THE MUSLIM WORLD - ACHIEVEMENTS. Student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from...
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Transcript of THE MUSLIM WORLD - ACHIEVEMENTS. Student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from...
THE M
USLIM W
ORLD -
ACHIEVEMENTS
Student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 C.E. byCiting cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization
Essential QuestionsHow did Islamic civilization preserve and extend ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning?
What were some contributions of Islamic civilization?
OBJECTIVES
DamascusLocated in modern day Syria
Known for its fine cloth called damask and for outstanding steel and armor
Cultural center of Islamic learning
CordobaLocated in modern-day Spain Umayyad capital
Population of over 500,000Mix of Muslims, Christians, and Jews created a cosmopolitan atmosphere
Center of Muslim culture 70 libraries, 700 mosques,
and 27 free schools
RISE OF MUSLIM URBAN CENTERS
DAMASCUS CORDOBA
CairoLocated in modern-day Egypt
The Fatimid capital
City of BaghdadAbbasid capital
Selected in 762 C.E. along the Tigris river
100,000 architects, workers, etc. to build the city
At it’s peak a population of over 1 million
Unique circular design call the “round city” Three protective walls ringed the
city Caliph’s palace located in inner
most circle along with grand mosque
CITY BUILDING AND ARCHITECTURE
Muslim society was made up of four social classes Upper class
Born Muslim Paid least amount of taxes
Second class Converts to Islam Paid a higher tax that
upper class, but lower than bottom two classes
Protected people Christians, Jews, and
Zoroastrians Slaves
Prisoners of war, non-Muslims
Performed household work or fought in military
Role of women As believers, men and
women are equal according to the Qur’an
“Men are the managers of women’s affairs” and “righteous women are therefore obedient”
Shari’a law gave women specific legal rights concerning marriage, family, and property
More rights than European women of the time period
Could have access to education
Main responsibility was to raise children
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Advancement of scholarship Practical concerns
Relied on math and astronomy to calculate prayers times and the direction of Mecca
Deep curiosity Quest for truth that
dated back to Muhammad
Emphasis on study and scholarship
Protection of European knowledge Muslim leaders and scholars
helped to preserve and expand ancient knowledge from Europe, Persia, and India
Houses of Wisdom First library/academy
opened in early 800s in Baghdad
Translated works into Arabic
1ST universities
Arabic language Became the language of
learning and scholarship
MUSLIM SCHOLARSHIP
al-Razi Greatest physician of
the Muslim world Wrote encyclopedia
called the Comprehensive book
Believed patients would recover better if they were exposed to clean air
Hospital experiment
Astronomy Compasses used to locate
the direction of Mecca Figured out the exact times
for prayer and length of Ramadan
Study of Optics Used to develop telescopes
and microscopes
Geography Calculated Earth’s
circumference within 9 miles of its correct value
Produced a world atlas with dozens of maps
Compass
MEDICAL ADVANCES/ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Two major ideas introduced by Muslim Scholars Reliance on
scientific observation and experimentation
Mathematics as the basis of all knowledge
Spread Indian concept of zero used Arabic numerals
Al- Khwarizmi Born in Baghdad in
late 700s C.E. Studied Indian
sources rather than Greek
Wrote textbook explaining Algebra
Al-jabr
MATHEMATICS/ SCIENCE
Translated the works of the Greek philosophers into Arabic
Ibn Rushd Tried to harmonize
Greek writings of Aristotle and Plato with Islam
Was attacked by some religious thinkers
Argued both beliefs had the same goal- to find truth
Ibn Sina Most famous philosopherAll knowledge from God, had proof that the soul was immortal
PHILOSOPHY
Strong tradition of literature in Arabia before arrival of Islam Bedouin poets
Qur’an is the standard for all Arabic literature and poetry Poetry sang praises
of Muhammad and of Islam
The Sufis known for their poetry Focused on mystical
experiences with God
Popular literature The Thousand and
One Nights Collection of fairy tales,
parables, and legends
MUSLIM LITERATURE
Arab rich artistic traditions were enhanced by Islam Islam forbade
depiction of living things
based on the idea that only Allah can create life
Led to development of Calligraphy
Art of beautiful handwriting
Architecture Greatest cultural
blending Blend of Byzantine,
Persian, and European influences
Mosques Usually had a minaret
(tower) and a prayer room inside
Variety of design styles that reflected the diversity of Muslim lands
MUSLIM ART AND ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
DOME OF THE ROCK
THE GREAT MOSQUE IN MECCA
Muslim Cultural Achievements Muslim Scientific Achievements
Architecture Arabic numerals
Mosaics Algebra
Arabic Alphabet Medicine
Universities Expansion of geographic knowledge
Translation of ancient texts to Arabic