KINGDOM ANIMALIA: The Deuterostomesclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102/Lecture 7...
Transcript of KINGDOM ANIMALIA: The Deuterostomesclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102/Lecture 7...
KINGDOM ANIMALIA:
The Deuterostomes
chordates
echinoderms
Deuterostomes
arthropods
tardigrades Ecdysozoa
roundworms
Protostomes rotifers
mollusks Lophotrochozoa annelids
flatworms
Animals with a 3-layer embryo
cnidarians Animals with tissues
sponges
placozoans Animals
Animal Diversity
2
Fig. 25-7b, p. 407
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Chordata
DEUTEROSTOME COELOMATES
3
Phylum Echinodermata
Echinoderm = “spiny skin”
~10,000 species (mostly marine)
Examples
Sea star, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar
DEUTEROSTOMES
4
Characteristics
5 part body plan
Symmetry (most)
Larvae bilateral
Adult “radial”
Water vascular system
Movement
Echinoderms
5
Water Vascular System
6
chordates
echinoderms
Deuterostomes
arthropods
tardigrades Ecdysozoa
roundworms
Protostomes rotifers
mollusks Lophotrochozoa annelids
flatworms
Animals with a 3-layer embryo
cnidarians Animals with tissues
sponges
placozoans Animals
Animal Diversity
7
Fig. 25-7b, p. 407
~50,000 species
4 common features
Notochord
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Post anal tail
Other common characteristics
Bilateral
Coelomate
Cephalization
Complete digestive system
Closed circulatory system
PHYLUM CHORDATA
8
Vertebrates & invertebrate species
Invertebrate chordates
No backbone
~2,100 species
Vertebrate chordates
Backbone of cartilage or bone
Brain enclosed in skull
Chordates
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lancelets
tunicates
hagfishes
lampreys cartilaginous
fishes
ray-finned fishes
lobe-finned
fishes
lungfishes
amphibians “reptiles”
birds mammals
amniotes
tetrapods
swim bladder or
lungs jawed
vertebrates
vertebrates
craniates
ancestral chordates
Chordate Phylogeny
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Lancelets (Amphioxis)
Scaleless, fish-like
Notochord extends to front of
head
Invertebrate Chordates
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Subphylum Urochordata
Tunicates (Sea Squirts)
Motile larvae, sessile adults
Invertebrate Chordates
12
lancelets
tunicates
hagfishes
lampreys cartilaginous
fishes
ray-finned fishes
lobe-finned
fishes
lungfishes
amphibians “reptiles”
birds mammals
amniotes
tetrapods
swim bladder or
lungs jawed
vertebrates
vertebrates
craniates
ancestral chordates
Chordate Phylogeny
Jawless Jawed
Cartilage Skeleton Bony Skeleton
Ray-finned Lobe-finned
FISH
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Hagfish
Predators, scavengers
Predators, scavengers
Characteristics
Jawless
Cartilage skeleton
Unpaired fins
No backbone!
Craniate Invertebrate
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Lampreys
Predators
(almost parasites)
Characteristics
Jawless
Cartilage skeleton
Unpaired fins
Have a backbone!
Jawless Vertebrate
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lancelets
tunicates
hagfishes
lampreys cartilaginous
fishes
ray-finned fishes
lobe-finned
fishes
lungfishes
amphibians “reptiles”
birds mammals
amniotes
tetrapods
swim bladder or
lungs jawed
vertebrates
vertebrates
craniates
ancestral chordates
Chordate Phylogeny
“Cartilage fish”
Examples
Sharks, skates, rays
Characteristics
Jaws
Teeth not fused to jaw
Cartilage skeleton
Calcified
Gill slits separate &
exposed
Class Chondrichthyes
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lancelets
tunicates
hagfishes
lampreys cartilaginous
fishes
ray-finned fishes
lobe-finned
fishes
lungfishes
amphibians “reptiles”
birds mammals
amniotes
tetrapods
swim bladder or
lungs jawed
vertebrates
vertebrates
craniates
ancestral chordates
Chordate Phylogeny
Ray-finned fish (“ray-wing”)
Most fish species
Examples
Trout, salmon, etc.
Characteristics
Jaws
Skeleton of bone
Swim bladders (most)
Paired fins
Single gill opening (operculum)
Bony fishes
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Bony Fish Body Plan
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Lobed-finned fish (“flesh-wing”)
General characteristics like bony-fish
Ventral fins (paired) formed from fleshy body
extensions
Example: coelacanth
Lungfish
Other bony fish
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lancelets
tunicates
hagfishes
lampreys cartilaginous
fishes
ray-finned fishes
lobe-finned
fishes
lungfishes
amphibians “reptiles”
birds mammals
amniotes
tetrapods
swim bladder or
lungs jawed
vertebrates
vertebrates
craniates
ancestral chordates
Chordate Phylogeny
“Double-life” ~5,700 species
Examples
Frogs, toads, newts, salamanders
Characteristics
Reproduction tied to water
Respiration: lungs, gills and/or skin
Moist glandular skin
3-chambered heart
Ectotherms
Class Amphibia
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lancelets
tunicates
hagfishes
lampreys cartilaginous
fishes
ray-finned fishes
lobe-finned
fishes
lungfishes
amphibians “reptiles”
birds mammals
amniotes
tetrapods
swim bladder or
lungs jawed
vertebrates
vertebrates
craniates
ancestral chordates
Chordate Phylogeny
Fig. 26-16c, p. 442
snakes
lizards
“stem”
reptiles tuataras
ichthyosaurs
plesiosaurs
birds
therapod
dinosaurs
other dinosaurs
pterosaurs archosaurs
crocodilians
turtles
therapsids anapsids
synapsids mammals
PALEOZOIC ERA MESOZOIC ERA
TERTIARY
TO
PRESENT
CARBONIFEROUS PERMIAN TRIASSIC JURASSIC CRETACEOUS
“To creep”
~ 8,000 species
Examples
Snakes, lizards,
turtles, crocodiles &
alligators
Characteristics
Dry skin
Scales
Ectotherms
Amniotic egg
Class Reptilia
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lancelets
tunicates
hagfishes
lampreys cartilaginous
fishes
ray-finned fishes
lobe-finned
fishes
lungfishes
amphibians “reptiles”
birds mammals
amniotes
tetrapods
swim bladder or
lungs jawed
vertebrates
vertebrates
craniates
ancestral chordates
Chordate Phylogeny
Examples
Birds
10,000 species
Characteristics
Feathers
Modified forelimbs (wings)
Leg scales
“Hollow” bones
Endotherms
Amniotic egg (calcareous shell)
Class Aves
31
Kookaburra sits in the old gumtree…
lancelets
tunicates
hagfishes
lampreys cartilaginous
fishes
ray-finned fishes
lobe-finned
fishes
lungfishes
amphibians “reptiles”
birds mammals
amniotes
tetrapods
swim bladder or
lungs jawed
vertebrates
vertebrates
craniates
ancestral chordates
Chordate Phylogeny
4,500 species
Characteristics
Hair
Mammary glands
Teeth
Specialized
Endotherms
Class Mammalia
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Heterodont dentition
Mammalian Teeth
35
Oviparous
Egg layed and young develop externally
Viviparous
Eggs develop within mother’s body, young born live
Ovoviviparous
Eggs retained and hatch within mother’s uterus
Chordate Development
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Oviparous Viviparous
Pouched Placental
Mammalian Diversity
37
Order Monotremata
Oviparous mammals
Feed off milk after hatching
Monotremes
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Order Marsupialia
Viviparous pouched mammals
Nourished by yolk sac during early development
Non-placental
“Premature” birth; feed off milk in pouch
Marsupials
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Viviparous placental mammals
Embryo nourished through entire development within
uterus
Placental Mammals
40