuceraa.k.a. Matilda Belle,4-H volunteer

Money, Money, MoneyLearn the basics of banking andhow to spend and save wisely.WED, 10:15AM�12:15PMAGES: 10 and upFEE: NoneINSTRUCTOR: TierOne Bank,Clocktower Branch

Ukrainian Easter EggsLearn the art of Easter eggmaking the Pysanky way. An oldart using wax during the dyeingprocess to make beautifuldesigns. Full of meaning andbeauty, the Pysanky eggs are aneasy and fun art to learn.WED, 12:45�2:45PMAGES: 12 and upFEE: $4INSTRUCTOR: Julie Lantis,4-H volunteer

Fantastic Floral FunDid you ever want to learn how tomake fantastic floral arrange-ments? Learn from a floralarrangement expert how to createa visual symphony of colors,textures and shapes. Takehome your own fantastic floralarrangement.

WED, 3�5PMAGES: 10 and upFEE: $12.50INSTRUCTOR: Gary Tharnish,Burton Tyrrell�s Flowers

Fun in the KitchenIt�s easier than it looks to shapespeciality bread and rolls. Learntechniques through this hands-onworkshop.WED, 3�5PMAGES: 11 and upFEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: Lorene Bartos,Extension Educator

Getting Set for the TableSetting ContestCome and learn everything youneed to know to participate in thetable setting contest. You�ll alsomake a homemade centerpiece.THU, 10:15AM�12:15PMAGES: 8 and upFEE: $5

Creating ChenilleLearn how to make beautifulchenille. Bring your sewingmachine, white thread and12" ruler. Also bring blunt endedshears if you have them.THU, 3�5PMAGES: 10 and upFEE: $4INSTRUCTORS: Diane & MarieSpomer, 4-H volunteers

Style RevueStyle Revue will be here soon!Come to this workshop and learnnew styling procedures andpractice your modeling technique.THU, 3�5PMAGES: 8 and upFEE: No charge

Burps and Slurps!Do you burp and slurp at thetable? Do you know which fork isfor your salad? Can you properlyintroduce yourself to a stranger?If you would like to add a touch ofclass to your dining techniques,join us for food and fun!THU, 3�5PM

CLOVER COLLEGE REGISTRATION FORM

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00�10:00

10:15�12:15

12:45�2:45

3:00�5:00

WORKSHOP DESCRIPTIONS

Rockets...

Puppets

��

Bird Seed Feeder

Insect Collecting

Under the Hood

Scrapbooking

WORKSHOP SCHEDULE

All workshops held at Lancaster Extension EducationCenter, 444 Cherrycreek Road

Posters

Clover Kids Clover Kids Clover Kids Clover Kids

Rockets... Rockets... Rockets...

Puppets

Clover Kids Clover Kids Clover Kids Clover Kids

Scrapbooking

Bird Seed Feeder Bird Seed Feeder Bird Seed Feeder

Posters

Insect Collecting Insect Collecting

Under the Hood

Style Revue

AGES: 10 and upFEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: DeannaKarmazin, Extension Associate& Julia French, Extension Intern

Back to SchoolCome and create an originalbook cover, a one of a kind penwith clay and a fun bookmark.FRI, 8�10AMAGES: 8 and upFEE: $2.50INSTRUCTOR: Geri Ripa,4-H volunteer

Your Color GalleriaLearn how to look your best bywearing the right colors. Makeyour own color book in thisinteractive and fun workshop!Bring empty 4x6 photo albumand fabric scissors.FRI, 10:15AM�12:15PMAGES: 8 and upFEE: $8INSTRUCTOR: JackieZimmerman, Full ImageConsultant

Serving Up ExceptionalServiceAre you looking for ways tobecome more engaged in thecommunity? Through interac-tive learning experiencesparticipants will find out aboutNational Days of Service andother community serviceopportunities, State Fairexhibits, resources andrecognition.FRI, 3�5PMAGES: 8-16FEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: Janet Fox,Extension 4-H Youth Develop-ment Specialist

Simply StampingMake a variety of cards andgifts using rubber stamps.AGES: 8 and upFRI, 3�5PMFEE: $5INSTRUCTOR: Jan Wagner

FULL

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May 2003 NEBLINEThe

Community &Home Living

Page 10

Note: This article is part ofa series spotlighting the variousNeighbors Working Together(NWT) neighborhoods. NWTcreates a supportive networkfacilitating leadership andcollaboration across 13 neigh-borhoods adjacent to bothcampuses of the University ofNebraska.

Spotlight on a Neighborhood: ClintonWilliam Freitas

Graduate Student

Arlene Hanna, ExtensionAssociate at UNL CooperativeExtension in Lancaster County,received a Continuing ServiceAward at the Ventures in Partner-ships (VIP) annual Spring AwardsCelebration on April 28. Theaward is VIP�s highest honor,given to individuals who haveshared their excellence for nearlya decade of service.

VIP is a Lincoln PublicSchools program linking busi-nesses, organizations, serviceclubs and governmental agencieswith schools, curriculum depart-

ments, grade levels or special projects.Lois Mayo, Curriculum Specialist for Science at Lincoln

Public Schools nominated Hanna. �Arlene Hanna�s understand-ing of environmental realities has led her to spearhead theearth wellness festival each year since its inception nineyears ago,� said Mayo. �Twenty-seven thousand fifth gradersknow more about the earth thanks to this effort.�

Hanna, co-chair of earth wellness festival (ewf),brought together 11 Lancaster County education resourceagencies to create ewf. �The earth wellness festival closelyties with the Lincoln Public Schools� fifth grade science uniton Water and Wetlands,� said Mayo.

Hanna is program director of the 4-H School Enrichmentprojects in Lancaster County, which are part of the UNLCooperative Extension 4-H Youth Development program. Morethan 58 Lancaster County schools, including all LPS schools,participate in 4-H School Enrichment science projects.

Garbology, one such project, is a core subject in the LPSsecond grade curriculum. Mayo noted, �Arlene wrote theoriginal Garbology curriculum in 1991, assisted in the recentGarbology curriculum revision, and presents numerousprograms on Garbology to second graders.�

Regarding her award, Hanna comments, �I�m honored toreceive the Continuing Service Award. It�s exciting to be partof VIP initiatives, which bring elements of the communitytogether to educate youth. What I enjoy most about my workare the students. When I�m in the classrooms, they ask themost amazing questions. They understand the importance ofbecoming stewards of the earth and change their behavioraccordingly.�

EXTENSION HIGHLIGHTS

Keith Dey (right), president of Lancaster 4-H Council,recently presented Charlie Willnerd (left), president of theLancaster County Agricultural Society, with an $835 checkfrom the Lancaster 4-H Foundation, custodian of the DorothyWiechert memorial funds. At the request of the Wiechertfamily, these funds will be used for a memorial plaque andbrick in her name and the planting of a long-life tree at theLancaster Event Center � home of the Lancaster County Fair.Dorothy Wiechert was a longtime 4-H supporter, member ofLancaster Extension Board, 4-H Council representative, Familyand Community Education (FCE) Council member and officer,and a 4-H leader for many years.

Lancaster Event Center Receives DonationFrom Dorothy Wiechert Memorial Fund

Arlene Hanna ReceivesContinuing Service Award

The Clinton neighborhoodwas first settled between 1864and 1879 by pioneers who eitherpurchased land from the U.S.Government or acquired land byfarming under the HomesteadAct. The Homestead Act, whichbecame law on January 1, 1863,allowed citizens over 21 to filefor 160 acres of free, unappro-priated public land. The landbecame the person�s property atthe end of five years, providedhe or she had built a house on it,dug a well, plowed 10 acres,

The Nebraska LEAD Program is a comprehensive, two-year, statewide, agricultural leader-ship development program designed to speed up the leadership development process to betterprepare the problem solvers, decision makers and spokespersons for both agriculture and theState of Nebraska.

Through monthly, three-day seminars the program promotes awareness, understanding andinvolvement in leadership positions at all levels. A national and international study/travel seminar isalso a part of the program. Up to 30 individuals are annually selected from across Nebraska. Theprogram is sponsored by the Nebraska Agricultural Leadership Council, Inc. in cooperation withthe Institute of Agricultural and Natural Resources of University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

fenced a specified amount andlived there for the five years. In1897, the Clinton area wasannexed into the city of Lincoln.Many of the neighborhoodstreets � Leighton, Baldwin,Potter, Merrill � are namedafter early settlers of the area.By the early 20th century, therural aspect of Clinton had beenreplaced by a more industrialcharacter. Many residents of theneighborhood during this periodlikely worked for the railroad,giving the area a largely blue-collar population.

The neighborhood�s mosthistorically significant structureis the Carnegie Library, built in1909 at 27 & Orchard Streetsand moved in 1992 to a new sitesouth of the 27 Street viaduct.The building now housesNeighborhoods, Inc., a non-profit organization that helps lowto moderate-income residentsbuy homes. The neighborhoodstill conserves some of thebeautiful houses built alongHoldrege Street in the early

1900s so residents would haveaccess to the electric trolley thatoperated down that busythoroughfare.

Today, the University ofNebraska�s two campusesborder the neighborhood on theeast and west and the JohnDietrich Bike Trail runs alongClinton�s northern boundary.Many recreational opportunitiesas playground equipment, abaseball diamond, volleyballcourt, soccer field and picnicareas can be found in theneighborhood�s many parks:Penzer, Lintel, Nevin, Woodsideand Fleming Fields. The Salva-tion Army Center is a hub foryouth activities and offersbasketball courts, pool tablesand electronic games.

The Clinton NeighborhoodOrganization, active since 1967,promotes many projects in theneighborhood. It sponsors anannual clean up in the spring,publishes a newsletter three

While credit providesconvenience and added buyingpower to America�s pocketbooks, it also has become afertile ground for scams anddeceptions � so it�s importantthose who use credit know howto avoid being taken advantage of.

Through the Truth inLending, Fair Credit Reporting,Fair Debt Collection Practicesand other federal acts, creditusers are promised certainlending conditions. Liabilitylimits on credit cards, timelypayment processing and non-threatening debt-collection, areall rights promised to creditusers, but none of the rights canguarantee against credit scams.By following a few suggestions,borrowers can avoid and correctcredit problems.

One of the best ways forindividuals to avoid creditproblems is paying attention tothe small print before signing

anything. Lenders are required togive certain information, such asthe annual interest rate and thetotal finance charge, so borrow-ers should make sure they readand understand all of the infor-mation given before they acceptcredit offers.

Another way to avoid creditscams is for credit card users toprotect the privacy of their cardnumber. Credit card numbersshould never be given out overthe phone unless the persongiving the number placed thecall, receipts should be savedand checked against statementsand lost or stolen cards shouldbe reported immediately. Anyunused credit card informationsuch as new applications,outdated cards and cash advancechecks should be destroyed.

If something unknownappears on a credit card state-ment, individuals should makesure to find out what it is.

Fraudulent charges often can beeliminated or reduced if they arehandled promptly.

One final way to avoidscams is for credit users toremember credit problemscannot be erased from credithistories. Often advertised arethe �credit repair clinics,� whichpromise to rebuild credit. Inreality, there is nothing thesecompanies can do to changenegative information on a creditreport. While those seeking toescape from bad credit may findthese advertisements appealing,borrowers should remembernothing the company might docan take away what the bor-rower himself has already done.

For more information oncredit laws and scams, consultthe UNL Cooperative ExtensionNebFact, �Credit: Advantages,Disadvantages and CommonTypes,� NF02-517, available atlocal extension offices. (LB)

Credit Users Should Avoid Scams

The Nebraska LEAD Program(LEADERSHIP EDUCATION/ACTION DEVELOPMENT)

Are you a candidate?

Qualifications

� Be a resident of the state of Nebraska for the past three years.� Be willing to commit the time necessary for full participation.� Be actively involved in production agriculture or agribusiness.� Be motivated and open to new ideas and differing points of view.

Application DeadlineApplication deadline is June 15, 2003Applications may be requested by calling (402) 472-6810

The Nebraska LEAD ProgramUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln318 BioChem HallLincoln, NE 68583-0763See our Web site at www.ianr.unl.edu/lead.

see CLINTON on page 11

May 2003 NEBLINEThe Page 11

Miscellaneous

4-H Camps AreFilling Fast!

Open to all youth ages 5�19

Time is running out tomake plans to attend thisyear�s 4-H summer camps!

There are 36 campingprograms to choose fromwith activities such asbackpacking, fishing,mountain biking, rappelling,dancing, canoeing and arts& crafts. Camps range fromone to five days and arelocated at one of threeNebraska 4-H campfacilities.

The following campsare offered at the EasternNebraska 4-H Center inSchramm Park near Gretna:

June 3�5 Discovery Camp Ages 8�10June 6�7 Take a Friend, Make a Friend Ages 8�10June 8�12 Boldy Bound Ages 11�14June 9�12 Biking Bound Ages 11�14June 14 Kids-N-Critters Ages 5�7 w/chaperoneJune 15�18 Niobrara Canoe Trip Ages 15�18June 20�22 Junior Leader Weekend Ages 15�18June 29�July 2 Discovery Camp Ages 11�14July 7�9 Splash Bash Ages 8�10July 10�13 Discovery Camp Ages 11�14July 14�17 Outdoor Skills Ages 11�14July 18 Kids-N-Water Ages 5�7July 29�31 Dismal River Trip Ages 15�19

Camp fees range from $18 (Kids-N-Critters/Kids-N-Water)to $250 (Niobrara Canoe Trip).

For camp descriptions, registration forms and moreinformation, visit online at 4h.unl.edu or pick up a camppamphlet at the Lancaster County Extension office. Don�tdelay your registration!

The Eastern Nebraska 4-HCenter near Gretna is pleased toannounce a special weekendevent for all teen leaders. TheJunior Leader Weekend isscheduled for June 20�22 and isopen to all youth ages 15�19.

Nebraska CooperativeExtension 4-H Youth Develop-ment will provide specializedleadership development pro-grams. Kelly Krambeck, 4-Hcenter director, and Janet Fox,4-H youth specialist, will presentinformative sessions regardinginterpersonal communication and

Junior Leader Weekend at EasternNebraska 4-H Center, June 20�22

leadership styles.Many other hands-on

leadership development activitiesare planned.

Participants will also havemany opportunities for fun andrelaxation, including canoeing,rappelling, climbing and bowling.The weekend will be topped-offwith a dance.

Junior Leader Weekend isone of 36 4-H camps offeredthis summer. For more informa-tion or registration forms, visit4h.unl.edu or pick up a camppamphlet at the extension office.

How does four days of fun-filled biking through the beautifulbluffs of the Platte River sound?The new Biking Bound Camp isan action-packed biking eventfor youth ages 11-14. The campwill be held June 9-12 at theEastern 4-H Center.

The Nebraska DownhillRacing Team, a regional racingteam, and the Omaha SafetyCouncil will present a variety ofdemonstrations and programs onthe latest equipment, skills andsafety considerations needed fora top-notch biking experience.

The Nebraska DownhillRacing Team will give two daysof instruction on basic andadvanced mountain biking andwill finish off the camp with anevening of trick riding!

Campers may bring theirown helmet and bike or thecamp will outfit.

Biking Bound is one of morethan 36 4-H camps offered thissumer. For more information orregistration forms, visit4h.unl.edu or pick up a camppamphlet at the extension office.

New Biking Bound Camp June 9�12� The Ultimate Experience for Youth!

Emily, age 13, are members ofRabbits �R� Us. Emily is also amember Wee Amigos.

Bob Dresser, parent of a 4-H�er in Rabbits �R� Us, nomi-nated Sara saying, �Sara is verypositive about 4-H and eachindividual�s participation. Sheincludes each person in theactivities and encourages eachperson to express his/her viewsand suggestions. She hasorganized each meeting sopersons learn about conductingand participating in a meeting.�

Sara says she likes being a4-H volunteer because, �It is funto teach kids to have fun andlearn responsibility at the sametime. 4-H is such a good organi-zation that I feel it is importantto give back what I had learnedfrom it as a kid myself.� Sarawas a 4-H member for nineyears.

She enjoys helping theyounger kids in the club. �Theyare so eager to learn and partici-pate, and when the fair is herethey want to take and doeverything. I also try to encour-age the older members to gainsome leadership skills by helpingand encouraging them as well.�

The Rabbits �R� Us clubran the dunking booth at lastyear�s county fair. Sara says,�Everyone had fun even though

HEART OF 4-Hcontinued from page 8

times a year and the board meetsevery first Monday of month.The neighborhood association isalso supporting Clinton Elemen-tary School by collecting�General Mills� box tops.General Mills pays cash toClinton for all the box tops theyreturn. The money is used by theschool for educational materialsand the kids even get to helpwith suggestions on how themoney is spent.

Another project the commu-nity is involved is the Free toGrow: Approaches for a Sub-

CLINTONcontinued from page 10

stance Abuse-Free Community.Through Lincoln Free to Grow*,Clinton neighborhood residentshave been working with severalpartners to implement newprojects. There are three majorprojects currently underway:Strengthening Multi-EthnicFamilies and Communities isa project that gives parents anopportunity to discuss and shareparenting concerns with otherparents. Our HOUSE (HelpingOthers Using Support andEducation) is a project designedto help families deal with dailychallenges and frustration bysupport and education in buildingon personal strengths. Neigh-borhood Watch Groups is aproject providing residents anopportunity to address safetyconcerns.

Clinton neighborhoodresidents are looking forward toJanuary 2004, when CEDARSNorthbridge Community Centerwill open its doors at 27 andHoldrege Streets. The new17,500 square-foot facility willhouse basic community serviceslike childcare services, after-school services, health careoutreach, job training andplacement, English and GEDclasses.

* For more information onLincoln Free to Grow, contactLincoln Action Program at471-4515.

there was work involved. Thefair always is a lot of work, butthe fun is what you remember.�

Married to Todd Morton for20 years, Sara works atBryanLGH Medical Center. Sheis involved in their children�sschool activities and is a boardmember of the Capital CityHorse & Pony Club.

Sara�s favorite way to relaxis watching baseball or goingcamping in the Sandhills.Something most people don�tknow about her is she loves bigband music.

Congratulations to SaraMorton. Volunteers like her areindeed, the heart of 4-H!

❖ ❖ ❖

Parents who wanttheir children to use theInternet safely � andto learn while havingfun � will want tocheck out a new onlineresource that will letkids �camp out� allyear long �goCyberCamp�! TheWeb site providesyouth with a windowto nature, the outdoorsand camp culture ineducational but game-like settings.

Youth age 8 to 12are able to participateas �virtual campers�from wherever theyare: At home, an after-school program, thelibrary, a communitycenter or local YMCA,grandma�s house, orsome other place withaccess to the Internet. The Website requires no special software,so registered campers need only�hike� across the keyboard andbring their own sleeping bag andmarshmallows.

At goCyberCamp, childrencan go to:� The Lake where they can build

a fish at the Fish Factory,� The Woods to play Memory

Games, such as matching uptree cones to their trees andanimals to their animal tracks,

� The Meadow to launch arocket at Rockets Away,

� The Campgrounds to lend ahand in the Recycle Race,

� The Campfire to listen to campsongs and stories, or

� The Gallery to submit theirown songs, stories, and

Virtual Camp Blends Learning,Fun and Technology

artwork.Special spring-related

activities are highlighted in�Spring Fling,� which includes�Egg Cam� from the Universityof Nebraska CooperativeExtension in Lancaster County�sWeb site. �Egg Cam� gives Websurfers a bird�s-eye view asbaby chicks hatch from incu-bated eggs.

goCyberCamp was devel-oped by the Center for 4-HYouth Development, part of theUniversity of Minnesota Exten-sion Service, which workedclosely with faculty and stafflocated at land grant universitiesaround the country, including theUniversity of Nebraska. TheAT&T Family Care DevelopmentFund is funding the Web site�s

development and start-up with a $1.3 milliongrant.

The University ofNebraska Communica-tion and InformationTechnology departmentis providing the technicalexpertise to makegoCyberCamp possible.

Campers will be ableinteract with other�campers� who areregistered to use the siteand can elect to becomepart of a virtual cabin �that is, a small group ofchildren and an adultcamp counselor whomeet online regularly.These cabins are meantto foster some of thecamaraderie childrenwould experience at anactual summer camp.

In order to provide asafe online environment, accessto the Web site is limited toregistered, authenticated camp-ers and staff. goCyberCamp is a�closed site,� meaning there areno links to other external Websites. Additional security forcampers is provided through�bots,� computer programs thatautomatically monitor the onlineinteractions to prevent inappro-priate language, for example.

Campers and care providersmay sign up to joingoCyberCamp at no charge byvisiting lancaster.unl.edu.Campers must obtain a parent orlegal guardian�s permission toenroll, and care providers alsomust obtain the parent orguardian�s permission for eachchild to participate.

Page 12May 2003 NEBLINEThe

Extension CalendarAll programs and events will be held at the Lancaster Extension Education Center unless otherwise noted.

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Mary Abbott, Extension Assistant, mabbott3@unl.eduLorene Bartos, Extension Educator, lbartos1@unl.eduMaureen Burson, Extension Educator, mburson1@unl.eduTom Dorn, Extension Educator, tdorn1@unl.eduSoni Cochran, Extension Associate, scochran2@unl.eduWilliam Freitas, Graduate Assistant, wfreitas2@unl.eduMary Jane Frogge, Extension Associate, mmcreynolds1@unl.eduArlene Hanna, Extension Associate, ahanna1@unl.eduAlice Henneman, Extension Educator, ahenneman1@unl.eduDon Janssen, Extension Educator, djanssen2@unl.eduDeanna Karmazin, Extension Associate, dkarmazin2@unl.eduEllen Kraft, Extension Associate, ekraft1@unl.eduTracy Kulm, Extension Associate, tkulm1@unl.eduVicki Jedlicka, Publication & Media Assistant, vjedlicka2@unl.eduMardel Meinke, Extension Associate, mmeinke2@unl.eduBarb Ogg, Extension Educator, bogg1@unl.eduAndrea Ohlrich, Extension Assistant, aohlrich2@unl.eduBoshra Rida, Americorps*VISTA, brida2@unl.eduZainab Rida, Extension Assistant, zrida2@unl.eduKendra Schmit, Extension Assistant, kschmit2@unl.eduDavid Smith, Extension Technologist, dsmith9@unl.eduJim Wies, Extension Assistant, jwies1@unl.eduDana Willeford, Extension Assistant, dwilleford2@unl.eduKaren Wobig, Extension Assistant, kwobig2@unl.edu

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THE NEBLINE is published monthly by:University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County

Main Office444 Cherrycreek Road, Suite A, Lincoln, NE, 68528-1507

Satellite OfficeLancaster Event Center

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Phone: 441-7180Web site: lancaster.unl.edu

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MAY12 4-H Horse VIPS Committee Meeting, Lancaster Event Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 p.m.15 4-H Rabbit VIPS Committee Meeting, Lancaster Event Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 p.m.16 Deadline for 4-H District/State Horse Show Entries � I.D�s & Level Tests17 Composting Demonstration, City Yard Waste Composting Demonstration Site,

50th & Colby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8:30 a.m.18 4-H Sewing Seminar, Hancock Fabrics, 6800 P Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3�4 p.m.19 4-H Leader Training � How to Exhibit At the County Fair . . . . . . . 9:30 a.m. & 7 p.m.22 Everything Homeowners Need to Know about Termites & Termite Control 6:30�9:30 p.m.

JUNE1 County Fair 4-H Horse Identifications Due1 4-H Sewing Seminar, Hancock Fabrics, 6800 P Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3�4 p.m.3 4-H Council Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 p.m.5 4-H Quality Assurance Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 p.m.7 Pre-District 4-H Horse Show, Capital City Horse and Pony Club, 14500 N. 14 St 9 a.m.8 Dine Out for 4-H CWF, Don & Millie�s, 5200 S. 56th Street . . . . . . . . . 11 a.m.�4 p.m.9 4-H Horse VIPS Committee Meeting, Lancaster Event Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 p.m.13 Extension Board Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 a.m.15 County Fair 4-H Sheep/Goats/Swine/Breeding Beef/Bucket Calves/

Dairy Cattle Identifications Due17 4-H Demonstration Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:30 p.m.17�20 District 4-H Horse Shows � East, Hemingford, Valentine, McCook, Lexington20 Saltdogs �Discover 4-H, Discover You� Theme Night Baseball Game . . . . . . 7:05 p.m.23�26 District 4-H Horse Shows � West, Pierce, Beatrice, West Point, Columbus24�27 4-H Clover College27 Pesticide Container Recycling Collection, Firth Co-op, Princeton . . . . . 9 a.m.�3 p.m.30�1 4-H Life Challenge / Premier Animal Science Events (PASE), UNL East Campus

In the Ruminant Nutrition session, students watched asExtension Educator Monte Stauffer obtained rumen

contents through a fistula, or plug, which was surgicallyimplanted in a cow used for research by the University of

Nebraska-Lincoln Animal Sciences Department.

More than 400 fourthgraders from 10 schools at-tended the Ag AwarenessFestival April 1 and 2 at theLancaster Event Center, Lincoln.Students gained a greaterunderstanding of agriculture andhow it impacts their daily lives.

Classrooms rotated betweenthe following 12 interactivestations: Grain Products, GrainBy-Products, Farming Technol-ogy, Swine, Horticulture, Horse,Dairy Production, RuminantNutrition, Goat Production andProducts, Dairy Calves, BeefProducts, Beef Produc-tion and Food Safety.New this year was GoatProduction and Prod-ucts (products madefrom goats).

The Ag AwarenessCoalition, led by Univer-sity of NebraskaCooperative Extension,organizes the festivalwith the help of agricul-ture businesses, com-modity associations andfood industry compa-nies. This is the thirdyear the festival hasbeen held in Lincoln.

Ag Awareness Festival TeachesYouth Importance of Agriculture

Extension Educator Barb Ogg (aboveright) demonstrated the value of

farming technology by having kids usea corn grinder patented in 1909 to see

how much corn they could grind inone minute. Students concluded it was

hard work! Students also got theopportunity to climb on a combine

and three tractors.

In addition to learning about thecare requirments for dairy calves,students had the opportunity tomeet a three-week-old calf up

close(left).

Libby Lugar (back center) of the UNLAnimal Science Department taught students

about different breeds of horses.