The Matter of Facts!

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up

space.Everything around us is matter!

So what’s the matter?It’s a matter of fact(s)!

Identifying Matter

What’s the matter?

Physical Properties of MatterPhysical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be

observed or measured without changing the substance into something else.

• Color• Hardness• Taste• Length• Width• Height• Weight• Mass• Volume• Density• Ability to conduct heat, electricity, or sound• Ability to become a magnet

Mass – The amount of matter in an object.Scientists use a balance scale to measure mass.

The object’s unknown mass is compared to a known mass.

Mass is recorded in grams or kilograms

Weight – A measure of the pull of gravity on an object.

What are some of the physical properties of these boxes?

Can you find ways to tell these apples apart?

VolumeVolume – The amount of space an object takes up.

Volume = length X width X height

V = l x w x hexpressed in cubic units

Simple enough when it is a box, but what if the solid is irregular?

What if you wanted to know the volume of an apple?

What then?

Volume can be found by measuring

Displacement

Measurement of the amount of liquid that

a solid displaces.

1cu3=1ml

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You can use a graduated cylinder such as one of these!How you ask?

When using a graduated cylinder to measure, you mustbe careful to measure the bottom of the level of liquid. This

curved look of the liquid is known as the meniscus.

Density Concentration

of Matter in an object

Density equals mass divided by volume

States of Matter

No, not those states, these states…..

3 States or Phases of Matter

Solid:• Has a definite shape• Has a definite volume• Molecules are very close together

Liquid:• Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container)• Has a definite volume• Molecules are a little further apart and vibrate a bit quickly

Gas:• Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container)• Does not have a definite volume • Molecules are very far apart and vibrate very quickly!

The changing of the states or phases of matter

Changes in state are physical. They do not change the substance.

Changes in state are reversible!

•Freezing - liquid to solid

•Melting - solid to liquid

•Boiling - liquid to gas

•Condensation - gas to liquid

•Sublimation - solid to gas

•Evaporation - when particles escape from a nonboiling liquid and become a gas

Melting and Boiling PointsMelting Point & Freezing Point

are the same!

Boiling PointTemperature at which a substance changes

from a liquid to a gas.Water boils at 100C or 212F

Water freezes at 0C or 32F

Conversion of Fahrenheit and Celsius Temperatures

Formula

°C x 9/5 + 32 = °F

(°F - 32) x 5/9 = °C

Solution - Type of mixture in which particles of 2 or more substances are mixed and not easily separated.

MixturesCombination of 2 or more

different kinds of matter thatkeep their own physical

properties and can be easily separated.

Solubility - the ability to be dissolved.Solutions are not easily separated

Sugar is soluble in water.Pepper is not!

Suspension - a mixture of liquids with particles of a solid which may not dissolve in the liquid.The solid may be separated from the liquid by leaving it to stand, or by filtration

Examples: sand in wateroil in water

Chemical Properties of MatterChanges in which one or more new substances

are formed are called chemical changes or reactions.

Marshmallow melting is physical change.

Marshmallow burning is a chemical change

These are examples of chemical change or reactivity because light

or heat or both

are produced.

Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride (Salt)

Burning Candle

Reactivity - The ability of a substance to react chemically

Clues that identify reactivity or chemical change:

•Change in color•Production of light•Production of heat•Production of a gas

Baking soda + vinegar = gasCarbon dioxide is produced

ReactivityExample!

Burning Candle - heat and light are produced

ReactivityExample!

Iron rusting is an example of chemical reaction or changeA change in color occursIron conducts electricity Rust does not conduct electricityDifferent densitiesDifferent melting points

Chemical Reaction

CombustibilityChemical property of being able to burn.

Flame Test Used to identify

substances based

on the color of the flame they

producewhen burned.

Law of Conservation of MatterMatter is neither created nor destroyed during a

physical or chemical change. The amount of matter is always the same.

The END for now….more madness to come later!