The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church

Missionaries – spread Christianity; religious travelers

Converting Germanic tribes

Monasteries – religious communities

Monks – gave up possesions and devoted their life to serving god

Nuns – same as above,lived in convents

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

Benedict – wrote a book describing a set of rules for monasteries

Scholastic – headed the convent and adapted same rules for women

A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day

MonasteriesMonasteries

• Became Europe’s best-educated Became Europe’s best-educated communities communities

• Opened schools, copied books, Opened schools, copied books, maintained librariesmaintained libraries

• Illuminated manuscriptsIlluminated manuscripts

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

Pope Gregory IPope Gregory I

• Under his authority the Under his authority the papacy (Pope’s office) papacy (Pope’s office) became a became a secularsecular (worldly) power (worldly) power

• Used church $ to raise Used church $ to raise armies, repair roads, armies, repair roads, and help the poorand help the poor

Power of the ChurchPower of the Church

POPEPOPE

ALL CLERGY – church officialsALL CLERGY – church officials

Bishops Bishops

Priests (people went to)Priests (people went to)

Unifying ForceUnifying Force

• Feudalism divided people Feudalism divided people

• The shared beliefs in the church The shared beliefs in the church united them togetherunited them together

• Stable force that provided securityStable force that provided security

Church terms:Church terms:

• Sacraments – Sacraments – important religious important religious ceremonies ceremonies – Baptism Baptism

• Canon law – church Canon law – church law law – Matters of marriage Matters of marriage

and religious and religious practices.practices.

Struggle for PowerStruggle for Power

Church VS. State Church VS. State

Pope Kings/EmperorsPope Kings/Emperors

Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire

• First ruled by Otto I First ruled by Otto I

• Worked very closely with the church Worked very closely with the church

Lay Investiture – King appoints church Lay Investiture – King appoints church officials officials

- church did not like this- church did not like this

Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VIIHenry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII

• 1075 Pope banned lay investitures 1075 Pope banned lay investitures

• Henry IV orders Pope to step down Henry IV orders Pope to step down

• Pope excommunicates Henry IV Pope excommunicates Henry IV

• People sided with the Pope People sided with the Pope

• Henry begged for forgivenessHenry begged for forgiveness

Concordat of WormsConcordat of Worms

• 1122 church alone appoints bishops 1122 church alone appoints bishops

• Emperor has the right to vetoEmperor has the right to veto

Advancements in AgricultureAdvancements in Agriculture

• Warmer climate Warmer climate • Switch to horse power Switch to horse power

– Better harness Better harness

• Three-Field System Three-Field System – Farm 2/3 of land, leave 1/3Farm 2/3 of land, leave 1/3

Food Production Increased Food Production Increased

Population GrewPopulation Grew

Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution

• Expansion of trade and business Expansion of trade and business • Fair Days Fair Days

– Trade goods Trade goods – Cloth most common item Cloth most common item

• Trade routes spread Trade routes spread • Need arose for credit Need arose for credit

– Banking became an important business Banking became an important business

Urban LifeUrban Life

• More trade = bigger towns More trade = bigger towns

• People were no longer content with People were no longer content with their feudal existence on manors their feudal existence on manors

• Serfs could get freedom if they lived Serfs could get freedom if they lived in a town for one year in a town for one year

• Created a new social classCreated a new social class

Merchant ClassMerchant Class

Revival of LearningRevival of Learning

• Crusaders brought back new technologyCrusaders brought back new technology• Universities – group of scholars Universities – group of scholars • People began writing in the vernacular People began writing in the vernacular • Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas – the most basic – the most basic

religious truths could be proved by logical religious truths could be proved by logical argumentargument– Wrote a bookWrote a book– Combined ancient Greek thought with Combined ancient Greek thought with

Christian thoughtChristian thought

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle Rounded Arches.

Barrel vaults.

Thick walls.

Darker, simplistic interiors.

Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

The Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor

SerfsSerfs at work at work

William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066

(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)

William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066

(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System

Henry I:

William’s son.

set up a court system.

Exchequer dept. of royal finances.

Henry II:

established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.

grand jury.

trial by jury.

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System

Henry I:

William’s son.

set up a court system.

Exchequer dept. of royal finances.

Henry II:

established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.

grand jury.

trial by jury.

Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215

King John IKing John I

Runnymeade

“Great Charter”

monarchs were not above the law.

kings had to consult a council of advisors.

kings could not tax arbitrarily.

The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament

The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament

Great Council:

middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.

eventually called Parliament.

by 1400, two chambers evolved:

o House of Lords nobles & clergy.

o House of Commons knights and burgesses.

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

France France

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

France France

Gothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural Style

Pointed arches.

High, narrow vaults.

Thinner walls.

Flying buttresses.

Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.

Stained-glass windows.

“Flying” Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade

Setting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest

Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest

Medieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities

Oxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford University

Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval Trade

Medieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval Guilds

Guild Guild HallHall

Guild Guild HallHall

Commercial Monopoly:

Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman

Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].

Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s ShopMedieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s Shop

Crest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s Guild