The Internet, Intranets, & Extranets

Chapter 7

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The Internet (1)

A collection of networks that pass data around in packets, each of which carries the addresses of its sender & receiver

Routers determine where each packet should be sent & forward the packet appropriately

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): A protocol that together with the IP protocol is used by most Internet applications (TCP/IP) (see Chapter 6)

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The Internet (2)

Backbone: High-speed (>T1) long distance links between routers

Uniform Resource Locator (URL): An assigned Internet address on the Web for each Web site, e.g., http://www.ngi.gov

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Top-Level Domain Affiliations (Extensions) on the Internet

.com Commercial organization

.edu Educational organization

.gov Governmental agency/organization

.mil Military branch/agency

.net Networking organization

.org Not-for-profit organization

.ca Canadian organization

.uk United Kingdom organization

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Accessing the Internet

LAN Servers Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) & Point-

to-Point Protocol (PPP)Communications protocol software that transmits

packets over telephone linesDial-up access to the Internet

Connection via On-Line Services, e.g., AOL, Microsoft Network (MSN)

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Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

A company that provides individuals or companies with access to the Internet Thousands of

providers worldwide Need an account with

the ISP & software that uses TCP/IP

CN ISPs include Sympatico, Escape, etc.

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Internet Services (1)

World Wide Web: Information search & retrieval

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Internet Services (2)

Voice Over IP (VOIP): Technology that enables network managers to route phone calls & fax transmissions over the same network they use for data; uses codec devices to compress data/voice for transmission

Content Streaming: A method of transferring multimedia files over the Internet so that the data stream of voice & pictures begins to play or can be read quickly, rather than waiting for the entire file to download

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The World Wide Web (1)

A collection of independently owned computers that work together as a single Internet service

Home Page: The index page for a Web site that is normally accessed first

Hypermedia: Files & linkages (hyperlinks) that connect the data on Web pages to other Web pages & URLs, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they wish

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): The standard programming language in which Web pages are written

Java: Object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++ that allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document

The Web

WWWW3

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The World Wide Web (2)

Web Browser: Applications software that provides a graphical interface to the Web

Web Page: A file, typically written in HTML, that is presented through a browser

Applet: A small program embedded within a Web page, normally written in Java or Javascript

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Intranets & Extranets

Intranet: An internal corporate network that uses Internet & Web standards to allow employees to access corporate information

Extranet: A network based on Web technologies that links an organization with its customers, suppliers, & business partners (not available to the public)

Firewall: Hardware or software that functions between an internal network & the outside world & limits access in & out of the internal network based on the organization’s access policy

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Internet Issues

Management IssuesNo centralized governing body for the InternetCapacity & reliability may vary among ISPs/carriers

Service BottlenecksPhenomenal growth has left a service voidProviders underestimate computing power needed (e.g.,

AOL crashed three times in one month last year)Reconciling router addresses needed to transverse the

network

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Net Issues - Privacy & Security (1)

Encryption & DecryptionThe conversion of a message into a secret code.

Digital SignatureAn encryption technique used for online financial transactions.

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Net Issues - Privacy & Security (2)

Firewalls: Look only at packet header Assured Pipeline: Looks at the entire request for

data & then determines whether the request is valid

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Case for discussion

US West Communications, pp. 331-332