The Linnaeus Classification System - myCCSD
Transcript of The Linnaeus Classification System - myCCSD
Linnaean Classification
Created by Carolus
Linnaeus in 1735
Swedish botanist
Created an organized
system to categorize
plants and animals
Two-name system =
binomial nomenclature
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The Need for classification
Three reasons for classification:
It helps to identify relationships between organisms
It requires scientists to identify key characteristics of organisms
It helps to avoid confusion
Only one Latin name (Genus species)
Common names differ by culture & one species may have several common names
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Classification Taxa
An organism’s scientific name represents two taxa:
Genus – a group of closely related organisms
Examples: house cats, lions, tigers, bobcats, mountain lions, & cheetahs are in the genus Felis
Species – written in lower-case
usually a group of organisms that can reproduce together
Organisms are identified by their genus and species
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Seven main taxa
1. Kingdom =group of phyla
2. Phylum (division) = a group of classes
3. Class = group of related orders
4. Order = group of related families
5. Family = group of genera that share characteristics
6. Genus (genera) = group of closely related species
7. Species = Latin name for an individual organism
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Determining Taxa
How organisms are classified
Anatomical features
Theoretical evolutionary relationships – genetics
Common Problems:
Some organisms don’t fit neatly into defined groups
Ex: ratfish
Solution:
Assigning superlevels – creates higher divisions
Assigning sublevels – creates lower divisions (subphyla)
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Classification systems
Six-Kingdom system:
Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Three-Domain System
Domain Archaea
Domain Bacteria
Domain Eukarya
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Prokaryotes
Important primary producers in
the ocean
Characteristics of Prokaryotes
Structurally simple
Lack chromosomes or a nucleus
(only have DNA or RNA)
No mitochondria or chloroplasts
Believed to be the oldest types
of organisms
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Archaea & Bacteria
Includes Kingdoms Archaebacteria & Eubacteria
Most Archaebacteria are extremophiles
(live in mostly inhospitable environments)
Volcanic sulfur pools
Hydrothermal vents
Phylum Cyanophyta (Cyanophytes)
Eubacteria
Evolution of photosynthesis
Nitrogen fixation
Pigments contribute to the color of other organisms
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Eukaryotes (Eukarya)
Includes Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia
Single-celled to multi-cellular
Cell specialization
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Protists
The Kingdom Protista is made up of seven phyla:
Chlorophyta – green algae
Rhodophyta – red algae
Phaeophyta – brown algae
Dinophyta – dinoflagellates
Bacillariophyta – diatoms
Euglenophyta
Chrystophyta
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Plants & Animals
Not many plant species can
survive in the ocean
Can’t cope with salinity
Marine animal groupings:
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
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Animals
Invertebrates
Sponges
Cnidarians
Marine worms
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echonoderms
Chordates (vertebrates)
Reptiles, fish, birds, and mammals
No amphibian species in the ocean.
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Quiz
1. What are the three reasons for classification?
2. What are the six kingdom names?
3. How many phyla are in the kingdom protista?
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