The Nation Divided. Growing Tensions Over Slavery.
33
The Nation Divided Chapter 14
-
Upload
abner-moore -
Category
Documents
-
view
248 -
download
0
Transcript of The Nation Divided. Growing Tensions Over Slavery.
The Nation Divided
Chapter 14
Section 1Growing Tensions Over Slavery
If Then Who Benefits?
The Wilmot Provisopasses,
1. slavery will be banned in all territory from theMexican-American War that becomes part of theUnited States; slave states will be outnumberedand weakened.
North
Lewis Cass (Democrat)becomesPresident,
2. Citizens of each territory or state will vote for themselves whether to be free or slave
Both North and South
The Debate Over Slavery and States’ Rights
Let’s think:What was the Missouri Compromise?
If Then Who Benefits?
Martin Van Buren(Free-Soil) becomesPresident,
3. The southwest will come in entirely free
North
Zachary Taylor(Whig) becomesPresident,
4. As a Whig he might favor slavery and the South
South
The Debate Over Slavery and States’ Rights
Martin Van Buren Zachary Taylor
If Then Who Benefits?
California entersthe Union as afree state,
5. Free states gain a majority in Congress, so Southerners can’t block anti-slavery laws
North
The Debate Over Slavery and States’ Rights
*Let’s Think:Why was California entering the Union a controversy?
If Then Who Benefits?
Fugitive slave lawsare enforced,
6. slavery is enforced in the North and the South.
South
The Debate Over Slavery and States’ Rights
If Then Who Benefits?
Henry Clay’sproposals areaccepted,
7. according to Calhoun, the South would be exposed to continued attacks on slavery and there would be two ways to preserve the South’s way of life: a constitutional Amendment to protect states rights’ or secession
Neither
The Debate Over Slavery and States’ Rights
If Then Who Benefits?
Slavery remainsan unresolvedissue,
8. Bitter debate will continue to divide the nation
Neither
The Debate Over Slavery and States’ Rights
Section 2Compromises Fail
Proposed by Henry ClayTerms:
California admitted as a free stateSlave trade banned in nation’s capitalPopular Sovereignty would decide slavery in
the rest of the Mexican Cession.Southerners got a tough new fugitive slave law
Goal of Compromise:To end slavery crisis by giving supporters and
opponents of slavery some of what they wanted.
Compromise of 1850
Let’s Think:Why was slavery in Washington D.C. such an important issue?
Terms:Government officials may arrest any person
accused of being a runaway slave by any white person.
Suspects had no right to a trial.Northerners were required to help authorities
capture accused runaway slaves if asked.Results:
Most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850
Thousands of northern African Americans fled to Canada.
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Written by Harriet Beecher StoweRaised attention to slavery in the North
Made slavery not just a political issue, but a moral/human issue
Let’s Think: What impact did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have in both the North and the South?
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Proposed by Stephen DouglasTerms:
Slavery in the new Kansas and Nebraska territories was to be decided by popular sovereignty.
Results:Undid the Missouri CompromiseReopened the issue of slavery in territoriesNortherners outraged
Kansas- Nebraska Act of 1854
Let’s Think:-Why did southerners Support it?-Why were northerners angry with it?
Events:Both proslavery and antislavery settlers flooded Kansas
and wanted to hold the majority in the territory.Thousands of Missourians entered Kansas illegally to
select a territorial legislatures.Anti-slavery settlers held a second election.
Results:Kansas now had two governments.Violence broke out and earned Kansas the name
Bleeding Kansas.
Kansas Election of 1855
Section 3The Crisis Deepens
Dred Scott was an enslaved person who sued for his freedom.
Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B Taney ruled that Scott had no right to sue in federal court because African Americans were not citizens.
Slaves were property, and the property rights of their owners were protected in all states.
This meant Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory, and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
Supporters of slavery rejoiced at this ruling but northerners were shocked.
The Dred Scott Decision
Let’s Think:What were Taney’s 3 conclusions in the Dred Scott decision?
Occurred during Illinois Senate race in the year 1858.
Lincoln’s opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act led him to run as a Republican against Senator Stephen Douglas, the author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
The goal of the new Republican party was to stop the spread of slavery into western territories.
Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas Debates
Douglas’s stand on popular sovereignty:Each state has the right to choose slavery
if it pleases
Lincoln’s stand on African Americans:a) not socially and politically equal to white
peopleb) entitled to rights in the Declaration of
Independence
Lincoln’s stand on slavery:a) Morally wrongb) Would die out on it’s ownc) Can’t be allowed in the west
Lincoln’s position on the Union:In favor of the Union, Lincoln stated that
the country could not survive, “half slave and half free.”
Why do you think that debates between two candidates for Illinois senator were important to the whole country?
Let’s Think:
Who was John Brown?New England Abolitionist driven out of
Kansas for killing pro-slavery men there
His plan in 1859:Seize guns at Harper’s Ferry, give them
to slaves that joined him, lead them in a revolt that would eventually free all slaves
Southerners were worried because:Brown had support of northern
abolitionists, many in the North saw him as a hero
John Brown’s Raid
Let’s Think:What was the effect of John Brown’s raid?
Shows: John Brown and the clash of forces in Bleeding Kansas. A mural in the Kansas State Capitol, Topeka, Kansas. Painted by: John Steuart Curry.
The Last Moments of John Brown, by Thomas Hovenden
Section 4The Coming of the Civil War
There were four Democratic candidates in the electionNorthern Democratic candidate: Stephen
DouglasSouthern Democratic candidate: John
BreckinridgeConstitutional Union candidate: John BellRepublican candidate: Abraham Lincoln
The Election of 1860
Douglas Breckenridge Bell Lincoln
Although he did not receive a majority of the popular vote, Lincoln received enough electoral votes to win the election.
The election showed how fragmented (or divided) the nation was.
The Election of 1860
After South Carolina learned that Lincoln had won the election, it responded by seceding from the Union
Southern leaders who opposed secession:Tennessee Senator Andrew JohnsonTexas Governor Sam Huston
First state to secede from the Union: South Carolina
Secession
Name of the new southern nation: Confederate States of America
President of the southern nation: Jefferson Davis
Secession
Lincoln’s message to seceding states: he assured the seceded states that he meant them no harm and that he would not interfere with slavery where it existed
Response of seceding states to Lincoln’s message:RejectionThe seized federal property in their
borders
Secession
Lincoln’s plan to deal with the siege of Fort Sumter: send a supply ship with no guns, so southerners wouldn’t think he was attacking them.
South Carolina’s response to Lincoln’s plan: they fired on the fort, capturing it and starting the Civil War.
Fort Sumter
