The nature educational trail „Return to nature"
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Transcript of The nature educational trail „Return to nature"
1. The nature educational trail „Return to nature"
A mining site provides a great variety of
landscapes and habitats that present low
disturbances from human activities. As a
leading cement and aggregates producer,
HeidelbergCement is committed to managing
biodiversity during and after extraction. In
more than 1000 quarries and pits worldwide
we strive to promote the exceptional local flora
and fauna. Through this proposal, which was
created under The Quarry Life Award we want to
raise the knowledge of the biological value
of mining sites and contribute to further
enhancing it.
We invite you to walk our nature trail.
If you want to know more download the application
The trail includes 15 point stops:
1. Welcoming board,
2. The historical alley of oaks
3. The area before exploitation,
4. Representative ecosystem,
5. Ruined reinforced concrete bridge
over the Bóbr River,
6. The diagram of aggregates,
7. The moraine hills in Turów,
8. Safety by the water,
9. Evaluation of the quality of water
and reading their state,
10. The Swans Island,
11. Viewpoint,
12. The monumental oaks,
13. The venerable Douglas fir,
14. The area after exploitation-
the directions of reclamation,
15. The world of plants and animals .
The proposed trail is the result of the work under the project "Valorization of the natural
environment, the educational and pro-ecological activities in the area of the Nowogród
Bobrzaoski Natural Resources Mine" submitted to 2nd edition of the Quarry Life Award.
2. The historical alley of oaks
Our educational nature trail starts in the alley
of historical red oaks (Quercus rubra). This
RETURN TONATURE alley is formed of 50 specimens of trees, and
the circuit in diameter at breast height, ie. at
the height of 130 cm, is within the range
from 194 to 366 cm. Selected specimens
reached monumental dimensions. The height
of the tallest tree is 23 m .
Did you know, that ...
This species originates from the eastern part
of North America, where it is the most common
species of oak and in Poland it is an introduced
species. It was brought to Poland in the
nineteenth century and as an invasive plant was
dangerous for the native flora.
You are here
If you want to know more download the application
3. The area before exploitation
RETURN TO NATURE
Did you know, that.
Several cycles of the glaciations
occurred in the Pleistocene,
during which the Polish area was
partially or almost completely
covered by the continental
glacier. The ice sheet grew and
http://www.adam.krynicki.net/lo/mapy/pol_lodowiec.jpg
melted periodically during this
time, that is why the Pleistocene
glacial and glaciological
sediments are almost all over the
country.
Zeki Lake and the Area
Before Exploitation in 2010
The limits of glaciations
in Poland
The regular aggregate mining started
in 1963. The Bóbr River and the local
system of the drainage of the
ditches formed primarily the
hydrography of the area till this time.
Gradually, the mining was moving
from the flood barrier in the east
(about 500m), and then in the
northern direction (about 1000m).
You are here
There was not a water reservoir in the place of
the current aggregate operation a few years ago.
The reeds grew and the water birds nested near
the shoreline of the existing reservoir called the
Turowski Lake ( Zeki). The tanks established in the
mine area in an artificial way, enrich the
hydrography of the land.
If you want to know more download the application
4. Representative ecosystem
More than an obligation
Representative ecosystems are areas
RETURN TONATURE dedicated to the nature dominion,
left intentionally with no human
interference. In the State Forests,
in hampered-access terrains, forestry
is not provided. In such terrains timber
is left to natural decomposition, which
contributes to the increase
of biodiversity in forest ecosystem..
Did you know, that
In timber may live:
•1500 species of fungi,
•1300 species of insects,
•More than 100 species
of invertebrates.
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In 2012 in local Forest Range of Krzystkowice due to the stormy weather big damages were noticed.
The nearest forest also suffered. Many trees were
uprooted or damaged. The left timber is a very
important element of forest ecosystem.
If you want to know more download the application
5. Ruined reinforced concrete
bridge over the Bóbr River
RETURN TO NATURE
The bridge visible in the pictures and
marked on the map was from
1937. It is the East Bridge.
It connected the old Theuern
City (today Turów) with the
Zeschau city (today Cieszów)
across the island on the Bóbr
River and the West Bridge.
The East and West Bridges were built in the early twentieth century.
Both have a reinforced concrete structure. In 1945, German troops blew
up a few bays on both bridges. They prevented the Russians the access
to the munitions factory, located in the nearby forests.
You are here
Did you know, that
The Bóbr River has its origin in the Izerskie
Mountains in the East Karkonosze, near the town
of Bóbr in the Czech Republic. The river in the
whole of its course (272 miles) retains
the character of a mountain river, to the mouth
of the Odra River. The levees were built
in the years 1933-1936. The utensils of water
in the river reach a height of 7 m.
If you want to know more download the
application
6. The diagram of aggregates
RETURN TO NATURE
Did you know, that
The deposit of the natural
aggregate forms the quaternary
sediments of the accumulation
of the river developed
as a sandy- gravel forms and
multigrain sands. The aggregate
is extracted from the bottom
of the water reservoirs.
You are here
If you want to know more download the application
7. The moraine hills
in Turów
RETURN TO NATURE
Did you know, that
Polish moraine hills are
mainly in the lake districts, as
a result of glacier activity.
In Poland, the highest
elevation of the moraine is
Wieżyca in Pomerania.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1GIlZa6nsgI/UNS6jTmkqRI/AAAAAAAAAGE/z6s-vSNVQ9s/s1600/lskan.jpg
moraine Lake ribbon lakes
glacier
less
sandur
glacial valley
sandur
frontal moraine
benthic moraine
You are here
The landscape scheme formed by the glacier
Rock material deposited by a glacier
or moved under its pressure, creates
the diverse forms, such as hills, knolls,
embankments, etc.
If you want to know more download the application
8. Safety by the water
RETURN TO NATURE
Water, so hospitable for anglers,
charming with its beauty composed
in the landscape, has a power,
which requires respect and
imagination.
Disrespect of nature has already
taken a heavy toll of human
recklessness.
You are here
Do not disregard that ban! It
is not a coincidence that
there are so many warning signs
along the lakeside. Swimming
in gravel-pit waters is very
dangerous: these reservoirs are
18 m deep, and locally may be up
to 26 m. The shores are steep and
can slide causing a threat.
Do not give in to the fatal temptation. Not far away from here, there is an equally
beautiful and safe place, it is a bathing beach
which meets the conditions for safe resting
by the water.
If you want to know more download the application
9. Evaluation of the quality of
water and reading their state
RETURN TO NATURE
Water analysis is an assessment of physic-chemical
parameters, as well as the biological assessment
of water quality based on the indicator organisms.
The indicator species may be a single species
or a group of species from the group of Protista,
plants and animals. Their presence or absence,
and the level of abundance are the evidence about
the state of water quality Did you know, that
The water gauge
is used for the
measurement
of water levels.
Its most important
Selected
physico-
chemical
parameters
of water
Tanks
during
operation
Tanks
during
operation
component is
the gauge patch
and scale.
pH
Hardness
6,4
soft water
6,8
You are here
Clearness
Cl2-
[mg/l]
SO4 2-
[mg/l]
medium
0,8
200
large
0
It is worth noting that the process of operation does not
significantly affect the physic-chemical parameters
of water.
If you want to know more download the application
10. The Swans Island
Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) is one of the largest
bird species in our country. The breeding area
of this species was restricted RETURN TONATURE to the north - eastern Poland and Silesia at
the beginning of the twentieth century.
The expansion of the species throughout the
country has begun since 1950s.
You are here
Mute swan nest is a large platform built with
aquatic plants, mostly located on the edge of the
reeds, but slots are also created on the island or
in open water.
If you want to know more download the application
11. Viewpoint
RETURN TONATURE
The area is located in
the river valley,
surrounded by meadows, forests and
farmland.
The viewpoint is located on the top of the moraine hill with gentle
slopes and low altitude.
The landscape is anthropogenic, which
means that changes in the environment were created as a result of human activity.
In the mine area the effect of this activity is the creation of water reservoirs.
The mining area is expanded.
IT IS Clean air
The area around the mine is characterized by high
biodiversity.
Green forest Blue water Silence
IT IS NOT
Polluted air
You are here
The water reservoir is subjected to reclamation.
Dying forest Polluted water Noise
In addition to the beautiful
views of the area around the
mine , it has other visionary
qualities, as seen above.
If you want to know more download the application
12. The monumental oaks
A natural monument is a legally protected creation
of nature, especially valuable
RETURN TONATURE for the scientific, historic, cultural and other
reasons. According to data from 2010
the number of natural monuments
in Poland was 36 316.
The marking
of natural
monument
You are here
Oaks with monumental dimensions growing near
the mine buildings belong to the species
of English Oak Quercus robur. There are
two specimens with dimensions of circuit
DBH - 421 and 355 cm. Thicker oak tree has a
height of 27 m.
If you want to know more download the application
13. The venerable Douglas fir
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii was
introduced to cultivation in Polish forests
RETURN TONATURE in 1833 and is considered to be one
of the most valuable species of foreign origin.
It grows up to 100 m in height in the areas
of Northern America from where it was
brought. It reaches a maximum height
of approx. 50m in Poland.
You are here
Stately, venerable Douglas fir,
growing in the area around
the mine operating circuit,
has a trunk diameter at breast
height 238 cm and height - 18 m.
If you want to know more download the application
14. The area after exploitation-
the directions of reclamation
RETURN TO NATURE
Did you know, that
Reclamation is the
restoring of the usable
and natural values of
the devastated
and degraded areas by
the human activity.
Methods of recultivation of water
reservoirs are:
• removal of water bottom layer of
the lake,
• flushing,
• artificial aeration of lakes,
• inactivation of phosphorus,
• treatment and disposal of
sediments,
• removal of seston (suspension),
• economy of macrophytes,
• fishing biomanipulation.
You are here
The area around the mine is
an attractive place of active
recreation and relaxation. The
swimming pool, water
reservoir were established
and stocked by the Polish
Angling Association. Gradually
the area is changing into the
shaped land of the ecosystem.
If you want to know more download the application
15. The world of plants
and animals (I)
Biodiversity includes all living organisms
RETURN TO NATURE
Did you know, that
in the analyzed area. All species play a role
in a complex system, which is the natural
environment, including the human. You can see
hundreds of interesting species of plants and
animals, including the protected species in the mine
and around the area.
Protection of species of plants is
a legal way to protect rare, wild
plants threatened with extinction.
THE PROTECTED SPECIES
SHOULD NOT BE DESTROYED,
PICKED, COLLECTED, SOLD,
PURCHASED AND TRANSPORTED
ACROSS THE BORDER OF THE
COUNTRY, ONE SHOULD NOT
DESTROY THEIR HABITATS!!!
Did you know, that
The plant located on the Red List of plants and Polish fungi,
in a group of species at the risk
of extinction- the rock cinquefoil Potentilla rupestris L.
The plant partially protected occurring in the mine -
the buckthorn
Frangula alnus
Invasive species is an alien species that spreads rapidly
and is a threat to the flora and fauna of the ecosystem, competing
with native species for ecological niche, as well as contributing
to the extinction of native species, for example robinia acacia
or loosestrife common.
You are here
Robinia acacia Robinia pseudoacacia
Viola tricolor L Campanula patula L
The species of the spring flora, which feast
our eyes on the colours- the Paradise
for insects, are represented numerously
in the area of the mine.
If you want to know more download the
application
Lythrum salicaria
15. The world of plants
and animals (II)
One of the vulnerable groups of animals RETURN TONATURE are amphibians. 10 species, including frogs
of the genus Pelophylax, Rana, Hyla, natterjack toad
Epidalea calamita and toads Bombina species,
were inventoried in the mine area.
Edible frog Pelophylax kl. esculentus
The sand lizard Lacerta agilisi
and viviparous lizard Zootoca
vivipara, the Slow Worm Anguis
fragilis and the grass snake Natrix
natrix were found in the group
of reptiles.
You are here
Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus
Natterjack toad
Epidalea calamita
Sand lizard Lacerta agilis
More than 180 species were
determined in the group of birds.
The bats dwelling in this area are
noteworthy particularly.
If you want to know more download the application
WORK CARD
The Nature Trail
"Return to Nature"
1. There is a great variety of landscapes and habitats in the mine area little disturbed by
the human activity. Which company manages over 1000 quarries and mines
around the world, including the mine aggregate in Nowogród Bobrzański and
promotes the protection of biodiversity through the organization of the "Quarry
Life Award"?
.
…………………………………………………………………
…………………….
2. This species comes from the eastern part of North America, where it is the most
common species of oak. It is an introduced species in Poland. It was brought to Poland
in the nineteenth century. It belongs to the invasive plants - dangerous for the native
flora. Give the name (Polish and Latin) of the tree, whose leaves and fruit you
can see in the drawing.
.………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. The deposits of minerals in Nowogród Bobrzański are the results of the glacier
activity. When did the exploitation of the aggregate begin in the mine?
.
…………………………………………………………………
4. There were big damages caused by the hurricane winds in the local Krzystkowice
Forest District in 2012. They also affected the nearby forest. Many of the trees were
uprooted or broken. The left dead wood is an important component of the forest
ecosystem. This whole area is called the representative ecosystem. Can we carry out
cleanup works (for example, remove the broken branches) in the area of the
representative ecosystem?
.
…………………………………………………………………
5. The landscape that we can see in the mine area was formed as a result of human
activity. How can we determine the character of this landscape - the landscape
transformed by man?
.
……………………………………………………………………
………………….
6. What does, the plaque with the image of our national emblem, ie. the eagle on
the green background, placed on the tree, mean?
.……………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….
7. The area around the mine is an attractive place of active recreation and rest. The
bathing beach was built there and the water reservoirs are restocked by the Polish
Angling Association. What is called the human activity that seeks to restore the
utility and natural values of the devastated and degraded sites?
.
……………………………………………………………………
8. Name the two protected species of plants and four protected species of
animals in the mine area.
.
………………………………………………………….
.
………………………………………………………….
.
………………………………………………………….
.
………………………………………………………….
9. Two specimens of this species growing in the mine area are of monumental
dimensions. At what height was the circumference of these trees measured and
what kind of tree is this?
………………
The Work card was prepared by K. Walińska.