Origins of the Prophets and Prophecy Marks of the Prophets Major Prophets Minor Prophets Origins...
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Transcript of Origins of the Prophets and Prophecy Marks of the Prophets Major Prophets Minor Prophets Origins...
Origins of the Prophets and Prophecy
Marks of the Prophets
Major Prophets
Minor Prophets
Origins of the Prophets and Prophecy
Marks of the Prophets
Major Prophets
Minor Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Prophets and Prophecy
1. The prophet is a special kind of messenger from God
2. Prophets were present through the early and late stages of the Old Testament
3. Moses was God’s first messenger
4. Prophecy became a literary movement as the sayings of selected prophets were gathered and kept
5. “Former prophets” appeared in earlier times while the “latter prophets” later
Prophets and Prophecy
1. The prophet is a special kind of messenger from God
2. Prophets were present through the early and late stages of the Old Testament
3. Moses was God’s first messenger
4. Prophecy became a literary movement as the sayings of selected prophets were gathered and kept
5. “Former prophets” appeared in earlier times while the “latter prophets” later
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Major Prophets versus Minor Prophets The difference is related to the length of the book and not
the importance of the prophet or his message
Major Prophets versus Minor Prophets The difference is related to the length of the book and not
the importance of the prophet or his message
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Major prophetsMajor prophets Minor prophetsMinor prophets
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Ezekiel
Hosea
Joel
AmosObadiah
Jonah
Micah
NahumHabakkuk
Zephaniah
HaggaiZechariah
Malachi
Prophecy
1. Prophets received a call from God and felt compelled to leave their former way of life to follow it
2. Ways they received the call to prophecy: voices, dreams, visions, inspiration to share God’s message
3. They often spoke unpopular messages with the rulers
4. In general, the message of the prophets was meant to convert their listeners to God
5. They warned the people to repent of their sins under the penalty of punishment if they failed to do so
Prophecy
1. Prophets received a call from God and felt compelled to leave their former way of life to follow it
2. Ways they received the call to prophecy: voices, dreams, visions, inspiration to share God’s message
3. They often spoke unpopular messages with the rulers
4. In general, the message of the prophets was meant to convert their listeners to God
5. They warned the people to repent of their sins under the penalty of punishment if they failed to do so
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Call Narratives of Moses, Isaiah, and JeremiahCall Narratives of Moses, Isaiah, and Jeremiah
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
1. The setting is one of mystery / holiness
2. God initiates the call.
3. The personresists.
4. God reassuresthe person.
5. God sends the person on a mission.
Marks of Prophecy
1. Prophets inherited the role of Moses – They usually based their criticism of Israel on the statutes of Moses
2. Prophets were “spiritual warriors” – During the time of the kings, they were “demilitarized judges” or “specially selected messengers of God”
3. Prophets were social revolutionaries – Theirreligious concern (to serve YHWH and no other gods) was always accompanied by their social and political concerns
Marks of Prophecy
1. Prophets inherited the role of Moses – They usually based their criticism of Israel on the statutes of Moses
2. Prophets were “spiritual warriors” – During the time of the kings, they were “demilitarized judges” or “specially selected messengers of God”
3. Prophets were social revolutionaries – Theirreligious concern (to serve YHWH and no other gods) was always accompanied by their social and political concerns
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Marks of Prophecy
4. Prophets were messengers of God – The prophets almost always spoke in the first person, as if God were speaking, by the use of the “messenger formula”
Marks of Prophecy
4. Prophets were messengers of God – The prophets almost always spoke in the first person, as if God were speaking, by the use of the “messenger formula”
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
The Book of Isaiah1. Isaiah is quoted in the New Testament
more than any other prophetic book2. It represents the work of more than one
writer, from more than one time:(a) Jer 1–39: details the ministry of the prophet in Jerusalem(b) Jer 40–55: written by an anonymous prophet living during the Babylonian exile; it includes four Servant Songs fulfilled in Christ (c) Jer 56–66: a mixture of poetry and prose that provide a message of hope
The Book of Isaiah1. Isaiah is quoted in the New Testament
more than any other prophetic book2. It represents the work of more than one
writer, from more than one time:(a) Jer 1–39: details the ministry of the prophet in Jerusalem(b) Jer 40–55: written by an anonymous prophet living during the Babylonian exile; it includes four Servant Songs fulfilled in Christ (c) Jer 56–66: a mixture of poetry and prose that provide a message of hope
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
The Book of Jeremiah
1. Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem through all the events of the siege and exile of the people
2. He preached that Judah was paying a price for its infidelity and the best course of action would be to submit to Babylon so Jerusalem could escape destruction
3. In his Temple Sermon he warns that those who oppress refugees, orphans, or widows to reform their evil ways
4. He suffered personal trauma for being a prophet with an unpopular message
The Book of Jeremiah
1. Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem through all the events of the siege and exile of the people
2. He preached that Judah was paying a price for its infidelity and the best course of action would be to submit to Babylon so Jerusalem could escape destruction
3. In his Temple Sermon he warns that those who oppress refugees, orphans, or widows to reform their evil ways
4. He suffered personal trauma for being a prophet with an unpopular message
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
The Book of Ezekiel
1. Ezekiel was deported with the first group of exiles in 597 and began his prophecy in Babylon
2. He experienced a series of bizarre visions and actions:
(a) Ez 1-24 – warns of Jerusalem’s impending doom
(b) Ez 33-48 – a resurrection of Jerusalem after the exile
4. His visions and actions:(a) the call to prophecy (Ez 1-3)
(b) the transport to Jerusalem (Ez 8-11)
(c) the valley of dry bones (Ez 37)
(d) the restored Israel (Ez 40-48)
The Book of Ezekiel
1. Ezekiel was deported with the first group of exiles in 597 and began his prophecy in Babylon
2. He experienced a series of bizarre visions and actions:
(a) Ez 1-24 – warns of Jerusalem’s impending doom
(b) Ez 33-48 – a resurrection of Jerusalem after the exile
4. His visions and actions:(a) the call to prophecy (Ez 1-3)
(b) the transport to Jerusalem (Ez 8-11)
(c) the valley of dry bones (Ez 37)
(d) the restored Israel (Ez 40-48)
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
The Book of Daniel1. Although Daniel did not receive the traditional call by
God to preach, the Catholic Old Testament includes it with the prophetic books
2. It has three main divisions which include prophecy, history, and apocalyptic literature
3. Apocalyptic literature:(a) Arose in circumstances of Jewish oppression(b) This highly symbolic writing protected the authors as well as the readers from persecution(c) Apocalyptic writing also found in sections of Ezekiel and Zechariah
The Book of Daniel1. Although Daniel did not receive the traditional call by
God to preach, the Catholic Old Testament includes it with the prophetic books
2. It has three main divisions which include prophecy, history, and apocalyptic literature
3. Apocalyptic literature:(a) Arose in circumstances of Jewish oppression(b) This highly symbolic writing protected the authors as well as the readers from persecution(c) Apocalyptic writing also found in sections of Ezekiel and Zechariah
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
The Minor Prophets1. The Book of Hosea – Hosea’s controversial marriage
symbolizes God’s relationship with Israel; his message is the faithfulness and love of God for his people
2. The Book of Joel – Joel is filled with apocalyptic images and describes the “day of the Lord” which would mark a new beginning when God will pour out his spirit on all humanity
3. The Book of Amos – Amos preached a strong message of social justice, speaking against many of the sins of those living in the northern kingdom and condemning the abuses of the wealthy
The Minor Prophets1. The Book of Hosea – Hosea’s controversial marriage
symbolizes God’s relationship with Israel; his message is the faithfulness and love of God for his people
2. The Book of Joel – Joel is filled with apocalyptic images and describes the “day of the Lord” which would mark a new beginning when God will pour out his spirit on all humanity
3. The Book of Amos – Amos preached a strong message of social justice, speaking against many of the sins of those living in the northern kingdom and condemning the abuses of the wealthy
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
The Minor Prophets4. The Book of Obadiah – Obadiah contains a harsh
denunciation of the Edomites who had participated in the sack of Jerusalem, and prophesies their destruction and Judah’s restoration
5. The Book of Jonah – A parable about God’s compassion on all people, even non-Jews, in which Jonah represents Israel who sinfully rejected God’s call and listened to their own voices
6. The Book of Micah – Micah warned the people that if they did not return to the Lord and observe the Law, they would be destroyed; writes of a messiah who would come to lead Israel to peace and justice
The Minor Prophets4. The Book of Obadiah – Obadiah contains a harsh
denunciation of the Edomites who had participated in the sack of Jerusalem, and prophesies their destruction and Judah’s restoration
5. The Book of Jonah – A parable about God’s compassion on all people, even non-Jews, in which Jonah represents Israel who sinfully rejected God’s call and listened to their own voices
6. The Book of Micah – Micah warned the people that if they did not return to the Lord and observe the Law, they would be destroyed; writes of a messiah who would come to lead Israel to peace and justice
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
The Minor Prophets7. The Book of Nahum – Nahum depicts YHWH as
both an avenger who protects his people from their enemies, but also as merciful, who orders the world in his moral goodness
8. The Book of Habakkuk – Habakkuk warned of Judah’s capture by the Babylonians and provided a lyrical reminder of Israel’s past
9. The Book of Zephaniah – Zephaniah’s prophesied a “day of the Lord” that would bring doom, yet in spite of the infidelities, God’s mercy would spare a holy remnant
The Minor Prophets7. The Book of Nahum – Nahum depicts YHWH as
both an avenger who protects his people from their enemies, but also as merciful, who orders the world in his moral goodness
8. The Book of Habakkuk – Habakkuk warned of Judah’s capture by the Babylonians and provided a lyrical reminder of Israel’s past
9. The Book of Zephaniah – Zephaniah’s prophesied a “day of the Lord” that would bring doom, yet in spite of the infidelities, God’s mercy would spare a holy remnant
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
The Minor Prophets
10. The Book of Haggai – Haggai sought to encourage the Jews to complete the rebuilding of the Temple
11. The Book of Zechariah – Zechariah too encouraged the completion of the Temple and predicted a messianic age to come
12. The Book of Malachi – The predominant theme is fidelity to God’s covenant and a prophecy about the coming messenger who would announce the day of the Lord
The Minor Prophets
10. The Book of Haggai – Haggai sought to encourage the Jews to complete the rebuilding of the Temple
11. The Book of Zechariah – Zechariah too encouraged the completion of the Temple and predicted a messianic age to come
12. The Book of Malachi – The predominant theme is fidelity to God’s covenant and a prophecy about the coming messenger who would announce the day of the Lord
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets
Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s WordPart 1E The Prophets