The Islamic World

Chapter 8

8.1

… Islam complete the teachings of Judaism and Christianity. Mohammad is the last and greatest of the prophets… The Qur'an (Koran), the holy book of Islam, is the word of Allah (God) as it was revealed to Muhammad. The Qur'an should not be questioned or changed (or translated).… Allah, the God of Islam, is the creator of heaven and earth. No priests are necessary in Islam because people can communicate directly with Allah through prayer.… Salvation belongs only to Muslims who follow a strict moral code

Beliefs of IslamBeliefs of Islam

8.1

1. Muslims must accept and repeat the statement of faith: There is not God but God, and Muhammad is his prophet.”

2. At least five times a day, believes must face the holy city of Mecca and pray.

3. Muslims must be generous to the poor.4. Fasting during Ramadan (the ninth month) from sun-

up to sun-down5. 5. Muslims who are physically and financially able

must make at least one pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca.

Five Pillars of IslamFive Pillars of Islam

I. The Rise & Spread of Islam(sorry, there are a lot)

• Arabian Peninsula

• Middle East• oases• Mecca• Bedouins• Muhammad• prophet• Allah• emigration• hijra• Medina

• Kaaba• Islam• Muslims• Five Pillars of Islam• Quran• ”people of the book”• jihad• caliphs• Abu Bakr• Umar• Uthman• Ali• Sunni• Shiite/Shia• Umayyad Dynasty

• Moors• Battle of Tours• Battle of Tales• Abbasid

Dynasty• Baghdad• Harun al-Rashid• Sufi• Seljuk Turks• sultan• Pope Urban II• The Crusades

8.1

True or False? Answer in your notebook

1. The Arabian Peninsula has no permanent rivers or other bodies of water.

2. Muhammad and his followers traveled to Mecca, which became known as “the city of the Prophet.”

3. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.

4. There are many connections in the Quran to Jewish and Christian beliefs.

5. The Shiite Muslims supported the leadership of the early caliphs.

Section 1•The founder of the Umayyad

Dynasty moved his capital from Medina to ______________.

•The Seljuks conquered the _______________ Peninsula, which was ruled by the Christian emperor at Constantinople.

8.1

Leaders of The Islamic WorldLeaders of The Islamic World

• The Prophet The Prophet Muhammad 610-632Muhammad 610-632

Rightly Guided CaliphsRightly Guided Caliphs• Abu Bakr – united Abu Bakr – united

Arabian peninsulaArabian peninsula• Umar- used armies to Umar- used armies to

take Islam out of take Islam out of ArabiaArabia

• Uthman – continued Uthman – continued expansionexpansion

• Ali – continued Ali – continued expansionexpansion

• Umayyad Dynasty 660-750Umayyad Dynasty 660-750– Moved capitol from Moved capitol from

Medina to DamascusMedina to Damascus– Conquered Rhodes, Conquered Rhodes,

Sicily, North Africa, & Sicily, North Africa, & AfghanistanAfghanistan

• Abbasid Dynasty 750-1255Abbasid Dynasty 750-1255– Build mosques, Build mosques,

schools, & hospitalsschools, & hospitals– New capitol at BaghdadNew capitol at Baghdad– Traded & supported the Traded & supported the

artsarts

8.1

Section 21.One of the holiest sites in the Islamic

World is the ____________________.2.____________, a philosopher and doctor

in the Islamic Empire, wrote medical encyclopedias that were used to teach doctors.

3.The cultural center of Islamic Spain was _________.

4.Islamic artist did not represent ______________ in their religious art because they believed only God could create life.

8.2

Persian Drinking

Horn

8.2

Qur'an from Egypt

8.2

Dome inside the mihrab at the Mosque of Córdoba

8.2

Camp of a Turkish Prince

8.2

Festivities During the Occasion of

the Coronation of Jahangir,

1605

8.3

8.1

8.4

8.3/4

Ottoman Empire

8.4

Ottoman Empire

8.4

Military Campaign of

Suleiman: 1529 Siege of Vienna

8.4

8.4

8.4

Islamic Civilization

8.R

8.R