CH. 14 THE HOUSE DIVIDED

1846-1861

JOHN BROWN

Father of 20 children, a drifter of sorts that has a rough life.

Anti slavery advocate, killed 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas May 24,

1856.

October 16, 1859 led an assault on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, but

was captured by Robert E Lee and his forces.

Brown proved to the south that people in the North would try and

start a slave rebellion.

The mason Dixon line divided the country and it was worse than

any political party.

THE BITTER FRUITS OF WAR

Country grew by 1.2 million square miles. From

What?

What happened in California and Colorado?

What is Comstock Lode? And where is it located?

Laws dealing with slavery.. Northwest Ordinance,

Louisiana Purchase, Missouri compromise 1820.

The issues of slavery in new territories was left up

to congress.

TERRITORIES AND SLAVERY

Wilmot Proviso- David Wilmot plan for free labor and no slavery

in the west., BUT he called for it to be “white free land not for

negros” This brought to light that Northerner’s were against

blacks not just slavery.

John C. Calhoun was for slave states in the west to keep the

numbers equal to Free states. The battle raged on.

Lewis Cass Popular sovereignty plan, territories would vote on

slave or free. The question became at what point in their

statehood.

ELECTION OF 1848

Democrats nominate Lewis Cass, Whigs nominate War here

Zachary Taylor. Neither party had slavery on their platform.

Charles Sumner starts the “Free Soil Party” a group of both

whigs and democrats that were anti-slavery.

Free soil party nominates Martin Van Buren as candidate.

Zachary Taylor wins the election, free soil party did not even

carry a state.

THE COMPROMISE OF 1850

Taylor wants to add California and New Mexico as free states.

Henry Clay wants to add California free but let slaves stay in other

areas until decided, but strengthen the fugitive slave law.

John Calhoun states by adding California you kill the equality and the

south will secede.

Daniel Webster called for a compromise.

Omnibus Bill- was the compromise, but it was voted down.

Compromise of 1850- California free state, New Mexico and Utah

territories decide by vote, Texas gets 10 mil for Boundary with New

Mexico, Slave trade ended in DC. Millard Filmore approves. He is

president since Taylor died.

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT

Slave owner were allowed to enter free states to retrieve

their property.

Harriet Tubman underground railroad.

To retrieve a slave had to appear in front of a commission

and claim that slave, all men were supposed to assist in

capture of slave.

The north started trying to free slaves into Canada and

south complained they were not following Compromise.

UNCLE TOMS CABIN

Harriet Beecher Stowe, wrote the novel, she was

never on a plantation.

The book sold 2 mil copies and hit the heart of the

free north.

Because of here writing more literature comes out

about slave life.

Southerner’s denounced Stowe and her book as

wrongful accounts as she had no first hand

knowledge of slave life.

KANSAS- NEBRASKA ACT

Franklin Pierce wins election and ends the Whig party as a successful

party.

Wants Cuba, but North says no because of slavery.

Gadsden purchase, bought Arizona and present day New Mexico from

Mexico for 15 mil.

Wants to build transcontinental railroad through the south.

Stephen Douglas creates Nebraska, and throws Indians out, and

making it a territory, but had to be free under Missouri compromise.

Gets passed with Kansas and Nebraska where they will decide by vote

to be free or slave.

POLITICAL PARTIES

Anti-Immigrant party that had lots of success at

the state level was called the American party, or

know nothing party.

Anti-slavery group called the Republicans come out

after the Kansas- Nebraska act.

Election of 1856: Republicans- John C Fremont,

Democrats- James Buchanan, Know nothings- Millard

Fillmore.

Buchanan wins, but Republicans make huge

strides.

BLEEDING KANSAS

2 Legislatures form in Kansas, one free and one

slave. Could not get along and the guns come out.

May 21, 1856 Proslavery raid on Lawrence Kansas.

John Brown kills 5 in Pottawatomie.

Charles Sumner is beat by Preston Brook in the

capital building.

Guerilla warfare breaks out.

DRED SCOTT VS STANFORD

Supreme court case that stated Dred Scott was not

free even though he was taken to free states.

Stated Blacks were not considered citizens but

property.

Court also stated they could not exclude slavery in

territories.

This actually strengthens the republican party.

Dred Scott eventually bought and freed, but dies a

year later.

LINCOLN VS DOUGLAS

These two face off for a senate seat in Illinois.

These two had heated debates about slavery.

Lincoln believed slavery would die off in the south,

but Douglas Kansas-Nebraska act allowed slavery to

grow.

Douglas barely wins, but Lincoln steps on the big

stage.

Lincoln 6’4, douglas 5’6

ELECTION OF 1860

Douglas vs Lincoln # 2 this time for President.

Democrats have a split in their party which allows Lincoln

to win the election.

Because of Lincolns win, in 1860 South Carolina secedes.

Feb 4, 1861 South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama,

Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas created the Confederate

states of America and named Jefferson Davis as president.