The march of the artificial insemination in Iraq 1955 2014

The march of the artificial

insemination in Iraq (2014 – 1955)

Prepared by

Dr. Musadaq D. Ali Faris F. I. Al-Shwkh Dr. Talal A. Abdulkareem

Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan Karim I. Al-Badry Kamil F. Hurish

Wedad I. Mustafa Mohammed J. Mhaimeed Omar A. Mohammed

Ministry of Agriculture

Directorate of Animal

Resources

Department of

Artificial Insemination

The march of the artificial insemination

in Iraq (2014 – 1955)

Prepared by

Dr. Musadaq D. Ali Faris F. I. Al-Shewkh Dr. Talal A. Abdulkareem General Director Director Assistant Professor

Directorate of Animal Resource Department of Artificial Insemination College of Agriculture

University of Baghdad

Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan Karim I. Al-Badry Kamil F. Hurish Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Consultant Vet.

College of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Artificial Insemination University of Baghdad University of Baghdad

Wedad I. Mustafa Mohammed J. Mhaimeed Omar A. Mohammed

Consultant Vet. Consultant Vet. Agricultural Eng.

Department of Artificial Department of Artificial Department of Artificial

Insemination Insemination Insemination

List of Contents

Page No. Title

1 Speech of Dr. Musadaq D. Ali

2 Speech of Faris F. I. Al-Shewkh

3 Names of the gentlemen who were responsible for managing the

Artificial Insemination Department

4 Reality of the artificial insemination activity in Iraq

6 The Activity Structure

6 The productive aspect

6 The service aspect

9 Table (1). Artificial Insemination Centers operating in Baghdad and

other provinces

10 Production Efficiency of the Artificial Insemination Department

11 Table (2). Production and sales of the main center at Abu-Ghraib

from frozen semen straws during 1991-2013

12 Table (3). Implementation rates of artificial insemination,

pregnancy detection and reproductive care for the entire provinces

of Iraq during (1962-2013)

14 The Artificial Insemination Department

14 Semen collection division

14 Production and manufacture of frozen semen straws division

15 Animal management and nutrition division

16 Animals health care division

16 Embryo transfer division

17 Liquid nitrogen production division

18 Administrative division

18 Artificial insemination division in Abu-Ghraib

18 Artificial insemination division in Al-Yusufiya

19 Artificial insemination division in Al-Mahmoudiya

19 Artificial insemination division in Dora

19 Artificial insemination division in Radhwaniya

19 Artificial insemination division in Taji

19 Artificial insemination division in Fudhaylia

20 Artificial insemination division in Rashidiya

20 Genetic resources division

21 Embryo Transfer Project in Iraq

28 Theses that have been implemented in the Artificial Insemination

Department, Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of

Agriculture (1977 – 2014)

Page No. Title

32 Researches that have been implemented in the Artificial

Insemination Department, Directorate of Animal Resources,


(7991 – 4172)

37 Researches that have been implemented in the Artificial

Insemination Department, Directorate of Animal Resources,

Ministry of Agriculture for the agricultural and veterinary Bachelor

degree students

40 Training courses and Meetings for Artificial Insemination

Department personnel outside of Iraq (1975-2012)

45 Training courses for Artificial Insemination Department personnel

Inside of Iraq (2004-2013)

56 Recent advances conducted at Artificial Insemination Department,

Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture during

2012-2014))

1

Animal Resource is one of the important infrastructure for the

agricultural sector of Iraq through its active role in improving the economic

development and increasing national income in Iraq. The artificial

insemination and what can it play a pivotal role in enhancing the livestock

productivity in general and cows in particular has form over five decades

the mainstay of this sector through the dissemination of superior genetic factors among

the animals, and consequently increased animals productivity and owners income

accordingly. The Directorate of Animal Resource has been since its inception to support

the Department of Artificial Insemination and provided with all the elements of

continuity and development. What has been achieved from the upsurge in its production

and the evolution of its work and modern techniques introduced within the course of its

production testament to the continued support for this sector. We, through this great

process of artificial insemination in Iraq, which was previously other than the Arab and

Middle East countries, we record our pride and thank God that we were who loll will

intervene in the development and upgrading it. We are honored to offer through this book

, the march of this great edifice in Iraq on the anniversary of its fifty establishment and

the great scientific output of it and we hope that we live up to it and develop it more in

the coming years toward the ranks of advanced countries in this area in line with the

significant role it plays within the animal resource.

Dr. Musadaq D. Ali

General Director of Animal Resource Directorate


2

For more than six decades, and still artificial insemination technique in

cattle stride confident and rapid in the world, where preceded other

techniques, due to its great importance in bringing about the desired genetic

improvement and ease of the procedure and lower cost. We are in Iraq and

after the passage of five decades starting this technology, we are proud of

what we have achieved an increase in the production of frozen semen straws and making

of self-sufficiency in all provinces of Iraq with good conception and pregnancy rates and

keep abreast of recent developments in this area. As we write in this book the lines of

artificial insemination march in Iraq with all its signs of prosperity and deterioration, I

am honored to extend my capacity as director of this department to thank and praise the

great all those who contributed to the success of this large step in Iraq and sought in

prosperity or put a brick in the great edifice. I am also pleased to extend my greater

appreciation and gratitude for all set their beautiful imprint in the preparation of this book

to remain as immortal radiant reminds the future posterity for what, researchers and

pioneers made over many years. I also wish that I record my apologies for all of

anonymity inadvertently disregarded in this book, but, they surely will remain in our

hearts, we derive strength from them for the coming days. Our big ambitions to make us

constantly strive to add new technologies and developed methods to our work towards

increasing frozen semen straws and improve the quality of cooperation with all the

scientific and academic related organizations.

Mr. Faris F. I. Al-Shewkh

Director of Artificial Insemination Department

Directorate of Animal Resource


3

Names of the gentlemen who were responsible for managing the Artificial

Insemination Department

- In 1955-1969, the Artificial Insemination Department was a part of Cow Department

headed by the Agricultural Engineer Sami A. Al-Kaseer.

- In 1965, the Egyptian expert, Dr. Farooq El-Desoki was arrived to Iraq and continued its

administration guidance of artificial insemination. The Department was as a Division

managed by the Agricultural Engineer Mr. Abdul Jabbar Ali Khan.

- Since 1969, many gentlemen have shared the responsibility of managing Artificial

Insemination Department, as listed below, for the periods set out about all of them.

Manager Name Degree Year

From To Murtatha K. Al-Hakim PhD Reproductive

Physiology

1969 1972

Hashim D. L. Muhsen B.SC. Veterinary

Medicine

1972 1982

Jabbar A. R. Al-Rubei B.SC. Veterinary

Medicine 1982 1983

Adnan S. Al-Janabi

PhD Surgery and

Obstetrics

1983 1986

Aziz H. Y. Al-Lami M.SC.

Theriogenology

1986 1988

Husam H. Al-Najar PhD Reproductive

Physiology 1988 1991

Sabah B. M. Nazhat M.SC.

Theriogenology 1991 1993

Jabbar W. A. Al-Ethawi M.SC. Animal

Breeding 1993 1994

Basim A. T. Al-Samarai PhD Dairy Cattle

Management

1994 1995

Mahmood S.K. Al-Karagoli M.SC. Surgery and

Obstetrics 1995 1996

Faris F. I. Al-Shewkh M.SC. Reproductive

Physiology 1996 Continuous

4

Reality of the artificial insemination activity in Iraq

The livestock animals in Iraq earned some characteristics referred to their adoptability

to the climatic conditions, their acceptability to the actual management conditions like

bad housing and poor nutrition and veterinary care as well as to their resistance to

endemic diseases. These animals also have low productive traits when compared with

the other original breeds. Therefore, since 1941, the livestock specialists design the plans

to acquire the superior characteristics of the original breeds through cross breeding with

local breeds to produce elite crossbred individuals. This would consequently result in an

appropriate productive efficiency and good quality products.

During 1941, Iraq imported from Palestine four Friesian cows and two Friesian bulls to

begin the cross breeding program with the local cows, followed by importing many other

numbers of Friesian cows from other countries such the Netherlands, Germany,

Denmark, England and France in accompanies with imported other breeds in limited

numbers like Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Charolais, Brahman, Limousine

and Simmental. However, the program continued to focus on cross breeding of Friesian

breed with local breeds, Janoubi and Karadi in particular, with no indication of cross

breeding with Sharabi and Ristaki. The Breeding Stations pertaining to the State

Organization for Animal Resources Development took it upon themselves the

implementation of cross breeding program according to scientific bases of many

experiments and studies dealt with the qualitative and productive traits to determine the

best crossing rate. Thus, the planning began to publicize the Artificial Insemination

services that was able to put the power and pride of its bright fingerprints on the new

generations of cows to alter her color, behavior, status and production in many herds,

which covers green patches scattered over the land of Iraq.

Accordingly, the primary artificial insemination attempts were began in 1955in the

Department of Animal Husbandry. Frozen semen ampoules from proven-high

productivity bulls were imported from England and United States for insemination of

cows bred in the Department of Animal Husbandry / Abu-Ghraib. These bulls were used

to produce crossbred calves distributed among the districts and areas to be used later for

mated the local cows naturally to obtain high-productivity crossbred animals. These

attempts have proved a great success and it was enough to highlight the importance of

artificial insemination and the need to convince the professionals take care of it and work

on its development. In 1962, it was a big turning point in the history of artificial

insemination in Iraq, as created the first major center for the artificial insemination in

Abu Ghraib and took upon itself the responsibility of inseminated cows bred in the

Department of Animal Husbandry/ Abu-Ghraib, in addition to the local cows in the area

5

surrounding the department. Besides, it has established a center for each province

administered by professional veterinarians. Furthermore, sub-centers managed by

artificial inseminators were also established in each area. This activity was developed in

the early seventies. A technical staff was sent to France in 1975 for the training on the

process of semen freezing by liquid nitrogen. After the return of the trainees and the

arrival of the equipment, the center began to manufactures frozen semen straws and

distributed among three provinces selected on the basis of livestock density and staff

working in. These provinces are Baghdad, Babil and Sulaymaniya. After the success

achieved in these provinces, this step was publicize among all Iraqi provinces in 1978,

and developed a mechanism for the transfer of services efficiently to the depths of the

countryside and the marshlands with the level of high-quality performance and accuracy.

This activity is exposed after the events of March 2003 to the mass destruction of all its

facilities including production buildings and bull's pens, in addition to looting all the

requirements of animals and devices, leading to stop functioning permanently. Due to its

importance, serious thought to provide financial allocations for reconstruct this activity.

Two-way project was initiated; first way was done in coordination with FAO,

represented by the project 407, whereas the second one was performed through Ministry

of Agriculture allocations. The Department was equipped with all appliances, equipment

and supplies needed to for continuous working. Moreover, two liquid nitrogen production

devices of capacity 20 L / hr. and thirty Holstein bulls of high genetic merit imported

from Australia were also provided. During 2010, these bulls were infected with foot and

mouth disease (FMD) despite proper care taken by veterinary staff. This FMD infection

led to exclude these bulls and re-selection of new genetic-superior animals from inside

Iraq until importing other animals from outside Iraq. At the end of 2013, a contract was

signing to import 25 genetic-superior bulls from Netherlands.

The phases of activity can be summarized as follows:

1975-1980 prosperity phase

1981-1990 first deterioration phase

1991- 1993 second deterioration phase

1993- 2002 first re-activity phase

2003 – 2007 third deterioration phase

2007 – 2013 second re-activity phase

6

The Activity Structure

The structure of this activity could be summed up is to take charge the Directorate of

Animal Resources, represented by the Department of Artificial Insemination are two

essential aspects:

1. The productive aspect

Production and manufacture of frozen semen straws in the main center at Abu-

Ghraib, which includes multiple laboratories and devices for the production of

liquid nitrogen, the basic materials for semen cryopreservation as well as animal

farm with the capacity of 68 animals customized to accommodate the improved

bulls that have been selected in accordance with the specific criteria for artificial

insemination bulls whether from inside or outside Iraq.

2. The service aspect

Administratively and technically linked to the main center at Abu-Ghraib. They

are eight divisions of artificial inseminations sub--centers in the vicinity of

Baghdad city according to animal density. These divisions provide services of

artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care. There are 188

sub-centers for artificial insemination scattered in all provinces of Iraq (excluding

the Kurdistan region) belonging to the Veterinary Directorate. This directorate

takes in charge handles the plans and follows up the implementation of artificial

insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care processes. The role of the

main center at Abu-Ghraib on equipping frozen semen straws and work

accessories (catheters, gloves, insemination guns, gun portfolio, catheters portfolio

and nitrogen containers for straws preservation). Moreover, the main center

supplies the main Dairy Cattle Stations (Al-Nasr and Al-Ishaki) with frozen semen

7

straws, after it were 13 Stations before the events of 2013. In addition, the center

provides the private veterinary clinics with frozen semen straws (currently 60 after

it were 210before the events of 2013).

3. Currently, the Department includes farm for production of artificial insemination

calves using frozen embryo transfer technique in accordance with high

specifications imported from New Zealand under the development project of cattle

sector in Iraq in collaboration with FAO. These calves are pertaining to the main

center only.

8

4. Small productive center was established in Al-Kurna district of Basra province to

meet the requirements of the south provinces. Other small center was opened in

Al-Rashidiah region / Nineveh province to meet the requirements of the north

provinces. Nowadays, the small centers were used to market the frozen semen to

the provinces mentioned after it is processed from the main center at Abu-Ghraib.

9

Table (1). Artificial Insemination Centers operating in Baghdad and other provinces

Province No. of

Centers

Locations

1 Baghdad 8 Hbs Nayl, Mahmoudiya, Dora,

Fudhaylia, Taji, Al-Rashidiya,

Radhwaniya

2 Al-Najaf

Al-Ashraf

10 Kufa, Abbasiya, Huriya, Al-Haydariya,

Al-Najaf, Al-Manathera, Al-Mishkhab,

Outpatient Department, Qadisiya,

Dasm

3 Babil 14 Al-Hilla Center, Al-Mahaweel, Al-

Hashimiya, Al-Musseib,

Al-Madhatiya, Al-Qassim, Al-Kifl,

Al-Nile, Abu-Gharak, Al-Immam, Al-

Ibrahimiya, Al-Mashrouh, Al-

Sadda, Alexandria

4 Muthanna 6 Samawa, Al-Warka'a, Al-Rumaitha,

Al-Najmy, Al-Majd, Al-Hilal, Al-

Khidr, Al-Daraji, Al-Swair

5 Anbar 19 Al-Ramadi, Heit, Al-Saqlawiya,

Falloujah, Khalidiya, Ghazwan,

Al-Nassaf, Al-Ameriya, Al-Karma,

Al-Dour, Kubaisa,Al-Baghdadi, Ana,

Rawa, Al-Obaidi, Al-Rumanah,

Al-Qaem , Haditha, Albu-Assaf

6 Diwaniya 16 Insemination Division, Al-Daghara,

Al-Sedair, Ghammas, Al-Mehanawiya,

Sumer, Al-Hamza, Al-Saniya,

Al-Shamiya, Al-Shafieya, Al-Gharb,

Al-Salahiya, Al-Shannafiya,

Al-Bedair, Efak, Nafar, Outpatient

Department

7 Kirkuk 11 Insemination Division, Al-Zab,

Al-Abbasi, Al-Hawija, Al-Riyadh,

Yayji, Alton Kubry, Lylyan, Daqoq,

Taza, Al-Rashad

8 Misan 15 Al-Thawrah Al-Awal, Al-Karama,

Al-Majar Al-Kabeer, Al-Maymouna,

Al-Kahla'a, Ali Al-Shaqi, Kalat Salih,

Al-Musharah, Al-Adl, Al- Al-Gharbi,

Kumait, Al-Aziz, Al-Salam,

Al-Thawra Al-Thani, Seid Ahmed

Al-Rifaey

9 Thi-Qar 12 Al-Nairiya, Souq Al-Shiukh,

Al-Shatrah, Al-Dawaya, Al-Rifaey, Kalat

Sikar, AlGhrraf, Al-Nasr, Seid Dakheel,

Al-Batha'a, Al-Batma'a, Al-Fuhoud

11

Province No. of

Centers

Locations

10 Diyala 15 Hospital Center, Khanakin, Al-Khalis,

Al-Wijaihiya, Al-Abbarah,

Al-Mansouriya, Al-Ghalibiya, Beni

Saad, Buhriz, Abi-Seida, Kana'an,

Baladrouz, Al-Muqdadiya, Al-Sadiya,

Kazaniya

11 Nineveh 12 Bab Senjar, Al-Hamdaniya, Talafar,

Tilkaif, Hammam Al-Allel, Al-Kuwair,

Ba'ashiqa, Al-Namroud, Al-Qayara,

Zumar, Rabia'a, Makhmour

12 Wasit 16 Hospital Center, Swairah, Al-Aziziya,

Al-Numaniya, Al-Hay, Tajaddin,

Al-Shehaimiya, Al-Dubouni, Al-Ahrar,

Sheikh Saad, Wasit District,

Al-Muwafaqia, Al-Bashaer, Badra and

Jassan, Al-Zubaidiya

13 Basra 12 Basra Center, Al-Zubair, Shat Al-Arab,

Al-Hartha, Al-Medaiyna, Al-Qurna,

Abi Al-Khasseib, Safwan, Al-Dair

14 Karbala 8 Insemination Division, Al-Jadwal

Al-Gharbi, Al-Khayrat, Al-Hur,

Al-Husainiya, Al-Ameriya,

Al-Hindiya,

15 Salahaddin 12 Outpatient Department, Tikrit, Baiji,

Samarah, Al-Dijail, Al-Shirkat, Toz,

Balad, Al-Muta'asim, Amerly,

Al-Ishaki, Dijlah

Total

196

Production Efficiency of the Artificial Insemination Department

Table (2) revealed the production and sales of the main artificial insemination

Department at Abu-Ghraib of frozen semen straws during 1991-2013. Table (3) shows

implementation rates of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive

care for all Iraqi provinces during 1962-2013.

11

Table (2). Production and sales of the main center at Abu-Ghraib from frozen semen

straws during (1991-2013).

Year Production of frozen

semen straws

Sales of frozen semen

straws

1991 52725 27518

1992 78010 85658

1993 46178 23830

1994 132684 73058

1995 146510 77790

1996 106686 85705

1997 130663 121200

1998 146205 100730

1999 156520 184225

2000 161873 164347

2001 179179 194777

2002 213895 172550

2003 - -

2004 - -

2005 - -

2006 - -

2007 51132 4860

2008 115206 46975

2009 41690 49275

2010 59353 93399

2011 19013 88745

2012 134356 129225

2013 150648 131155

12

Table (3). Implementation rates of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and

reproductive care for the entire provinces of Iraq during (1962-2013).

Year Artificial

Insemination

Pregnancy

Detection

Reproductive

Care

1962 648 - -

1963 711 - -

1964 1014 - -

1965 1646 - -

1966 3112 - -

1967 3440 - -

1968 5515 - -

1969 13042 - -

1970 22909 - -

1971 32208 - -

1972 47739 - -

1973 67298 - -

1974 80623 - -

1975 88999 - -

1976 - - -

1977 - - -

1978 - - -

1979 - - -

1980 124957 32745 17141

1981 96209 33246 14993

1982 80731 27626 15716

1983 62126 191100 11494

1984 59703 11152 7485

1985 46534 9606 6963

1986 51724 9737 9150

1987 55780 10136 9520

1988 61495 19844 15508

1989 98780 26590 16357

1990 111203 25323 18775

1991 35406 14594 12250

1992 54430 21633 13577

1993

54430 21633 13577

13

Year Artificial

Insemination

Pregnancy

Detection

Reproductive

Care

1994 83234 38081 24517

1995 87290 35231 27865

1996 87290 35231 27865

1997 72564 18979 15772

1998 50365 20979 15772

1999 92112 20979 15722

2000 82173 21091 27994

2001 97388 14112 37374

2002 86275 32971 67996

2003 - - -

2004 - - -

2005 - - -

2006 - - -

2007 112 20 62

2008 14237 3311 3083

2009 50865 13185 8269

2010 62539 9903 19895

2011 92781 18447 34956

2012 104601 30205 30032

2013 102670 32331 26750

14

The Artificial Insemination Department consists of the following divisions:

1. Semen collection division

Includes staff with good experience and practice in this area. Its most important

tasks are:

- Prepare the bulls for semen collection through cleaned (especially the area of

the sheath) to prevent contamination of semen sample.

- Preparation of artificial vaginas following their cleaning and sterilization.

- Collecting the semen sample and send to the laboratory.

2. Production and manufacture of frozen semen straws division

Includes specialized staff with good experience and extensive practice and intern

in the countries that have prior experience in this area. Its most important tasks are:

- Preparation of semen extenders.

- Semen samples examination.

- Dilution and filing of frozen semen following conducting pre-cryopreservation

mass activity and individual motility tests as well as post-cryopreservation

individual motility.

- Distribution of frozen semen straws to the beneficiaries.

15

3. Animal management and nutrition division

Includes specialized staff with good experience in the field of animal management

and nutrition. Its most important tasks are:

- Preparation and availability of roughages and concentrates.

- Supervising of animal feeding.

- Supervise the cleanliness of the barns and animals and remove the waste out of

the farm.

- Conducting the field operations such de-horning and hooves cut.

16

4. Animals health care division

Comprises veterinarian staff with good expertise in the field of animal health care.

Its most important tasks are:

- Supply of medicines and treatments for animals.

- Daily monitoring of the animal farm for detection and treatment of cases.

- Preparation of a preventive program to immunize the animals from viral,

bacterial and parasitic diseases, in coordination with the Directorate of

Veterinary.

- Collection of blood, stool and urine samples of animals on a regular basis and

sent to the central diagnostics laboratory to make sure the health status of the

animals.

5. Embryo transfer division

Comprises veterinarian staff have been taking part in training courses inside and

outside of Iraq. Its most important tasks are:

- Preparation of cows for embryo transplantation.

- Transplantation of embryos imported from outside of Iraq for the purpose of

obtaining born with high efficient productivity contributing to increase milk

and meat production.

17

6. Liquid nitrogen production division

Include technical staff that has been participation in training courses inside and

outside of Iraq. Its functions:

- Production of liquid nitrogen and outfitted to the beneficiaries.

- Maintaining and sustaining of nitrogen production devices.

18

7. Administrative division

Consists of administrative staff with experience and practice in the administrative

work. Its most important tasks:

- Receiving and sending the daily mail.

- Following up the staff attendance.

- Edit the official letters.

- Daily monitoring of all Department facilities.

8. Artificial insemination division in Abu-Ghraib

Includes staff comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators with good

experience and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing

services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to

cattle producers in Abu-Ghraib region whether inside or outside of the division

during the itineraries.

9. Artificial insemination division in Al-Yusufiya




cattle producers in Al-Yusufiya district whether inside or outside of the division


19

10. Artificial insemination division in Al-Mahmoudiya




cattle producers in Al-Mahmoudiya district whether inside or outside of the

division during the itineraries.

11. Artificial insemination division in Dora




cattle producers in Dora region whether inside or outside of the division during the

itineraries.

12. Artificial insemination division in Radhwaniya

Comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators staff with good experience

and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of

artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to cattle

producers in Radhwaniya district whether inside or outside of the division during

the itineraries.

13. Artificial insemination division in Taji

Involves veterinarians and artificial inseminators staff with good experience and

practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of


producers in Taji district whether inside or outside of the division during the

itineraries.

14. Artificial insemination division in Fudhaylia

Comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators staff with good experience

and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of


producers in Fudhaylia regionwhether inside or outside of the division during the

itineraries.

21

15. Artificial insemination division in Rashidiya




cattle producers in Rashidiya district whether inside or outside of the division


16. Genetic resources division

One of the divisions joined recently the Department of Artificial Insemination

under the law of Ministry of Agriculture number (10) for the year 2013. Includes

sophisticated technical staff intern inside and outside of Iraq. Its important tasks:

- Characterization of Iraqi animals phenotypically and genetically.

- Genetic resources conservation of Iraqi animals in heredity bank.

- Conducting the studies and researches that contribute to the genetic

improvement of Iraqi animals.

- Preventing the extinction of species and different breeds of Iraqi animals.

21

- Contribute to the development of legislation to keep the animal resources.

- Using of division laboratories as reference for researchers and interested

members from all other official bodies to carry out the researches in the field of

genetic engineering.

Embryo Transfer Project in Iraq

Introduction

Embryo transfer technique regards as one of the biotechnology applications that took

place after considerable revolution in the field of biological science and the widespread

use of cell and tissue culture, which has evolved significantly after cloning of Dolly in

1997 by Ian Gordon. Before that, scientists were able to implant the fertilized ova in the

laboratory using In vitro fertilization (IVF) technique and transferred them to the uterus

for the treatment of many cases, such us infertility caused by blockage of mammalian and

women oviducts, which is known today as in vitro babies. On the other hand, increasing

pattern of embryo transfer technique was noticed during the fourth quarter of the last

century by the cattle producers in order to increase the number of individuals with

distinct genetic traits. This process is carried out using hormonal stimulation of the donor

cows and obtains the largest number of ova, a process called superovulation, and then

mated or inseminated by proven-sired bulls. The collected embryos are then transferred

directly or after freezing to recipient cows to grow in their uteri. In spite of the many

advantages, this technique is still of high costs, led to non-widespread on a commercial

scale as is the case for the artificial insemination. During a recent, embryo splitting was

introduced as one of the principal step of embryo transfer for the production of identical

born and sexed embryos.

22

Embryo Transfer Applications

1. Increase the number of births from genetically- superior females.

2. Easy to export and import of frozen genetically- superior embryos.

3. Avoid dangerous animal transport among countries and states.

4. The freezing of embryos provides the better use of genetically-superior dams until

the availability of recipient dams.

5. The superovulation of donor cows using hormonal stimulation, it became possible

to get many of the embryos in one operation. This technique adopts on a large

scale the qualitative genetics.

6. Control the spread of venereal diseases and simultaneously, protect the born from

dams to get them disease- free.

7. Rapid development of genetic value for the new cattle generations,which increases

their production in a short period.

8. This technique is used as a part of biotechnology and embryo splitting to

symmetrical embryos.

9. Benefit from the process of embryo sexing.

10. It is possible to use this technique to preserve the good local breedsas well as

some endangered animals.

23

Embryo transfer Limitations

1. High cost of importing frozen embryos with supplies (cost per embryo up to 600-

700 US dollars).

2. According to the scientific literature, the success rate of pregnancy ranged from

50-70 % in beef cattle and 15-40 % in dairy cattle.

3. The success rate depends on the provision of cows with a good management and

balanced nutrition.

Embryo transfer in Iraq

The history of embryo transfer in Iraq can be categorized into two stages:

First Stage

Establishment of embryo transfer center for the first time in Iraq on 1st January, 1988

at in Animal Husbandry Station in Abu Ghraib. A good cadre holding scientific

degrees (Bachelor, Master and Doctorate) was prepared as follows:

1. Doctorate in Reproductive Physiology (Agricultural Engineer).

2. Master in Reproductive Physiology (Veterinarian).

Send them to United States for 3 months period for training on embryo transfer

technique.

3. Master in Embryo Transfer / Canada (University Instructor, Veterinarian).

4. Doctorate in Embryo Transfer / France (Veterinarian, joined later).

5. Bachelor in Veterinary Medicine (5 Veterinarians).

The frozen embryos were imported from United States. The working was began in

Cattle Breeding Stations, but no results were achieved, except one pregnant cow

conducted through one of the master student in the College of Veterinary Medicine /

University of Baghdad. The Center was shut down in 1992 due to Iraqi bad conditions

during Gulf War II. During Nineties of the last century, some of Iraqi cadres from

College of Veterinary Medicine only have got scientific degrees in the field of embryo

transfer.

Second Stage

This stage has been performed in collaboration with FAO (Project 801) for the

redevelopment of the cattle sector through a transfer of embryos in Iraq as a research

project, and then established for a new work by creating a cadre of workers in this

area. The team was formed consisting of five veterinarians holding Bachelor's degree

24

with a good experience in the field of artificial insemination. They joined in several

training courses, as follows:

1. Short training course in embryo transfer at the Center of Biotechnology / Al-

Nahrain University, Baghdad for 14 days on 2010.

2. Short embryo transfer training course (9 days) in Australia on December, 2010.

3. Short embryo transfer training course (8 days) in Australia on 2012.

4. Short embryo transfer training course (5 days) in Jordan on January, 2013

The Embryo Transfer Center building was established in Artificial Insemination

Department itself by Directorate of Animal Resources. The Center was equipped with

the tools and supplies necessary for working. The Holstein frozen embryos (n = 600)

were imported from New Zealand in collaboration with FAO.

25

Objectives of the Project

The project aims to adapt the embryo transfer technology in Iraq and publicize this

new technique among the cattle producers. The staff has gave introductory lectures in

this area on the milk producers associations in Wasit and Salah Al-Din provinces, as

well as through field practices with cattle producers, dairy cattle stations and research

centers. The actual work initiated by a cadre on April, 2011 through three axes:

1. Cattle producers / Al-Wihda and Al-Mashahda Projects.

2. Dairy Cattle Stations / Al-Nasr in Al-Swaira city and Al-Ishaki in Salah Al-Din

province.

3. Animal Farms in Colleges of Agriculture (Baghdad and Al-Anbar).

The team was selected the cows in these locations according to the body condition

score (BCS), reproductive tract examinations, hormonal treatments and according to

the minimum that was available only at the time. The embryos were transplanted in

these three previous locations, and encouraging pregnancies and born were got in this

aspect. A heifer was born as a result of embryo transfer technique in Al-Nasr Dairy

Cattle Station for the first time in Iraq on 22th January, 2012. Other heifer was born

simultaneously in Animal Farm at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad,

and one calf born in one of the cattle producers at Al-Mashahda region, Baghdad.Some

pregnancies were also undertaken at Animal Farm, University of Al-Anbar, Dairy

Cattle stations as well as in Jordan. All these embryos were transplanted by Iraqi team.

26

Cows of Artificial Insemination Department

Twenty five local and crossbred cows were purchased by Department of Artificial

Insemination for the purpose of embryo transfer and built a future bull herd for

Artificial Insemination Department. The transplanting operations in this farm are

continuous. Seven pregnancies were obtained until now. Moreover, Controlled internal

drug release (CIDR) technique was used recently for cow's estrus synchronization.

Evaluating the results of the previous stage

Given the existence of special specifications in cows selected for the purpose of

embryo transfer in terms of body condition score, management and good nutrition, the

results were affected, especially in private Dairy Cattle Stations and producers due to

malnutrition and poor husbandry. Concerning the Animal Farms in Agricultural

Colleges at Baghdad and Al-Anbar Universities as well as Artificial Insemination

27

Department Farm, the results were very good and encouraging due to good

management and nutrition. The project is currently dependent on imported embryos as

a first stage. In near future, plans were put to get the embryos from Iraq when the

equipment and supplies are available.

28

Theses that have been implemented in the Artificial Insemination Department, Directorate of Animal

Resources, Ministry of Agriculture (1977 – 2014)

No. Title of thesis Year Degree University College Student name

1 Studies on some characteristics of crossbreed

Friesian bulls and effect of some diluting

parts on spermatozoon motility during storage

1977 Master Baghdad Agriculture Azhr H. AL-Haboby

2 Effect of various thawing times and

temperatures on semen characteristics of

frozen Friesian bull semen

1985 Master Baghdad Agriculture Ahmad A. Al-Cassy

3 Studies of the sperm antibodies in sera of

repeat breeder cows

1978 Master Baghdad Agriculture Taraq M. Hasson

4 Studies on deep-freezing of Iraqi buffalo bulls

semen

1978 Master Baghdad Veterinary

Medicine

Aziz H. Y. Al-Lamy

5 Studies on sexual behavior and some

characteristics of Friesian bulls born in Iraq

1983 Master Baghdad Agriculture Nabeel A. Al-Shakrjee

6 Studies on some of the factors affecting

sexual behavior and semen picture in Ganubi

bulls

1985 Master Baghdad Agriculture Ahmad A. Al-Ani

7 The effect of some chemophsical properties of

extenders and bull semen on post freezing

characteristics

1987 Master Baghdad Agriculture KaremI.Al-Badry

29


8 Bacterial contamination in semen of bulls in

artificial insemination center


Medicine

Sadig J. Zalzala

9 Frozen embryo transfer in cattle 1989 Master Baghdad Veterinary

Medicine

Sabah B.M. Nazhat

10 Study the effect of seasonal variation and

storage period on the fertility and some

characteristics of frozen semen for bull

Friesian bulls

1989 Master Baghdad Agriculture Nameer M. H. Al-

11 Comparative study on using semen treated

with PGF2α in Awassi sheep

1990 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Haleem H. Issa

12 Study the effect of season, semen collection

methods and testicular activity in Awassi

rams

1994 Master Mosel Agriculture Khalid M. Al-Maktery

13 Frozen local black goat semen, storage and

used for artificial insemination of goat female

1997 Doctorate Basra Agriculture AbD-AL-RazakNeem

14 Effect of magnesium and iodide

supplementation on semen quality and blood

in Holstein-Friesian bulls and on growth of

testes of calves in hot climate

1998 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Asaad I. Ahmad

15 Antisperm antibodies and fertility of dairy

cows

1998 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Falah .H. A. Al-Dafae

31


16 Study the effect of some frozen semen

extenders on sperm viability, ultrastructure

and its relationship with conception rate of

cows

1999 Doctorate Mosul Agriculture Khalid M. Al-Maktery

17 Effect of licorice extraction on reproductive

performance of Awassi rams

2000 Master Baghdad Agriculture Ahmed A. Mahdi

18 Comparative study of semen characteristics of

local black buck injected with prostaglandin

after dilution and freezing


Medicine Abbas F. Daham

19 The effect of different artificial insemination

techniques on fertility of goat

2002 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Abdlkareem A. Hobi

20 Study of the effect of deep freezing semen

with comparison between artificial

insemination and natural mating and

hormonal treatment on the conception rate of

black Iraqi goat.


Medicine Hassen F. Hassen

21 Semen dilution and evaluation for artificial

insemination by different method in Awassi

sheep

2010 Master Baghdad Agriculture Salah M. Abid

22 The bacterial contamination of bulls frozen

semen for local and imported straws


Medicine

Haifaa B. Naje

31


23 Effect of freezing Turkish Awassi rams semen

in sperm acrosome by used different dyes

2012 Master Baghdad Agriculture Mohammed A. R. Al-

Sarray

24 Awassi rams semen cryopreservation for in

vitro fertilization

2012 Doctorate. Baghdad Agriculture Hazim K.J. Al-Saab

25 Adding some amino acids and it's

combination to Tris extender and its influence

freezing semen -in improving some of post

characteristics in Holstein bulls in Iraq

2013 Master Baghdad Agriculture Omar A. M. Al-Nasiry

26 use Study of some factors affecting the

in vitro frozen thawed bull semen in of

fertilization of bovine ova

2013 Master Basra Agriculture Hassan N. Habib

27 In vitro production of sheep embryos using

vitrfication technique

2013 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Ali A. Z. Al-Saadoon

28 Adding some enzymatic and non-enzymatic

antioxidants to Holstein bulls semen

extenders and its influence in improving post-

freezing semen characteristics

2014 Master Baghdad Agriculture Omer H. A. Al-Zaidy

29 Effect of adding Co-enzyme Q10, Lipoic acid

and manganese to Holstein bulls semen

extenders on improving post-freezing semen

characteristics

2014 Master Baghdad Agriculture Omer A. A. Sultan

30 Ameliorative effect of C nucleotide- activated

drugs on low quality sperms in bulls. 2014 Master Baghdad Veterinary

Medicine

Mohammad J. Saad

32

Researches that have been implemented in the Artificial Insemination

Department, Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture

(1997 – 2014)

No. Title of Article Date of

Publishing

Name of Authors

Title of

Journal

1 Semen quality and

freezability of Holstein

bulls as influenced by

short-term administration of

prostaglandin F2α analogue

1997 Al-Haboby, A. H.

Abdulkareem,T.A.

Ibrahim, F. F.

Mesopotamia

J.Agric.,29(4

):4-15

2 Modulation of semen

quality by prostaglandin F2α

injection in the Awassi

rams

1997 Al-Haboby, A. H.

Issa, H. H

Ibrahim, F. F.

Al-Hakim, M. K.

IPA J. of

Agric.

Res.,7(2):1-

12

3 Control of mycoplasma in

bovine semen by

ciprofloxacin and

enrofloxacin

1998 Mohammad, N.

A.K.

Al-Hissen, S.F.

Al-Badry, K. I.

Ibrahim, F. F.

Iraqi J.

Microbiol.,

10(2):28-35

4 Influence of tylosin,

gentamicin and lincomycin

combination on semen

characteristics bacterial and

mycoplasma contaminants

of Friesian bull semen

2001 Al-Badry, K. I.

Al-Jobori,A.H.

Ibrahim, F. F.

Iraqi J.

Microbiol.

,13(3):18-28

5 Influence of various

cryophylactic agent on

semen quality of Iraqi

roosters semen

2002 Al-Daraji, H. J.

Hassan, K.H.

Ibrahim, F. F

The Iraqi J.

Agric. Sci.,

33(1):

213-221

6 Comparison of the effect of

various cryoprotective

agents on biochemical traits

of Iraqi roosters semen


Hassan, K.H.

Ibrahim, F. F

Al-Timimi, B. A.

The Iraqi J.

Agric. Sci.,

33(2) 215-

221

33

Title of Article Date of

Publishing

Name of Authors

Title of

Journal

7 Effect of penicillin-

ciprofloxacin combination

on semen characteristic and

bacterial contaminations of

diluted bull semen

2002 Mohammed, N. A.

Al-Al-Badry, K. I.

Al-Hissin, S. F.

Al-Kafagi, B. A.

Ibrahim, F. F.

Iraqi J. Vet.

Med.,

26(1):182-

188

8 Effect of some diluents on

sperm motility of three

species of fish carp

2003 Al-Biaty, N. M.

Ibrahim, F. F.

Al-Obaidy, H. J.

Al-Jashaamy, K. J.

Iraqi J.

Agric.,

8(1):40 -46

9 Comparison study the

effect of different diluents

and deep freezing on semen

characteristics of local

black buck

2003 Daham, A. F.

Alwan, A.F.

Al-Badry, K. I.

Ibrahim, F. F.

The Iraqi

J.V. Med., 18

(2): 145-155

10 Changes in certain seminal

attributes and sexual

activity of Holstein-

Friesian bulls in response to

vitamin C supplementation

2004 Ishak, M.A.

Magid, S. A.

Eidan, S. M.

Ibrahim, F. F.

Iraqi J.

Agric.,

9(3):187 -194

11 Effect of type of diluents on

certain traits of frozen

rooster semen


Ibrahim,F.F

Al-Timimi, B. A.

The Iraqi

Journal of

Agriculture

Science,

33(1) 213-

221

12 Study of the effect of deep

freezing on semen

characteristics with

comparison between

artificial insemination,

natural mating and

hormonal treatment on the

conception rate of black

Iraqi goat

2009 Kashifalkitaa, H.F.

Alwan, A.F.

Saigh, M.N.

Al-Timimi, B.A.

Proc. 9th

Vet.

Sci. Conf., 2:

87-90

34


Publishing

Name of Authors

Title of

Journal

13 Influence of month on some

sexual behavior and semen

characteristics in Holstein-

Friesian bulls

2012 Al-Ani, A.A.

Abdulkareem, T.A.

Khalaf, S.S.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Al-Timimi, B. A.

Mustafa, A.K.

Al-Anbar J.

Vet. Med., 5:

265-274.

14 Acrosome abnormalities of

Awassi rams semen stored

under different

temperatures

2012 Al-Saray, M.A.

Shubber, A.M.

Al-Ani, A.A.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Al-Timimi, B.A.

2nd

Sci. Conf.,

Center of

Revival of

Arabian

Science

Heritage

15 Effect of Glycyrrhiza

glabra in the ration on

sexual desire semen

parameters of bulls born in

Iraq during winter

2012 Al-Badry, K.I.

Al-Ani, A. A.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Iraqi J. Vet.

Med.(Special

Issue), 36:98-

104

16 The effect of Foot and

mouth disease on

reproductive performance

of Holstein bulls in

Artificial Insemination

Center of Iraq

2012 Al-Badry, K.I.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Al-Timimi, B.A.

Iraqi J. Vet.

Med., 36:1-7

17 Effect of adding L-arginine

on some parameters of bull

sperms after freezing in

liquid nitrogen (-196˚C)

2012 Al-Ebady, A.S.

Hussain, S.O.

Al-Badry, K.I.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Al-Qadisiya

J. Vet. Med.,

11(2):

156-166

18 The effect of adding L-

arginine on poor motile bull

sperms kept at 5˚C

2012 Al-Ebady, A.S.

Hussain, S.O.

Al-Badry, K.I.

Ibrahim, F.F.

5th

Sci. Vet.

Conf. of

Qadisiya

University

35


Publishing

Name of Authors

Title of

Journal

19 The effect of treatment with

vitamin C on some sexual

behavior and semen

characteristics during hot

months for Holstein-

Friesian bulls in Iraq

2013 Al-Ani, A.A.

Ishak, M.A.

Al-Timimi, B.A.

Yahiya, K.J.

Submitted to

the Jordanian

J. Agric. Sci

20 Effect of post foot and

mouth disease infection on

some semen attributes and

blood biochemical

parameters of Friesian -

Holstein bulls

2013 Eidan, S.M.

Abdulkareem, T.A.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Heraish, K.F.

Submitted to

Al-Anbar J.

Vet. Med.

21 Effect of adding glutamine

and methionine as

antioxidants to semen

extender on post-

cryopreservation semen

quality of Holstein bulls

2013 Mohammed, O.A.

Shubber, A.M.

Abdulkareem, T.A.

Ibrahim, F.F.

1st Sci. Conf.

for Anim.

Prod. Sci.

Technol., 10-

11 Nov.

University of

Baghdad,

Iraq.

22 Influence of adding

different amino acids

mixture to semen extender

on post-cryopreservation

semen quality of Holstein

bulls

2014 Abdulkareem, T.A.

Mohammed, O.A.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Al-Timimi, B.A.

Submitted to

Anim.

Reprod. Sci.

23 Effect of adding different

types of egg yolk to Tris

extender on post-



2014 Abdulkareem, T.A.

Al-Daraji, H.J.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Al-Hassani, A.S.

Al-Timimi, B.A.

In

preparation

24 Adding effect of Vitamins C

and E to semen extender on

post-cryopreservation semen

quality of Holstein

2014 Eidan, S.M.

Abbas, O.H.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Al-Timimi, B.A.

In

preparation

36


Publishing

Name of Authors

Title of

Journal

25 Adding enzymatic and non-

enzymatic antioxidants to

semen extender and its

effect on post-



2014 Eidan, S.M.

Abdulkareem, T.A.

Abbas, O.H.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Al-Timimi, B.A.

In

preparation

26 Adding of some herbal

plants extracts to the

ruminant semen extenders

for preservation during

cooling and freezing

2014 Al-Khazraji, A.A.

Ibrahim, F.F.

Al-Timimi, B.A.

Karim, A.F.

Yahiya, K.J.

In

preparation

37

Researches that have been implemented in the Artificial Insemination Department,

Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture for the agricultural and veterinary

Bachelor degree students

No. Title of research Year University College Student

name(s)

Supervisor

1 Effect of different thawing rates and

temperatures on Holstein bulls semen

quality following addition of inositol

2012 Baghdad Agriculture Sarmad A.

Mohammed

Dr. Talal A.

Abdulkareem

2 Effect of temperatures and thawing

rates on bull's frozen semen quality

2012 Baghdad Veterinary

Medicine

Vikin S. Albeir Dr. Karim I. Al-Badry

3 Study the influence of different

temperatures and thawing rates on

Holstein bulls semen quality

following addition of vitamin C

2012 Baghdad Agriculture Abdullah R.

Saeed

Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan

4 Study the effect of different



following addition of carnitine

2012 Baghdad Agriculture Salam J. Karim Dr. Talal A.

Abdulkareem

5 Effect of different temperatures and

thawing rates on Holstein bulls semen

quality following addition of vitamin

E

2012 Baghdad Agriculture Abdullah S.

Hassan

Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan

38


name(s)

Supervisor

6 Study the effect of 4˚C preservation

on Iraqi bulls semen quality


Medicine

Husham S.

Naji

Yazan H. Sail

Dr. Karim I. Al-Badry




following addition of carnitine and

inositol

2013 Baghdad Agriculture Mustafa M.

Nasr

Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan

8 Influence of prostaglandin F2α

addition on bull sperm viability at

preservation of 37˚C


Medicine Mohammed D.

Abdul-Karim

Ahmed S.

Hassan





following addition of carnitine and

methionine

2013 Baghdad Agriculture Mohammed R.

Abdul-Karim

Dr. Talal A.

Abdulkareem

10 Re-dilution and activation of poor

thawed semen for Friesian bulls in

Iraq


Medicine

Samer A.

Youssef

Zaid R. Abdul-

Jaleel


39


name(s)

Supervisor



quality following addition of carnitine

and glutamine

2013 Baghdad Agriculture Marwan T.

Yassen

Dr. Talal A.

Abdulkareem

12 Influence of prostaglandin F2α

injection on bulls sperm viability at

preservation of 4˚C.


Medicine

Mohammed

Abdul Hamza

Mudhar Najm




quality following addition of

glutamine and glutamine

2013 Baghdad Agriculture Mustafa A.

Hassan

Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan

41

Training courses and Meetings for Artificial Insemination Department personnel outside of Iraq

(1975-2012)

No. Name of Training Course

Country No. of

Trainees

Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

1 Semen Freezing France 3 7 1975

2 Semen Freezing France 1 7 1983

3 Embryo Transfer in Cattle United

States

3 3 1988

4 Artificial Insemination in Sheep Cyprus 1 10 1991

5 Attending FAO Meeting for 407 Project Jordan 1 2 2004

6 Demonstration and Training with the Minister of

Agriculture

Denmark 1 7 2004

7 Instruments and Equipment of Artificial

Insemination

France 1 7 2005

8 Attending of Amman International Fair for Iraq

Reconstruction

Jordan 1 4 2005

9 Instruments and Equipment of Artificial

Insemination

France 4 21 2005

41

No. Name of Training Course Country No. of

Trainees

Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

10 Selection of Artificial Insemination Bulls Australia 2 14 2006

11 Instruments of Semen Freezing Denmark 2 3 2006

12 Artificial Insemination in Sheep and Goat Syria 3 5 2008

13 Workshop For Food Safety Jordan 1 5 2008

14 Embryo Transfer in Sheep Australia 2 46 2008

15 Attending of 1st Meeting For Committee of

Cattle Development Project in Iraq

Jordan 2 2 2009

16 Attending of 2nd

Meeting For Committee of


Jordan 2 2 2009

17 Artificial Insemination and Its Role in Animal

Breeding

Tunis 4 14 2009

18 Milk Production and Synthesis within Cattle

Development Project in Iraq

Morocco 4 14 2009

19 Visit to The National Society For Cattle

Producers within Cattle Development Project in

Iraq

Morocco 1 7 2010

42


Country No. of

Trainees

Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

20 Attending of 3rd

Meeting For Committee of


Jordan 2 2 2010

21 Modern Management Workshop For Animal

Production Sector in Milk Production

Lebanon 2 7 2010

22 Animal Marking and Registration System

Jordan 2 4 2010

23 Ruminant Nutrition, Herd Management and Milk

Synthesis

Syria 1 40 2010

24 Attending of 4th

Meeting For Committee of Cattle


Jordan 2 2 2010

25 Embryo Transfer in Cattle

Australia 5 12 2010

26 Artificial Insemination in Small Ruminants Syria 2 10 2010

27 Artificial Insemination

United

States

2 10 2010

43


Country No. of

Trainees

Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

28 Meeting of the Director Board Members For

Arab-Iraqi Company of Animal Resources

Development

Syria 1 2 2010

29 Cattle Nutrition Jordan 1 4 2010

30 Attending FAO Meeting and Discussed

Agricultural and Food Issues in Iraq

Italy 1 9 2011

31 Implementation of the 2nd

Stage For Cattle


Morocco 1 13 2011

32 Attending the Meeting of the Guide Committee

For Cattle Development Project in Iraq

Jordan 2 2 2011

33 Advance Course of Embryo Transfer in Cattle

Australia 4 8 2011

34 Use of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of

Pregnancy and Reproductive Diseases

Jordan 9 4 2012

35 Artificial Insemination in Ruminants Jordan 5 12 2012

36 Artificial Insemination in Small Ruminants

within RAS 5063 Project

Tunis 1 5 2012

44


Country No. of

Trainees

Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

37 Training on Nitrogen Production Equipment Netherland 2 10 2012

38 Recent Methods for Diagnosis, Analysis and

Control of Epidemic Diseases

Jordan 1 12 2012


Jordan 5 5 2012

40 Agriculture Biotechnology

Japan 1 107 2012

45

Training courses for Artificial Insemination Department personnel Inside of Iraq (2004-2013)


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

1 Veterinary Vaccines 1 State Board For Agricultural

Extension and Cooperation /

Baghdad

5 2004

2 Recent advances in Embryo Transfer 1 State Company for Veterinary /

Baghdad

5 2005

3 Computer Operation 1 Computer Center, University of

Baghdad

5 2005

4 IZO Test 1 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

3 2008

5 Leadership and Communication 2 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

5 2008

6 Quarantines

4 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

5 2008

7 Preparation For TOEFUL Test 3 University of Technology /

Baghdad

30 2008

46


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

8 Workshop on Daily Cooperation 1 National Center for Investments

and Administrative

Development

5 2009

9 WSOP For Embryo Transfer and

Artificial Insemination in Sheep and

Goat

1 Ministry of Agriculture 1 2009

10 Ways of Improving Sheep and

Intensive Production

1 College of Veterinary Medicine

/ Continuing Education Unit

5 2009

11 Recent Advances in Animal

Nutrition

2 College of Veterinary Medicine

/ Continuing Education Unit

5 2009

12 Using of GPS Program

1 Training Center in Mansour/

Baghdad

1 2009

13 Animal Marking 2 Training Center in Mansour/

Baghdad

1 2009

47


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

14 Strategic Planning 1 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

1 2009

15 Scientific Symposium on Artificial

Insemination

2 Veterinary Hospital in Kirkuk 3 2009

16 Strategic Planning


Center / Baghdad

3 2009

17 Computer System 1 Computer Center, University of

Baghdad

15 2009

18 Leadership and Administration

Development

1 Institute of Administrative

Development / Baghdad

5 2009

19 Management and Feedlot of Beef

Calves

1 Training Center in Mansour/

Baghdad

3 2009

48


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

20 Leadership and Administration

Development

5 Institute of Administrative

Development / Baghdad

5 2009

21 Advantages and Disadvantages of

Internet

1 The Islamic University /

Baghdad

1 2009

22 Training Program on TOEFUL Test 1 University of Technology /

Baghdad

30 2009

23 International Cooperation Workshop 1 Training Center in Mansour/

Baghdad

2 2009

24 Economic Feasibility Studies


Center / Baghdad

5 2010

25

Evaluation of Administrative and

Legal Performance

1 Technical and Administrative

College / Baghdad

5 2010

49


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

26 Artificial Insemination and Using of

Ultrasonography in Pregnancy

Detection

13 Agricultural Extension Center /

Baghdad

5 2010


10 Al-Nahrain University /

Baghdad

10 2010

28 Organizing the Cost's Accounts 1 State Company For Animal

Resources / Baghdad

5 2010

29 Stores Management 1 State Company For Animal

Resources / Baghdad

5 2010

30 Geographic Information 2 State Company For Animal

Resources / Baghdad

5 2010

31 Economic Feasibility Studies


Center / Baghdad

5 2010

32 Principles of Windows Operation 1 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2010

51


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

33 Recent Advances in Fertility

Treatment

3 Institute of Embryo Research

and Infertility Treatment / Al-

Nahrain University

5 2010


5 Extension Training Center /

Babil

5 2010

35 Agricultural Technology Transfer 2 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

5 2010

36 Strategic Planning in Agricultural

Sector


Center / Baghdad

5 2010

37 Artificial Insemination in Animals 2 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

5 2010

38 Principles of Windows Operation 5 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2011

39 Advanced Excel system 5 Central Organization for

Standardization and Quality

Control / Baghdad

5 2011

51


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

40 Advance Internet Course 3 Central Organization for


Control / Baghdad

5 2011

41 Advanced Excel system 3 Central Organization for


Control / Baghdad

5 2011

42 Learning English Language 4 Al-Nahrain University /

Ministry of Higher Education

5 2011

43 Basic Principles of Internet 3 Al-Nahrain University /

Ministry of Higher Education

5 2011

44 Capacity building and awareness in

e-governance

1 State Authority For Computers

and Information

4 2011

45 Basic Principles of Internet 1 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2011

46 Design of Websites and Photoshop

Program

1 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2011

47 Computer Training 2 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2011

52


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

48 Role of Artificial Insemination in

Genetic Analysis


Center / Baghdad

5 2011

49 Projects Evaluation 1 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

5 2011

50 Rations Manufacturing 1 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

5 2011

51 Artificial Insemination in ruminants


Center / Baghdad

5 2011

52 Network Principles and

Rehabilitation

5 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2011

53 Economic Feasibility Studies for

Agricultural Projects


Center / Baghdad

5 2011

54 Using of Ultrasonography For

Pregnancy and Embryos Detection


Department / Baghdad

5 2011

55 Artificial Insemination 26 Veterinary Syndicate in

Cooperation with USDA

5 2012

53


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

56 Discussion Symposium (Together for

Development of Animal Resources

in Iraq)

3 Erbil / Kurdistan Region 3 2012

57 Specialized Training in Animal

Nutrition

5 INMA / Baghdad 3 2012

58 Animal Selection 6 INMA / Baghdad 3 2012

59 Management and Marketing 6 INMA / Baghdad 3 2012

60 Animal Health Management

6 INMA / Baghdad 2 2012

61 Standard Operation Procedures 1 Training Center in Mansour/

Baghdad

2 2013

62 Embryo Transfer in Cattle 1 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

5 2013

63 Civil Service Law and the Discipline

of State Employees


Center / Baghdad

5 2013

64 Economic Feasibility Studies 1 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

5 2013

54


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

65 Genetic Engineering and

Biotechnology


Center / Baghdad

5 2013

66 Embryo Transfer in Cattle 1 Rehabilitation and Development

Center / Baghdad

5 2013

67 Artificial Insemination in ruminants


Center / Baghdad

5 2013

68 Arabic Language Safety 1 Directorate of Animal

Resources

2 2013

69 Capacity building and awareness in

e-governance

1 Ministry of Science and

Technology / Continuing

Education

4 2013

70 Photoshop and Excel Programs 2 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2013

71 Windows and Office Applications 9 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2013

55


No. of

Trainees

Organizer Training

Duration

(Day)

Year

72 Laptop Repair and Photoshop 2 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2013

73 Design of Internet Websites 1 Computer Center / Ministry of

Agriculture

5 2013

56

Recent advances conducted at Artificial Insemination Department,

Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture during (2012-2014)

1. Application of embryo transfer program in Iraq using frozen straws

containing Friesian cow embryos imported from Australia.

2. Using of L- arginine in improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of

Holstein bulls.

3. Adding of carnitine, glutamine and their combinations as antioxidants to Tris

extender in improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

4. Adding of inositol, methionine and their combinations as antioxidants to Tris

extender in improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

5. Adding of amino acids mixture to Tris extenderin improving post-

cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

6. Using some non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin E and C and their

combinations with Tris extender in improving post-cryopreservation semen

quality of Holstein bulls.

7. Using of omega 3 with Tris extender in improving post-cryopreservation

semen quality of Holstein bulls.

8. Adding of catalase and glutathione to Tris extenderin improving post-


9. Adding of enzymatic, non-enzymatic and omega 3 to Tris extender in

improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

10. Using of co-enzyme Q-10 with Tris extenderin improving post-


57

11. Using of Lipoic acid with Tris extenderin improving post-cryopreservation


12. Adding of Lipoic acid to Tris extenderin improving post-cryopreservation


The march of the artificial insemination in Iraq 1955 2014

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