The Kingdom Animalia : Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions
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Transcript of The Kingdom Animalia : Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions
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The Kingdom Animalia:Unifying Characteristics
and Major Divisions
I edited this power point from Eric Kessler
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Unifying Characteristics• Multicellular• Can generate movement• Haploid Gametes• Diploid Somatic Cells • Embryonic Development• Mitochondrial Eukaryotes• Heterotrophic• Aerobic Respiring
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Haploid Gametes• In animals the
adults produce haploid (having half the number of chromosomes) gametes through meiosis
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Diploid Somatic Cells• As the zygote
develops the resulting body or somatic cells are diploid
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The Embryonic Blastula• After fertilization of
an egg by sperm, the resulting diploid (having two pairs of chromosomes) zygote rapidly goes through mitosis
• All animals become a hollow sphere of cells called a blastula
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Gastrulation & The Gut• After the blastula
stage, in some animals cells migrate to the interior forming the primitive gut
• In Protostomes the initial pore forms the mouth, while in the Deuterostomes this pore forms the anus
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Mitochondrial Eukaryotes• Cells contain
Mitochondria inside that carry on Cellular Respiration
• O2 + Glucose CO2 + H2O + ATP
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Heterotrophic and Aerobic Respiring
• In order to acquire the Glucose necessary for cellular respiration animals must be consumers and eat organisms already containing glucose
• In order to acquire the Oxygen gas necessary for cellular respiration animals must have mechanisms of obtaining oxygen
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The Body Planes
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Types of symmetry
Photo. http://images.tutorvista.com/content/animal-kingdom/animal-symmetry-types.jpeg accessed 8/21/2012 11:32 EST.
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Spherical Symmetry
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Radial Symmetry• Body plan in
which the body parts are arranged regularly around a central axis (multiple planes cut into mirror halves)
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Bilateral Symmetry• Body plan in
which body parts are arranged into a left and right around a central plane (one plane cuts into mirror images)
• Cephalization results from this plan
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Cephalization• This describes the collection of
neural cells into one common location to form a brain or ganglion.
• Usually in bilateral animals.• Is associated with a mouth since
mouths require so much information processing.
Left: brain of child with Microcephaly Right normal child’s brain size
Cephalopod head
foot
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Segmentation• Segmented
organisms have a repeating series of body units that may or may not be similar to one another
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Major Divisions• Symmetry, Movement, &
Cephalization• Gastrulation & Gut Formation• Dermal Tissues & Coelome
Development• Segmentation
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Coelome Development:Acoelomate
• The coelome is a fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesodermal tissue
• Acoelomate animals lack a fluid filled cavity and are Triploblastic
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Pseudocoelomate• Pseudocoelomate
animals have a fluid filled cavity but it is not contained within mesoderm tissue. Instead it lies between the mesoderm and endoderm
• Pseudocoelomates are Triploblastic (having an Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm)
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Eucoelomate• Eucoelomate
animals have a true fluid filled cavity contained with in the mesoderm
• Eucoelomates are also Triploblastic