THE MYCENAEAN AMPHOROID KRATER: A STUDY IN FORM, DESIGN AND FUNCTION

Volume 2: Illustrations

Christine Elizabeth Morris

Ph.D.

University College, London

1

-II

FIG.1. Tylissos.

2

FIG.2 Knossos. 1:4

•

FIG.3 Knossos.114

3

-

1.'1(;.1, Kno!;!;os

F[G.5

Karpatho!;

4

..... -

FIG.6 qatna

FI(;.7 Pyla-Verp,hf

5

6

-'---=-_._ .. - l \, ) - ,) .

\

~ 0 <'

" "---10

11

7

\ \

\ \

\ \

\

\ \ I

j .

12

I

\

/

/ /

.~

/

\ ~ \. ') ---' 525

J 'C lij

)J'~~j~ 13

8

I

I

t1l l!"\ ..... . .D

In .-. c:!)

1-4 • c:!) ~

1-4 ~

9

FIG.16

FIG.l7

FIG.iS

FIG.19

10

2

EXAMPLE:

FORM:

BODY PROFILE:

BANDING:

LIP:

NECK:

HANDLE FORM:

HANDLE DECORATION:

FOOT:

({(

Bull krater from Enkomi, French Tomb 2 [see 112.2].

FS 53.

conical-piriform.

band/line groups; 3 bands below frieze and on lower body.

horizontal, well-defined.

short, concave; sometimes with neck-ridge.

curving outline; ridged section; disc/laid on lower attachment; perforations.

3 vertical bands; circle of paint around disc.

torus; perforations.

******** FIG.20

1 1

3

EXAMPLE:

FORM:

BODY PROFILE:

BANDING:

LIP:

NECK:

HANDLE FORM:

HANDLE DECORATION:

FOOT:

~'1iI1I ,

Chariot krater, Tell Dan [*57]

FS 54.

advanced piriform.

3 bands below frieze and on lower body.

horizontal or sloping.

medium, concave/straight.

curving/straight outline; ridged/lightly ridged section; atrophied or ceramic lower attachment.

2 or 3 vertical bands; semicircular loop to neck.

torus; perforations.

********

FIG.21

12

&

EXAMPLE:

FORM:

BODY PROFILE:

BANDING:

LIP:

NECK:

HANDLE FORM:

HANDLE DECORATION:

FOOT:

Chariot krater, Enkomi [*167]

FS 55.

advanced or heavy piriform.

3 bands below frieze, sometimes 2 on lower body.

sloping; sometimes poorly defined.

tall, straight.

straight outline; flat section. no perforations.

2 vertical bands, sometimes with additional design in centre. semicircular loop to neck.

torus; no perforations.

********

FIG.22

13

pole stay

FIG.23 Diagram of Aegean horqe and chariot.

I

......... , . ........ . ..... ..... • .... : !" .. .. ' .... ~ ............ :

CHARIOT BOX

I

m m

e.g.

square rounded

CIJ cr:J lingle double

I

~.$~~ GRJ @~Hm -leale t-shope oxhlde spots

FIG.24

14

CHARIOT

Design Element

1 Sub-Dellgn Element

J, Attribute State

I Ihape

outline

I surface fill

EB

........ '" . ........ . .... ..•. :':. :i:: .. 1' ........... :

WHEEL]

EB I

EBEBEBEBEB

1

relationship of box and wheel

2

FIG.25

3

FIG.26

15

CHARIOT

1 Sub- Design Element

L Attribute State

CHARIOT

structure

1. charlot floor

2. spotted quadrants

3. no floor

T rPE 1

TYPE 2

TYPE 3

TRACTION SYSTEM

FIG 27

16

, 1

TERRET

I 2

I I

I 3

base-neck mid-neck

1 2 oval base-neck

semicircular mid-neck

FIG.28

11

3 curvilinear mid-neck

Sub-Design Element

Attribute State

form

location

1 LOCATIO"N CODE

Subsidiary Design Elements

a - main frl.z.

b - below handl.

c - d.tached

d - pendant

e - abov .... b.low r.lns

f - b.low b.lly

g _ between tall ... legs

h - wh •• 1 quadrants

FIG.29

18

FIG. 30

Subsidiary Locat ion FM 1 2 3 4 Design Element Code

f J\.B 11 0000

~ ~ B.F 12 0000 0000 0000

~ II 12 0000

~~ A. B,F 15'1,8 0000

__ L

t .. 15: 10- 0000 0000 0000 11

t " 15,15- 0000

17

'I .. 0000 0000 00 18A

- ft f

. \ 0000 0000

i " ..

t ... ~t::.

,. . ' .. 1/ 0000 0000 ... , - " "

ItJi ~f~ B,C,E.F.G 0000 0000 ~.:: lac ,,"I~" .... ,'" ·,t'

~I~ e.F .. 0000 0000

(larger)

1 : LH IIIA2 early 0000 typical/common 2 : LH IIIA2 late (a) 00 3: LH IIIA2 late (b) ,occasional 4: LH IIIBl

19

Pig. 30 (contd.)

S.O.E. Location

Code FM 1 2 3 4

f 1 A B 0000 0000 '" 23

<ll)<q)~ A,B.C,E,F 0000

rowl group 25

~ isolated G 00 00 00;

00 •• 0

@ C,F.H 27 00 0000 0000 00 :.: ~@ •• or ... -

It »»)1) 8,C,E,F,G 58 00 0000 00

ev 0 33 0000

~ A 0 33-4 0000 00

BC E - 00 0000 0000 00 ",,,,,,, -

G 00 0000 00

."....~-.... A-C,E-G 48 0000 0000 0000 0000

00000 <l!:iwZ>CE> .. 0000 0000

~ C::;, C,E,G,H 27 0000 0000 0000

<S~ C!:2:) B,C 00 0000 .. uuuuu 45

0000 0000 0000 0000 C,E "1\",,", VA 59 NNNNN 60

~~ f C,E,H 73 00 0000

1 : LH IIIA2 early 0000 typical/common 2 : LH IIIA2 late (a) 00 occasional 3 : LH IIIA2 late (b) 4 : LH IIIB1

20

CHARIOT: List of vart:lhLe~ lIsed in Cluster Analysis.

CHARIOT BOX: 1. Shape - ~ql1f1 re 2. - rounded 3. Outline - dOllble 4. - single 5. Fill - spots 6. - spotted out tine 7. - large spatH 8. - oxhide 9. - scale

BOX/WHEEL REI.AT LONSHII': 10. Box floor shown b"hLnd whel'l 11. Spotted wheel qllfldrants 12. Spur

WHEEL: 13. Simple cross 1/~. lJouhle cross 1 5. Ou t 1 [ne dis c celt t 1- e 16. Solid elLsc cent,~e

17. Double disc centrf' 18. Spokes widening at Junction with felloe

TRACTION: 19. Pole 20. Type 1 pole stny/hraee 21. Type 2 pole 9t.1y/hraee

22. L-shaped 23. V-shaped 24. bAIHl ed 25. spotted 26. WAVY line 27. plaJ.n

28. Type 3 pole stay/hrace 29. separate pole stay and arcades 30. no pole stay, ;1fC':1<1(>9 ollly 3 1. arc a des [r () IR ,- e Ins

CONTROL: 32. Yoke projectIng 33. Yoke paf.nted

TERRET: 34. Oval 35. Semicircular 36. CurvilineAr 37. bAse of horses' IlPck 38. mid-neck 39. no terret

FIG. 31

21

S.D.E.: list of variables IJRed in Cluster Analysis.

See #5.6 for further details and FM cross-references.

1. Bi rd 2. Papyrus 3. Palm: naturalistic 4. Palm: simple 5. Palm: elaborate 6. Voluted flower: radiating bars 7. Voluted flower: concentric arcs 8. Voluted flower: segmented concentric arcs 9. Hybrid flower 10. Unvoluted flower, stemmed 11. Unvoluted flower, stemless 12. Unvoluted flower, large and stemless 13. Fish 14. Whorl shell 15. Shell (bivalve shell) 16. Dotted circle (sea anemone) 17. Rosette 18. Chevron group 19 Rock pattern: hatched loops 20 Rock pattern: pendant 21 Rock pattern: divider 22 Rock pattern/Tricurved arch 23. Parallel Strokes 24 Quirk: interlocking type 2S Quirk: chain type 26 Trefoil: simple 27 Trefoil: elaborate 28 U-motif 29 N-motif 30 V-motif 31. Lozenge 32 Stemmed lozenge 33 Stemmed disc 34 Stemmed spirals: opposed 3S Stemmed spirals: unidirectional 36 Stemmed spiral/Sacral ivy 37 Stemmed spiral/sacral ivy: elaborate 38. Vessels

FIG. 32

22

170 172

IS

<:: < 7.

79 1.1 1.9 17:1 1.7 94 174

171 I •• 79 SO 1.3

145 44

< 142 143 .4 141 25 53 95 :10 13 14. 49 27

•• 21 14 29 S2 15

• 70

• • ca ca CD ca ca • • • • ca • • • • • • • • • • • • o CD ca ca o • • CD ca CD o CD

• o o ca

J

-I

I

I I

J

<: Workshop

FIG.33: Dendrogram of Chariot data set.

23

170 • 145 • 172 • 161 • 70 CI <161 • 163 • I. CI

167 • 169 • 15 (t 146 • 71 (t 142 • 53 (t 143 • 95 (t 141 • I 13 0 14 0 15 0 6 0

-~ I I

<79 CI 77 CI 25 0 I 14 CI 174 • 173 • 171 • I

<21 • 29 • 57 • 27 • I I I

30 • 94 CI 52 • 50 • 44 • 64 •

o : LH IIIA2 early

J _ • TO TTT'~ ._._ 1_'

I

j

< Workshop

FIG.34: Dendrogram of S.D.E. data set.

24

170 145

~142 141 143 172 9S 1., ,.7 I •• 7. 14. 17$ 171

< 1.1 1.3 IS 2. ..

< 79 77 13 14 IS 25

• 14 53 174

< 2. 29 27 70 94 12 .. SO

<:

• • • • • • ct

• • • ct • • • • • ct GI ct ct ct o o o o o ct

• • • • • ct ct

• • • • •

I I I

J I

I I

I I J

I J I J

I I I o : LH IIIA2 early • : LH IIIA2 late (a) • : LH IIIA2 late (b)

I - --- -----

J I

FIG.35: Qendrogram of S.D.E. and location data set.

25

,~<,

I 0 \ ;1) J r; / .-'

L "'r' "

36

37

38

26

I I .. -~\, __

I I I

I I ,

3<)a (*1) 39h (*1]

I. ~ Ide A

------------ ~I~Ifl1r __ WII!IIIJ

4

40 [*2]

27

41 [*3J 42 [*4]

43 [*5]

44 [*6J

28

29

o .... iC

I

• I I I ::-.... I ~

, • 0'1

I

I I

30

-:t o ~

31

w I\)

54 [*17]

55 [*18]

58 [*22]

56 [*201

59a [ *25)

57 [*21]

59b [*25)

60 [*26]

61a [*27] 61h [*27]

33

62 [*28)

'" ..... ' ... , "'l ',"" '~'j ',:", ,' .

. :". ':,

63 [*291

34

/~::.:::., ~ ,

64 [*30]

65 [*32]

66 [*35]

35

67 [*36J

69 [*38]

~1 [*40]

73 [*43J

36

68 [*37]

70 [*39]

72 [*42]

74a · [*44]

74b [*44] 75 [*45]

76 (*46]

37

a

b

c

-----77 (*47]

38

I

I

I I I I

I

I

I

I I

78R.-b [*50)

79 [*51]

39

'. .', '·'W'" -, - ~ "f

80 [*52J

81 [*54J

82 [*55J

40

, . -

i7l' 83 [*56J

84 [*57]

41

85a-b [*58J

42

00 00

\0 00

43

0\ 00

90 [*63)

91 [*64)

92 [*65)

93 [*66)

44

94 {*67J

10 ~----.

,

95 {*69J

45

96 [*70)

97 [*71)

98 [*72)

46

100 (*74] 99 (*73]

101 (*75]

102 (*761

103 t*771

47

104 [*78)

lOS [*79)

48

106 [*8U]

107 [*81J

49

j

....[

108 [*84]

109 (*85]

50

-' : '.~'. " .,,,."., .. .'".~'.

110 [*86J

\

\~> I

/

l - - _ --~ (In

III [*87J

51

112 (*88]

113 (*89)

52

Ill. [*921

115 [*93]

116 [*94]

53

117 [1t95J

54

118 [*96)

,

120 [98)

55

119 [*97]

---

121 [*99] 122 {*100]

123 {*10 l ]

125 [*113]

124 {*1021

126 [*114] 127 [*1171

128 [*118] 129 [*1201

56

130 [*121)

~-~ ¢~

131 [*122]

132 (*124)

57

133 [*126]

13l~ [*127]

135 [*128J

136 [*129J

58

137 [*130) 138 [*131J

505.114,.

139 [*132) ll~O [*133J

l"-'---.... -'"---'_..- '- rt .-

141 [*13 11] 142 [*135J

59

14/, [*139)

RAS SIiAMRA_ (1930-39)

h.'c'" - ~ .

143 [*136.1

145 [*140]

60

147 [*142] 146 [*1411

148 [*143] ~ t49 [*144]

1

61

150 [*145J

151 [* 146 ]

62

152 [*147J

153 [* 14 8J

63 154 {*149]

155 l"'1S0)

157 (*152)

156 ["'1511

159 ["'1541

158 (*153]

160 (*155]

64

o 161 l*1561

162 1*157J

163 1*1581

165 (*160J

164 (*1591

65

l

/ (

I \ \

:.: .... /: ........ :.::::":<=:: .. ... \.: ............. : ... .

) l """'"

167 [*162J

166a- b [*161)

168 [*163]

66

I l

.~ ........ .. . .. ...... ' .. .. •• • ··t" ••. , ..... . .. .. . ... .

,. I,.. . .......... . ". ..- ',' .. ": ............ .

• • ... ,I ••••• _ ••

169 £*164]

171 [*1661

67

172a-b [*167]

6a

a

b

173a - b [*168]

69

a

c

b

174a-c [*169)

70

1 7 5a - b r * 1 70 J

176 r*1731

(Drawing bv B. M.llb<q: E'q.)

177 f*1741

178 [*175J

71

l79n [*1761

TilE CIIARIOT rOT rrom the Poros Wall. Drawing l>y Charles Williams . No. 7387. Case 18 (l>e1ow).

180 [*179]

17gb

181 [*199J 182 [*201)

184 [*203)

72

t 73

-;j"

o N -!C .

'" 00 .....

N o N -!C

("")

00 .-.

186 [*}1I1]

187 [*209]

188 [*258] 189 [*260]

190 [*263) 191 (*264]

74

1 Pylos

; ~i~;;:: ~~~~10 'V'.../ 0-t 4 Naf leo .,,, \l 5 As ine .. • 5:.. V ";::) . 6 Berbati ': '," <> 'V () 1/ I? ~ 7 Dendra

8 Corinth Cl 0 () 9 Aegina \) 4 0 .P 10 Athens a C/

Lefkandi 'I rJ f'"I..r::--,?a \J ........ ..., 0 12 AY~:o'li-Chan,a I ~ 1 3 Ka s - - L • <!) D '" 11 . Ir i ni, Ko; a ~ .. r? V- <::;:" rJ~

~ 14 Tylissos ~ ~ Knossos

1) . a

1 8 Ka .. P Rh 0 des

16 Mall~a I/; • athos t 17 Kommos •

1 - 100

9 I alvsos, ~ 20 Kos 0

1 Uiletus ~.~~s.~~

2 n km 22 Troy

MAP 1: Map of the Aegean showing sites referred to in the text and catalogue.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

""0/ 1 1 0) 12

13 1 4 15 16 17 18 19 20

Pyla Kokkinokremmos Dhekelia Pyla Verghi Aradhippou Kition Rala Sultan Tekke Shemishin 1 -.1':-'5 .16 Klavdia 13·

Maroni Kalavassos -- / .17

Kour ion Kouklia Myrtou-Pigadhes Stephania Lapithos

j -4

Kazaphani Ayia Paraskevi Enkomi Gastria ~ ~

0 10 20

Arpera Chiflik km

MAP 2: Map of Cyprus showing sites referred to in the text and catalogue.

~o

RnA ;'hl1mrn.

RIIII lbn IIlInt\

T~tl SlIkllll •

{ Tr I I Kn7.(, , •

Tyre •

Toll .h. R •••• /

A.Mod

Tell e1 AJJut! •

Lachhh • •

Tell ellh

Shari' •.

; .TellOall

• Amman

o 50 100 . km

MAP 3: Map of the Levantine littoral showing sites referred to in the text and catalogue.

77

~ CD

Turkey

c:l aDO .t:/ O'~ c!) dJ ~ C:>

c?1 Cyprus

Crete

MAP 4: Map of the Eastern Mediterranean showing the overall distribution of chariot kraters.

•

•

• ..

*

c ••••• d Crete

MAP 5.1 *1-5

*

Crete

5.2 * 28- 38

Turkey

c ••••• d SY"e

C,ete

5.3 * 50 - 51

79

e •• ,., 0 C,ete

*

MAP 5.4 * 57 - 65

o e,.,., O

5.5 *70-73

Turkey

e •• ,., 0

5.6 *77-80

80

/:'

CypruS 0' *

Crete

MAP 5.7

58 *146-152

c ..... d *

5.9

81