The Malawi TV White Spaces: For Real or Mere Hype? Chomora Mikeka, PhD, Physics Department at Chancellor College in the University of Malawi Email: chomora@gmail.com URL: http://malawitech.com

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 1

Fondation Partager le Savoir　Sharing Knowledge Foundation Pavilhao do Conhecimento、Lisbon – Portugal (15th to 17th May, 2014)

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 2

!  Scan Results Using the Spectran, RF-Explorer and Geo-tagged S/A !  Malawi Government Support on TVWS Technology Use

!  FTRA 2013 Recommendations !  Actual Pilot TVWS Deployment and DSpace Application

!  Network Performance (Internal and External Capacities)

!  Antenna Design for TVWS broadband radios and UHF TV stations

!  World View Points : Microsoft (Dubai Agenda) , ITU (Geneva Summit)

!  Conclusions

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 3

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 4

Coming Up Next

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 5

vendredi, 6 juin 14 6

ITU Region 1 SADC Malawi Addition Info Malawi Examples

174-223 MHz

BROADCASTING

5.235 5.237 5.243

174-223 MHz

BROADCASTING

5.237

Digital TV Broadcasting (174-214 MHz) Digital Audio Broadcasting (214-230 MHz)

TV Band III (Geneva Plan GE-06 applies). Migration from analogue to digital broadcasting.

Digital TV Broadcasting Services (VHF band 3). DAB, Fixed/Mobile services on sec. basis per F/note 5.237

Fill the blank

Rece

ived

Sig

nal [

dBm

]

Frequency [GHz]

Pirimiti Hospital Thondwe Hospital

0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

Blank Space = White Space

Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 7

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 8

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 9

Pirimiti-HospitalThondwe-HospitalSt-Marys-Girls-Sec-SchBase-Station-Physics-DeptSeismology-HQ Air Wing HQ

Rece

ived

Sig

nal [

dBm

]

Frequency [GHz]0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0Pirimiti-HospitalThondwe-HospitalSt-Marys-Girls-Sec-SchBase-Station-Physics-DeptSeismology-HQAir Wing HQ

Rece

ived

Sig

nal [

dBm

]

Frequency [GHz]0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

*Demonstrated by Caspah Kamunda and Later by Martin Thodi with Bash Scripts on Ubuntu Linux for Data Acquisition During the TVWS Training in Malawi July-Aug 2013

Pirimiti-HospitalThondwe-HospitalSt-Marys-Girls-Sec-SchBase-Station-Physics-DeptSeismology HQAir Wing HQ

Rece

ived

Sig

nal [

dBm

]

Frequency [GHz]0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 10

Coming Up Next

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 11

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 12

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 13

Coming Up Next

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 14

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 15

Coming Up Next

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 16

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 17

2013年7月1日(月) Design  by:  Dr.  Chomora Mikeka (Physics  Department,  Chancol) 3

Feeder cable approx. 60m

FM signal

Warning/Navigation Light

Dipole

Power Splitter

On-Air Studio

Production Studio

Stay

PegTx Room

Technical Room

DB-2: Power Supply to Sockets, Aircons,

& Lights

DB-2

P2PLAN

Console to Mixer

Via Fader Control

Landing Gantry

Feeder cable approx. 60m

FM signal

Warning/Navigation Light

Dipole

Power Splitter

On-Air Studio

Production Studio

Stay

PegTx Room

Technical Room

DB-2: Power Supply to Sockets, Aircons,

& Lights

DB-2

P2PLAN

Console to Mixer

Via Fader Control

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 18

!  10 kg monopole antenna on mast !  30W BS radio in Tx Room plus a

provisional WS database for bootstrapping with WSD at CP

!  Regulators need to think carefully and legitimize this sort of thinking for the rural broadband connectivity in Africa

Coming Up Next

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 19

Session 6_1 - ITU www.itu.int/ITU-D/afr/events/FTRA/.../Session6_FTRA2013_PaperI.pdf‎ Session 6_2 - ITU www.itu.int/ITU-D/afr/events/.../Session6_FTRA2013_PaperII_rev.pdf‎

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 20

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 21

Coming Up Next

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 22

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 23

TVWS Base Station Mounting at FM Radio Mast

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 24

2.4 km

18.57 km

7 km

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 25

*18.57 km from the BS A brighter tomorrow with

TVWS

Coming Up Next:

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 26

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 27

BS

www SW

Cisco Router

INTERNET IP: 41.87.3.82 Subnet: 255.255.255.252 GW: 41.87.3.81 DNS1: 41.221.96.67 DNS2: 41.221.96.68

192.168.3.1/≥100 (DHCP @ LAN/WAN)

Netgear Switch (SW) (192.168.3.x): Includes testmy.net ISP bandwidth monitoring

•  2Mbps from MTL ISP (Pilot)

•  155Mbps (STM1) from Fibre Cable

(Actual) July 2014~

CPE

CST00162  

UHF (CH31) ITU Region 1

Trango Radio Link

Alix

B

oard

ETH1: DHCP To LAN (St. Mary’s Computer Lab) at 192.168.0.x

ETH0: DHCP 192.168.3.x ETH2:

Reserve

Note: - Alix Boards Configured Using Voyage Linux - Python Script on Alix for Throughput Monitoring

POE

OSPF at BS

Alix 192.168.3.5

Physics POE

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 28

Terminal Description Station Name

CST00162 ICTP CPE 162 St. Mary’s Sec School CST00163 ICTP CPE 163 AirWing

CST00164 ICTP CPE 164 GPS (Seismology Dept.) CSB00490 ICTP Base 490 ZA TVWS Basestation

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 29

Coming Up Next

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 30

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 31

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 32

1.8 Mbps Max for Ext. Net 3.5 Mbps for Int. Net

!  Reduced cost on BS equipment cf. FBWA and mobile broadband solutions (3G, LTE)

!  Option for license exempt or cheaper license than FBWA and mobile broadband or licensed wireless spectrum in general

!  If internet bandwidth provisioning could be possible directly from sub-marine cables e.g. (SEACOM and EASSy) then user tariffs would be much lower:-current transiting costs are obscenely high and prohibitive. Exploring use of dark fibre.

!  Robust and reliable propagation and steady data rates at UHF band than in higher microwave and millimeter-wave bands

!  Prospect of building our own WSD (radios) and accessories (antennas) will reduce the hardware cost. We now seek partners and sponsors.

!  Traffic offloading solutions for Cellular networks.

!  What else?

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 33

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 34

Our UHF Butterfly antenna is simple design, low-cost, quick to fabricate and reliable

performance

Impedance, Z VSWR S11M

agni

tude

[S11

(dB

), Z

(Ohm

s)]

Frequency [MHz]250 375 500 625 750

-30

-15

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 35

Our UHF Butterfly antenna is simple design, low-cost, quick to fabricate and reliable performance

http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/study-groups/workshops/RWP1B-SMWSCRS-14/Pages/Presentations.aspx

!  John Shaw !  SG 6 - Opportunistic use of Spectrum – Horn of Plenty or Pandora’s Box

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 36

“In looking to the March 16th deadline, would the Government of Malawi be willing to formally submit this as a contribution to the WTDC?”- Dubai World Trade Centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from 30 March to 10 April 2014

www.accesspartnership.com

MACRA Says Check: 1. Government Approval 2. SADC / ATU Position 3. Microsoft Position 4. APT Paper Review

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 37

•  Introduced the Malawi TVWS as real and no mere hype. •  Malawi TVWS network performance and roadmap presented.

•  Areas for possible partnerships highlighted.

•  Global views and perceptions on TVWS exposed.

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 38

TV White Spaces, I presume? M.Zennaro, E.Pietrosemoli, A.Arcia-Moret, C.Mikeka, J.Pinifolo, C.Wang, S.Song TV White Spaces, I presume?, in proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD2013) An Assessment Study on White Spaces in Malawi Using Affordable Tools M.Zennaro, E.Pietrosemoli, JSP Mlatho, M.Thodi, C.Mikeka An Assessment Study on White Spaces in Malawi Using Affordable Tools, in proceedings of the IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference 2013 (Award Paper) http://www.ubuntunet.net/sites/ubuntunet.net/files/mikekac.pdf Mikeka, C, (2013). Piloting White Spaces for DSpaces in Malawi

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 39

1. What is the minimum tested internet speed (in kbps) that is required as a threshold to maintain an online or active status of the Carlson TVWS base station and its clients? >>The localized OMC will be ready in less than one month, where no bandwidth is needed. 2. Assuming that the TVWS clients are active and networked to the TVWS base station; what is the tested maximum speed of file transfer between a client and the base station? >>13 Mbps 3. How do you measure that speed as reported in (2) above? What is the measurement setup like? >>Jperf and standard packet testing protocols

vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr.  Chomora  Mikeka,  Director  for  Malawi  White  Spaces  Project 40

4. Is the speed in (2) and (3) above affected in anyway with the Internet speed used to keep alive the network i.e. as reported in (1) above? >>N/A with localized OMC 5. What are the factors that can affect these two speeds as discovered in 1 to 4 above? >>Link budget variables that affect potential available modulation such as link distance, obstacles, cable loss, antenna height etc.

Malawi TVWS Roadmap? June 2014 End of Trial Meanwhile: • Study of Phase II: Network Performance • Draft Regulations and WSD Specifications • Stakeholder Consultations