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www.ecn.nl
The MILENA gasification
technology for the
production of Bio-Methane
Methanation-Workshop
11 – 12 June 2013
Nuremberg
Christiaan van der Meijden
+31 644820177
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The Energy research Centre of
the Netherlands (ECN)
• Independent R&D centre for renewable energy.
• Partly financed by the Dutch government and EU government grants, and partly by contract R&D.
• Main products: technology licenses and contract R&D
• 600 staff
Petten (head office)
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ECN Bio-Methane vision
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ECN – Bio-Methane vision
• Biomass will become expensive, so overall efficiency is important
• Fuels: Wood residues + possibly agro residues
• Medium level of complexity accepted, because of gains in efficiency and reliability.
• Scalable technology
• Markets: – Transport (Bio-LNG, Bio-CNG), competing with Bio-Diesel, Bio-Ethanol
– Bio-SNG
• Competition with fossil natural gas without incentives or subsidies is not possible in the short and medium term.
• Long term – Co-production of chemicals (BTX, C2H4).
– Co-production of FT
• CO2 sequestration in the long term, in the short term CO2 venting.
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Becoming CO2 negative, long
term perspective
Natural Gas
Reserve
CO2 in
atmosphere
Biomass
Natural Gas Grid
Users
CO2 from
combustion of
Methane
800
+800 kton/y
CO2
Sequestration
Natural Gas
Reserve
CO2 in
atmosphere
Bio-Methane
Production plant
500 MW Bio-SNG
0.4 bcm/year
Bio-Methane
Biomass
CO2
CO2 to grow
biomass
Biomass
CO2 emissions from
transport, etc.
Natural Gas Grid
Users
CO2 from
combustion of
Bio-Methane
800
2000 250
400 kton/y
800
-550 kton/y
0.4 bcm/year
0.4 bcm/year
Short / medium term, no CO2 sequestration. CO2 is vented. Net CO2 reduction 550 kton-year compared to natural gas
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SCALE natural gas (equivalent) capacity
1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1 GW 10 GW 100 GW
102 103 104 105 107 108 Nm3/h
Digestion (biogas)
Small gas field
Shell GtL Pearl Qatar
Thermal gasification
Slochteren field (NL)
SNG plant CHP plant
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 bcm/y
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Bio-Methane
System efficiencies
7
53%
70%
58%
67%
64%
54%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
Entrained Flow CFB Indirect
effic
ien
cy
BioSNG
BioSNG and net power
Meijden, C.M. van der; Veringa, H.J.; Rabou, L.P.L.M.;
The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG): A comparison of three wood gasification systems for energy balance and overall efficiency
Biomass & Bioenergy (Elsevier), 2009.
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ECN – Bio-Methane vision
• Technology basics – Indirect / Allothermal gasification, because of complete fuel conversion and high
CH4 yield. No ASU required.
– Minimizing CH4 emissions by using amine scrubbing at low pressure for CO2 removal.
– Atmospheric / low pressure biomass feed
– Fixed bed adiabatic catalytic reactors.
• Development: – Lab-scale: gasifier, gas cleaning, methanation
– Pilot scale: gasifier, gas cleaning
– Demo scale: gasifier, gas cleaning, methanation, gas grid injection.
– Work done at smaller scale should be relevant for large scale, system will not change significantly after demonstration.
– Gasifier & gas cleaning also suitable for other applications (gas engines, etc.).
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MILENA gasification
technology
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MILENA Indirect Gasification
• Fluidized bed gasification
• Temperature level: 850°C
• Product gas contains methane, ethylene, benzene and tars
• Complete conversion of the fuel
• No carbon in the ash
• High efficiency
• Very little nitrogen in producer gas
• Heat transfer through bed material
• One single vessel: compact design. Limited
• Fuel flexible: wood, RDF, lignite, sunflower husks, etc.
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Milena Technology
test facilities at ECN
25 kW (~ 5 kg/h) 0.8 MW (~150 kg/h)
In operation since 2009 In operation since 2004, operation hours >> 5000
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Tested feedstocks
• Clean Wood
• Demolition Wood
• Straw
• Soya stalk
• High-ash coal
• Lignite
• RDF
• Sunflower husks
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Results 500 hour test of 1 MW
Milena + OLGA tar removal system
• Availability Milena 96%
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Gas composition 2012 duration test
Fluidisation gas is air
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OLGA Tar Removal System
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ECN OLGA gas cleaning
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Tondela, Portugal Tar dew point < 10°C No water pollution with tars!
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Bio-Methane system
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Bio-Methane process in more detail
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Cooler OLGA
HDSAdsor-
bents Reformer
Multi stage
fixed bed
methanation
Amine
scrubber
Dryer
Milena
Bio-Methane
Biomass
steamair ash
Cl + S carbon
dioxide
heavy & light tars
dust
Cyclone
Reformer: 550 – 600°C Endothermic reforming Exothermic methanation
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Pressurised HDS & SNG test rig
20
SNG: Lefthand and righthand view
HDS
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HDS results: thiophene conversion
21 L.P.L.M. Rabou April 24, 2014
High temperature & low gas velocity required for >95% conversion at 1 bar
Lower temperature & higher gas velocity allowed for >95% conversion at 6 bar
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Pre-reforming & Methanation
results
• Full conversion of BTX in syngas and CH4.
• Methane content according chemical equilibrium
• Several duration tests done, good results, acceptable decline in catalysts performance.
• Soot production can be suppressed.
• Commercially available catalyst selected
• Duration tests ongoing to optimize process.
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MILENA and OLGA
commercialisation with
Royal Dahlman
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Royal Dahlman
• Royal Dahlman is a Dutch company with approx. 100 staff
• Longstanding experience in filter technology, e.g. gas turbine inlet filters for GE.
• OLGA license from ECN in 2007
• First 4 MWth OLGA system build in France in 2008
• Second 4 MWth OLGA system build in 2010 in Portugal
• MILENA license for certain regions from ECN in 2013
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Project in Development in
Alkmaar, The Netherlands
• Preparations on-going since 2010
• Several changes in project / available subsidies over past years.
• 4 MWth MILENA and OLGA producing Bio-Methane
• Royal Dahlman will build the plant
• 23 M€ subsidy on Bio-Methane granted April 2014.
• Final investment decision in mid 2014
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Bio-SNG plant Alkmaar (NL)
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Conclusions
• MILENA + OLGA Technology proven on pilot scale using realistic fuels (demolition wood and wood chips).
• Availability of technology was increased significantly over past years, commercial partners are convinced that the technology can be operated under commercial conditions.
• Technology is now available from Dahlman. Three potential Bio-Methane projects in Europe.
• 1 MWe MILENA + OLGA under construction using Soya residue.
• Bio-Methane concept proven on lab-scale. – Several configurations and process conditions tested
– Several commercial catalysts tested
– Several duration tests done, results are sufficient.
– Duration tests will continue to optimize process.
– No scaling issues, fixed bed & adiabatic process.
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MORE INFORMATION
publications: www.ecn.nl/publications
fuel composition database: www.phyllis.nl
tar dew point calculator: www.thersites.nl
IEA bioenergy/gasification: www.ieatask33.org
Milena indirect gasifier: www.milenatechnology.com
OLGA: www.olgatechnology.com / www.renewableenergy.nl
SNG: www.bioSNG.com /www.bioCNG.com
Christiaan van der Meijden
ECN
Westerduinweg 3 P.O. Box 1
1755 LE Petten 1755 ZG Petten
The Netherlands The Netherlands
T +31 224 56 45 82 [email protected]
M +31 644820177 www.ecn.nl
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This work has been co-financed by the EDGaR programme on gas research in the Netherlands.
Acknowledgement