The Jesuits in Ireland - reformation.org Jesuits in Ireland € This exposé is under construction...

Here is the dictionary definition of the word Jesuit and Jesuitism BEFORE the dictionary was OWNED by the Jesuits:

Triune Christianity was brought to Ireland by the faithful Saint Patrick in the year 405. At that time, the island was known by the name of Hibernia or Scotia. The name of the island was changed after the Norman invasion of 1140.

The island was also known as the Island of Saints and Scholars. Hibernian Christians had no contact with Old Rome until the 12th century, and no monk was seen on the island until the time of Malachy O' Morgain in 1140:

This memoir lifts the veil and shows us the first monks and monasteries stealing into Ireland. "St Malachy, on his return to Ireland from Rome," says St. Bernard, "called again at Clairvaux . . . and left four of his companions in that monastery for the purpose of learning its rules and regulations, and of their being in due time qualified to introduce them into Ireland." In all countries monks have formed the vanguard of the papal army. 'He, (Malachy) said on this occasion," continues St. Bernard, "They will serve us for seed, and in this seed nations will be blessed, even those nations which from old time heard of the name of monk, but have never seen a monk.' If the words of the Abbot of Clairvaux have any meaning, they imply that up till this time, that is, the year 1140, though Ireland was covered with institutions which the Latin writers call monasteries, the Irish were ignorant of monks and monkery. (History of the Scottish Nation vol. II, chapter 18).

The most distinctive characteristic of the Roman monk was the TONSURE or round shaven pate.

The Jesuits flocked into Ireland before the invasion of the "Invincible" Armada!!

The Jesuits flocked into Ireland before the invasion of the "Invincible" Armada. Should the invasion be successful, they were to lead an army and invade England from the rear.

The Jesuits in Ireland

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JESUIT, n.

One of the society of Jesus, so called, founded by Ignatius Loyola; a society remarkable for their cunning in propagating their principles. (Noah Webster's 1828 Dictionary).

JESUITISM, n. The arts, principles and practices of the Jesuits.

1. Cunning, deceit; hypocrisy; prevarication; deceptive practices to effect a purpose.

of 14The Jesuits in Ireland

9/25/2009http://www.reformation.org/jesuits-in-ireland-pdf.html

The gracious Queen Elizabeth I actually paid for a translation of the Bible into Gaelic:

Queen Elizabeth I was fluent in several languages, and she paid for the translating of the Bible into the Gaelic language of Ireland:

In 1570 Pope Pius V. issued his Bull excommunicating Elizabeth and deposing her, a proceeding to which according to Mr. Richey, may be traced the subsequent misfortunes of the Roman Catholics of England and Ireland. From that time to the end of her reign the national party began more and more to put forward the religious side of the quarrel, and to connect themselves with the Roman Catholic party on the Continent. Meanwhile a movement was taking place which, if followed up, would have had important results. John Kearney, treasurer of S. Patrick's, who had been educated at Cambridge, and Nicholas Walsh, chancellor of the cathedral, got an order made that the Church services should be printed in the Irish language, and a church set apart in the chief town of every diocese where they were to be read and a sermon preached to the common people. The Queen was warmly interested in the design, and provided at her own expense a printing press and Irish type, "in hope that God in His mercy would raise up some to translate the New Testament" into their mother tongue. She even set about learning the language herself, and there is in existence a small elegantly written volume prepared for her by Lord Delvin, containing the Irish alphabet, with instructions for reading the language. 'Proceed, therefore, proceed, most gracious sovereign, in your holy intent,' Lord Delvin says; and he tells the Queen that 'in this generous act she will excel all her ancestors.' The first book printed with the type provided by the Queen for the instruction of the native Irish was a catechism and primer, the title of which was : "Alphabetum et ratio legendi Hibernicum et Catechismus in eadem lingua." (Olden, History of the Church of Ireland, pp. 332-333).

Of course, everybody knows what happened to the "Invincible" Armada. Many of the Spaniards were shipwrecked on the Irish coast and were immediately robbed and killed on the beaches. The supernatural defeat of the Armada was not enough to convince everybody that JEHOVAH was fighting for England against the Spanish Inquisition.

Oliver Cromwell created the fanatical Irish Roman Catholicism!!

A typical Jesuitical trick is to persecute their own dupes and thereby gain sympathy for their cause. The

Queen Elizabeth I.

In 1588, England was threatened by the largest fleet ever

assembled up to that time.

It was called the "Invincible" Armada.

The Jesuits were on standby in Ireland to open a second front

should the invasion be successful.

Defeat of the Spanish Armada, by Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, depicts the battle

of Gravelines.



most notorious example of this strategy is the case of Galileo and his moving earth madness.

Cromwell arrived in Ireland in September 1649, with a small army of about 12,000 men. His soldiers were carrying BIBLES and swords and quoting Scripture....Ireland had many men who were loyal to King Charles II and they were led by James Butler, Duke of Ormonde.

As usual, on all his campaigns, Cromwell consulted closely with his Jesuit advisers:

During the expedition to Ireland (although Parliament had ordered that anyone giving shelter to a priest or to a Jesuit, even for a single hour, should lose his life and forfeit his property), a Jesuit, Fr. Nicholas Netterville, was on terms of great intimacy with Cromwell, often dining at his table and playing chess with him. When Captain Foulkes accused him of being a priest, he said, " I am a priest and the Lord General knows it, and (you may) tell all the town of it, and that I will say Mass here every day. (Taunton, History of the Jesuits in England, p. 427).

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658).

Reigned from 1653 to 1658.

Oliver Cromwell is considered a HERO in England but in Ireland he is as hated as Hernán Cortés

in Mexico.

His statue in London has a sword in one hand and a BIBLE

in the other!!

He is a great recruiter for the Irish Jesuits, and it is a wonder that they have not made him a

"saint."

Cromwell's statue in front of Parliament in London.

Cromwell bombards Drogheda before storming the city.

Over 30,000 Protestant

Christian men, women, and children were killed in the

Sack of Magdeburg

during the 30 Years' War but

the small number killed in

the siege of Drogheda was

great recruitment

propaganda for the Jesuits.

Flyer issued by the Jesuits depicting the Sack of Drogheda by

Cromwell.



The Great Irish Famine and the Jesuits!!

Patrick Kennedy—the founder of the Kennedy dynasty in the United States—left Ireland in 1849 during the height of the Great Famine.

At that time, the Irish Parliament was in London, and they had equal representation with the Scottish peers. Most of them were not in the least interested in any kind of famine relief.

The Irish peasantry were totally demoralized by the teachings of Old Rome which condemns all industry and progress. Faith was replaced by fatalism and the living waters of the Spirit were replaced by the unholy spirit of alcohol. The people relied on one food source: the potato, and when that crop failed in 1846, the Jesuit dominated London government made sure that millions starved to death.

This Jesuit strategy was very successful, because millions emigrated to the United States and all parts of the British Empire. The Kennedy political dynasty was founded by one such emigrant who left Ireland at that time.

The Kennedys and British Royalty!!

The Kennedy dynasty prospered in the booze business in Boston and were able to buy their way to respectability.

In 1938, Joseph P. Kennedy—the grandson of the founder— was appointed U.S. ambassador to Great Britain!!

One would think that this would be the LAST PLACE on earth for a Kennedy to end up but all this was a cunning Jesuit strategy to place a member of the Church of Rome at the very pinnacle of the British royal family.

Kennedy had 2 goals as ambassador to the Court of St. James:

Kennedy was pro-Hitler and said that it was useless for Britain to resist the Nazis. Roosevelt eventually recalled him as ambassador when Great Britain declared war on Nazi Germany.

Lord John Russell (1792-1878).

Prime minister from 1846 to 1852.

Lord John Russell served as prime minister during the entire time of the famine.

He later worked with Lord Palmerston to intervene in the

U.S. Civil War.

His main goal was to get the Irish to leave the bog and

grog in order to spread Romanism throughout the English speaking world.

Destitute famine victims.

1. Convince the British people that resistance to Hitler was useless.

2.Marry one of his daughters into the upper echelon of the British nobility.



Kathleen "Kick" Kennedy was the 2nd oldest daughter of the ambassador. While in London, she met and married a top British peer: William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington.

This wedding made the new Marchioness of Hartingon one of the most important women in Britain:

A great deal more than marriage to Billy Hartington was at stake. Billy's mother, Lady Mary, served the queen as mistress of the robes, a hereditary role that made the duchess of Devonshire the second most important woman in British society. The position involved ceremonial duties that were closely tied to the governance of the Anglican Church. This fact alone should have ruled out Kick—the Catholic granddaughter of a Boston Irish saloonkeeper—but with typical Kennedy hubris, she saw no reason why she should let hundreds of years of history, ritual, and tradition stand in her way. (Klein, The Kennedy Curse, p. 134).

This marriage would be fitting revenge for the Jesuits because Billy's ancestors were pillars of the Reformation in England and Ireland:

Because of the family's ambitions and its Irish American constituency, Billy was probably the worst possible marriage partner for her. Billy's ancestors had played a leading role in the spread of Protestantism throughout England and Ireland. On Billy's mother's side Robert Cecil, chief minister to James I, had refused to permit the Prince of Wales to marry the Spanish Infanta because she was a Roman Catholic. (McTaggart, Kathleen Kennedy: Her Life & Times, p. 156).

Ambassador Kennedy in London.

From the bogs of Ireland to the Court of St. James via the

United States.

Kennedy had BIG plans for his 2nd oldest daughter, Kathleen.

These plans included marrying one of the top aristocrats in

England, and supplanting the Church of England with the

Church of Rome.

Joseph P. Kennedy with his wife and 5 children in London.

Kathleen Kennedy (1920-1948).

Kathleen Kennedy became the Marchioness of Hartington when she

wed Billy Hartington in May, 1944.

In the photo can be seen the Duchess of Devonshire and Joe Kennedy.

Billy was one of the TOP royals in Britain and his mother was lady-in-

waiting to the queen.

Billy was killed in action 4 months later.

The Hartington-Kennedy wedding.



The new Lady Hartington did not enjoy her new role for very long. Her husband was killed in action only 4 months later.

The Marchioness of Hartington and her lover were killed in a plane crash!!

In 1946, when the grieving for her lost husband was over, Lady Hartington met the debonair Peter Wentworth-FitzWilliam, 8th Earl Fitzwilliam. During the war, Peter was a commando and cut a dashing figure. He was also one of the richest men in Britain.

The two lovers were on their way to a tryst in the south of France when their plane crashed during a severe thunderstorm....The pilot and his radio operator was also killed in the crash....Obviously, the involvement of Kathleen Kennedy with a married man was hushed up by the Kennedy family as JFK was planning to capture the Presidency of the United States!!

Joe Kennedy was killed in a plane crash trying to be a WAR HERO like his brother!!

Ambassador Kennedy also had BIG plans for his oldest son: Joseph Patrick....Joseph Patrick "Joe" was designated to become the first Roman PRESIDENT of the United States.

As a candidate for the Presidency, it doesn't hurt if you are a WAR HERO, so Joe Kennedy enrolled in flight training school and was stationed in England. By D-Day, Joe had completed his 35 required patrols and was due to return home without any medals.

In August, 1943, Joe heard that his younger brother Jack was hailed as a WAR HERO by the press because his boat, PT109, was rammed by a Japanese destroyer in the Pacific Ocean.

Lady Hartington.

Lady Hartington and Lord Fitzwilliam

became lovers even though Fitzwilliam was

a married man.

They both died in a plane crash in the

Rhône Valley on May 13, 1948.

Peter Wentworth-Fitzwilliam (1910-1948).



Joe had to outdo his WAR HERO brother, so he volunteered to fly a plane packed with 11 tons of explosives over a V-I site in France.... Before reaching their destination, Kennedy and his copilot were supposed to bail out and the plane was steered by remote control to the target. It was basically an experimental SUICIDE mission and none of the previous flights had been successful.

Kennedy's plane exploded over the east coast of England and his body was never recovered.

His WAR HERO but SICKLY brother Jack had to assume the fallen mantle of his older brother. Jack Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on Nov, 22, 1963.

The Irish Ignatius Loyola!!

The Irish Ignatius Loyola was named Edmund Rice. He was the founder of an order of lay MONKS whose constitution mirrored that of the perpetually banned Jesuits.

After the Jesuits were perpetually banned by Pope Clement XIV, they were forbidden to operate openly in Roman Catholic countries.

Many of these firebrands found a refuge in the British Empire . . . and especially in Ireland.

Joseph P. Kennedy (1915-1944).

Joe Kennedy was designated to become the first Roman President of the United

States.

Competition was fierce among the Kennedy brothers.

His younger brother Jack was called a WAR HERO by the press because his boat was rammed by the Japanese in

the Pacific.

Joe had to outdo his brother Jack , and thus the suicide mission which ended his

life.

Naval Aviator Kennedy.

Edmund Ignatius Rice (1762-1844).

Jesuit monks were not required to wear the round tonsure. They took 3 vows:

poverty, chastity, and obedience.

Most of them were recruited from the lowest dregs of

society and had little formal education.

The vow of chastity meant that they promised never to marry!!

Statue of Rice with one of his boys in Co. Kilkenny.



Edmund Rice looked upon himself as the first general of the Order:

The community moved closer to their goal on 15 August 1809 when, after an eight-day retreat, and again in the presence of Dr Power, they made perpetual rather than annual vows. On this occasion they also pledged themselves to the charitable instruction of poor boys and each adopted a religious name. Edmund Rice became Brother Ignatius after the Spanish hidalgo, Ignatius Loyola, who founded the Society of Jesus and led the counter reformation movement with a degree of piety, zeal and self-sacrifice that astonished most of Europe. The proselytising campaign in Ireland has been called the Second Reformation, and if this is a valid description, it can be said of Brother Ignatius that his role in the Second Counter Reformation was not dissimilar to that of Ignatius Loyola in the first. (Rushe, Edmund Rice: The Man and His Times, p. 48).

These men from the very dregs of society were forbidden to marry which the Bible calls a DOCTRINE OF DEVILS:

Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils; Speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron; Forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth. (I Timothy 4:1-3).

The monks soon dispensed with their vows of poverty when they started charging tuition to the parents of rich children. When the "free" State was established in 1922, their reformatories were gold mines with the children providing free labor and the financial subsidies granted by the State.

Edmund Ignatius Rice was a common BUTCHER!!

Not much is known about the early life of Edmund Rice but the regular clergy called him a common butcher. Just like the Jesuits, the lay monks under Rice were not subordinate to the local bishops, and were the subject of constant complaints to Rome:

But the campaign (against Rice) reached a new level of malice when, in September 1818, a lengthy document was sent to the Cardinal Prefect of Propaganda, allegedly bearing the signatures of seventeen parish priests of the Waterford diocese: 'It may not be amiss', it went in part, 'to give Your Eminence a brief outline of Rice the Monk's life, in order to form an opinion of his now malicious interference - this man sometime was a dealer in cattle and common butcher in the streets of Waterford. Your Eminence will judge from this, his slaughtering profession, of the savageness of his nature and absence of tender sensibility and want of human feeling. This impertinent intruder in the affairs of the sanctuary was of habits irregular and of desires lustful....This is a truth we all know and so do the laity of Waterford.... It is even known to some now living in the city of Rome— ashamed of his misfortunes, he entered on a religious life and how happy the change, if he be truly repented and did not meddle in other people's concerns. Not still satisfied, this wretched man's ambition also is to become a perpetual general of his Institute in order to lord it over the priests and bishops, to be under no control by the introduction of Benedict the 13th's Bull into Ireland which we humbly protest against for piety sake.' (Rushe, Edmund Rice: The Man and His Times, p. 70).

A "free" State for pedophile monks!!



By 1920, these lay monks had established reformatories all over Ireland. The reformatories were actually slave labor camps for children somewhat like the Gulags in Russia.

Under the British system, reformatories were phased out by the end of the 19th century. Children of broken homes were placed in foster care with other families. Not so in Ireland. These corrupt monks wanted to have access to the children at any cost.

Thomas Derring was Minister for Education from 1932 until 1939 and again from 1943 until 1948. He worked closely with de Valera and the Roman hierarchy to ensure an endless supply of male and female children to the reformatories.

Upon entering, all the children were given numbers and the "schools" were run with military precision.

The monks (who took vows of poverty) got a substantial sum from the government for every child thus incarcerated.

Slave labor and the substantial sums that they received from the government made the reformatories veritable gold mines. These institutions for boys and girls were found all over the country.

Éamon de Valera (1882-1975).

As long as Ireland was part of the United Kingdom, the number of young children available to the monks was severely limited.

The creation of the "free" state in 1922 changed all that.

The new government worked with the monks to incarcerate young

children behind thick prison walls.

Thomas Derrig (1897-1956).

Artane Industrial School in Dublin.

Most of the young boys

and girls committed to

the reformatories

were orphans or came from

broken homes. Judges

sentenced them to the prisons until they were 16

years old.

Military style dormitories.



Father Edward Flanagan became an advocate for the abused children!!

Despite the strict censorship of the clerical regime, word began to reach the outside world of the deplorable conditions in the reformatories.

In the United States, letters reached a famous priest named Father Edward Flanagan. Father Flanagan had opened a school for boys in Nebraska named Boys Town. Father Flanagan was known for his advocacy of humane treatment of children. He actually expelled the Jesuit monks from his school:

We have no "Christian Brotherhood" here at Boys Town. We did have them for five years but they left after they found out they could not punish the children and kick them around. (Father Flanagan's Legacy, p. 112).

Included with the letters were photographs of escaped children with whip marks, broken bones and bruises from the beatings of the merciless monks.

In 1946, Father Flanagan visited Ireland in person to see for himself the conditions of the reformatories.

Baltimore Fisheries School, in Co. Cork, was the last reformatory to be visited by Father Flanagan before he left for the U.S. at the end of July.

He publicly castigated the reformatories and urged parents not to send their children to those institutions:

Boys Town, Nebraska.

Father Edward Flanagan was an Irish born priest who opened Boys Town in 1917.

Boys Town grew until it eventually helped hundreds

of needy boys.

By 1945, Father Flanagan was one of the most famous priests in the United States.

Father Edward Flanagan (1886-

1948).

Father Flanagan in Ireland , 1946.

Great crowds greeted Father Flanagan on his

Irish tour.

He was treated like a movie star, and indeed a

Hollywood movie had been made about his life and

work.

His main interest however was to investigate conditions in the reformatories.

Baltimore Fisheries School, in Co. Cork, Ireland.



Fr. Flanagan was horrified to discover the widespread use of severe physical punishment in industrial and reformatory schools (and in prisons) in Ireland. In a statement issued to the press at the end of his visit to Ireland in July 1946, he described these institutions as "a disgrace to the nation."' He had given a series of public lectures in cities around the country. His packed audiences invariably included senior members of the Catholic Church. In Limerick and Waterford, for example, the local bishops were in attendance. He used the opportunities provided to elaborate on his own child care philosophy - to love, support and encourage the children in his care. But he also contrasted the approach of Boys Town USA to the attitudes towards children in care in Ireland. Addressing a packed audience at the Savoy Cinema in Cork, he stated: "You are the people who permit your children and the children of your communities to go to these institutions of punishment. You can do something about it, first by keeping your children away from these institutions." These remarks brought prolonged applause from the audience. The Irish Government, however, was not quite so ecstatic about Fr. Flanagan's criticisms of its child care institutions. Fianna Fail's Gerry Boland, the then Minister for Justice, responded angrily. In Dail Eireann, on 23rd of July 1946, he accused Fr. Flanagan of using "offensive and intemperate language" concerning "conditions about which he has no firsthand knowledge." (Father Flanagan's Legacy, p. 107).

The Jesuit monks listened to his every word and saw their incomes greatly threatened. When Erasmus of Rotterdam was asked why the Pope was persecuting Luther, this was his timeless reply:

He (Luther) hath touched the Pope's Crown and the bellies of the monks.

It seems that nothing has changed over the centuries.

Father Flanagan was poisoned for exposing the pedophile monks!!

Father Flanagan was determined to return to Ireland the following year and thoroughly investigate the reformatories and the Irish adult prison system.

Other international commitments delayed his return, and it was not until 1948 that the door was opened for a return visit. He had already written to the Irish government requesting permission to visit both adult and children's prisons:

In the middle of all this (international commitments), he had already written to the Irish Government requesting permission to visit a substantial number of penal institutions for both adults and children in the country. He anticipated arriving in Ireland during the summer of 1948. (Father Flanagan's Legacy, p. 114).



With the death of Father Flanagan, the one critic of the clerical regime that they feared most was gone. The unholy cooperation between the Jesuit monks and the government continued unabated:

His untimely death effectively marked the end of this controversial public debate surrounding the care of children in industrial schools. Almost twenty years were to elapse before the issue once again came into the public arena. In that twenty years, roughly 15,000 children served out their time in industrial schools throughout the country, enduring conditions which had changed little from those condemned by Fr. Flanagan in 1946. (Father Flanagan's Legacy, p. 114).

New blasphemy law in Ireland

DUBLIN—July 10, 2009.

In order to stifle criticism of the Jesuit regime in Ireland, the Irish Parliament passed a Blasphemy Bill making it a crime to criticize any religion. This bill is modeled after the blasphemy law in Saudi Arabia which makes it a crime to speak out against the false religion of Islam. Here is the text of the blasphemy bill:

The last picture: Arriving at Tempelhof Airfield, Berlin, May 14,

1948.

Father Flanagan was scheduled to arrive in Ireland

during the summer of 1948.

He never made it as he received

the cup of Borgia and died of a

"heart attack" on May 15, 1948,

Harnnack-Haus in Berlin where Father Flanagan died on the night of May 15.

36. Publication or utterance of blasphemous matter.

(1) A person who publishes or utters blasphemous matter shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction on indictment to a fine not exceeding €100,000. [Amended to €25,000]

(2) For the purposes of this section, a person publishes or utters blasphemous matter if (a) he or she publishes or utters matter that is grossly abusive or insulting in relation to matters held sacred by any religion, thereby causing outrage among a substantial number of the adherents of that religion, and (b) he or she intends, by the publication or utterance of the matter concerned, to cause such outrage.

(3) It shall be a defence to proceedings for an offence under this section for the defendant to prove that a reasonable person would find genuine literary, artistic, political, scientific, or

academic value in the matter to which the offence relates.

37. Seizure of copies of blasphemous statements.



Vital Links

The Assassination of President Kennedy—Solved At Last!!

References

Arnold, Bruce. The Irish Gulag: How the State Betrayed its Innocent Children. Gill & Macmillian, Dublin, 2009.

Arnold, Mavis & Heather Lskey, Children of the Poor Clares: The Story of an Irish Orphanage. Appletree Press, Belfast, 1985.

Klein, Edward, The Kennedy Curse. St. Martin's Press, New York, 2003.

Lonnborg, Barbara A & Lynch, Thomas J. Father Flanagan's Legacy. Boys Town Press, Boys Town, Nebraska.

Oursler, Fulton & Will Oursler. Father Flanagan of Boys Town. Doubleday & Co., Garden City, NY, 1948.

Raftery, Mary & Eoin O'Sullivan. Suffer the Little Children: The Inside Story of Ireland's Industrial Schools. Continuum, New York, 2001.

Rus

(1) Where a person is convicted of an offence under section 36, the court may issue a warrant (a) authorising any member of the Garda Siochana to enter (if necessary by the use of reasonable force) at all reasonable times any premises (including a dwelling) at which he or she has reasonable grounds for believing that copies of the statement to which the offence related are to be found, and to search those premises and seize and remove all copies of the statement found therein, (b) directing the seizure and removal by any member of the Garda Siochana of all copies of the statement to which the offence related that are in the possession of any person, specifying the manner in which copies so seized and removed shall be detained and stored by the Garda Siochana.

(2) A member of the Garda Siochana may (a) enter and search any premises, (b) seize, remove and detain any copy of a statement to which an offence under section 36 relates found therein or in the possession of any person, in accordance with a warrant under subsection (1).

(3) Upon final judgment being given in proceedings for an offence under section 36, anything seized and removed under subsection (2) shall be disposed of in accordance with such directions as the court may give upon an application by a member of the Garda Siochana in that behalf.

YouTube movie: The Magdalen Sisters YouTube movie: The Boys of St. Vincent

The Jesuits in Great Britain The Jesuits in France The Jesuits in Germany

The Jesuits in Russia The Jesuits in Japan List of Jesuit generals



he, Desmond. Edmund Rice: The Man and His Times. Gill & Macmillan, Goldenbridge, Dublin, 1981.

McTaggart, Lynne, Kathleen Kennedy: Her Life and Times. Thse Dial Press, Doubleday & Co., Garden City, New York, 1983.

Taunton, Ethelred L. History of the Jesuits in England. Methuen & Co., London, 1901.

Copyright © 2009 by Niall Kilkenny

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