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Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition
Chapter 4 Telecommunications, the Internet,
Intranets, and Extranets
Principles and Learning Objectives
• A telecommunications system has many fundamental components that must be carefully selected and work together effectively to enable people to meet personal and organization objectives– Identify and describe the fundamental components of a
telecommunications system including media and hardware devices
– Identify several network types and describe the uses and limitations of each
– Name three basic processing alternatives for organizations that require two or more computer systems and discuss their fundamental features
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 2
Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
• The Internet and the Web provide a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others are still evolving, and still others will fade away from lack of use– Briefly describe how the Internet works, including
alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers
– Describe how the World Wide Web works and the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web tools
– Identify and briefly describe several applications associated with the Internet and the Web
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 3
Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
• Because use of the Internet and World Wide Web is becoming universal in the business environment, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved– Outline a process and identify tools used to create
Web content– Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss
how organizations are using them– Identify several issues associated with the use of
networks
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 4
An Overview of Telecommunications
• Telecommunications– The electronic transmission of signals for
communications
• Telecommunications medium– Any material substance that carries an electronic
signal to support communications between a sending and receiving device
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 5
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 7
Channel Bandwidth
• The rate at which data is exchanged
• Broadband communications– A telecommunications system that can exchange
data very quickly
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 8
Communications Media
• Guided transmission media types– Many utilities, cities, and organizations are
experimenting with broadband over power lines (BPL)
• Wireless technologies– Broadcast of communications in one of three
frequency ranges: microwave, radio, and infrared– Near Field Communication (NFC)– Bluetooth– Ultra wideband (UWB)– Wi-Fi
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 11
Telecommunications Hardware
• Devices include: – Modems, multiplexers, PBXs and front-end
processors that enable electronic communications to occur or occur more efficiently
• Switches, bridges, routers and gateways – Devices for sending packets of data through one or
more networks
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 13
Services
• Digital subscriber line (DSL)– Telecommunications service that delivers high-
speed Internet access to homes and small businesses over the existing phone lines
• Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) line – Does not require an additional phone line and yet
provides “always-on” Internet access
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)– Enables voice conversations to be converted into
packets of data that can be sent over a data network
Networks and Distributed Processing
• Computer network– Communications media, devices, and software
needed to connect two or more computer systems and/or devices
• Network nodes– Computers and devices on the networks
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 17
Network Types
• Personal area network (PAN)– Wireless network that connects information
technology devices within a range of 33 feet or so
• Local area network (LAN)– Connects computer systems and devices within a
small area, such as an office
• Metropolitan area network (MAN)– Connects users and their computers in a geographical
area
• Wide area network (WAN)– Connects large geographic regions
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 18
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 20
Distributed Processing
• Centralized processing– All processing occurs in a single location or facility
• Decentralized processing– Processing devices are placed at various remote
locations
• Distributed processing– Computers are placed at remote locations but
connected to each other via a network
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 21
Client/Server Systems
• Multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions, such as:– Database management, printing, communications,
and program execution
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 22
Communications Protocols
• Set of rules that govern the exchange of information over a communications channel
• Protocols – Govern several levels of a telecommunications
network
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 23
Communications Software
• Network operating system (NOS)– Systems software that controls the computer
systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other
• Network management software– Simplifies the process of updating files and programs
on computers on the network
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 24
Use and Functioning of the Internet
• Internet– Collection of interconnected networks, all freely
exchanging information
• ARPANET– Ancestor of the Internet– A project started by the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD) in 1969
• Internet Protocol (IP)– Enables traffic to be routed from one network to
another as needed
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 25
How the Internet Works
• Packets– Carry the addresses of its sender and its receiver
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)– Widely used transport-layer protocol used in
combination with IP
• Backbone– One of the Internet’s high-speed, long-distance
communications links
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)– Assigned address
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 27
How the Internet Works (continued)
• Accessing the Internet– Internet access is not distributed evenly
• Connect via LAN server– Used by businesses that manage a LAN
• Connect via dial-up– Requires a modem that allows the computer to use
standard phone lines
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 28
How the Internet Works (continued)
• Connect via an online service– High-speed services provide data transfer rates
between 1 and 7 Mbp
• Connect wirelessly– Thousands of public Wi-Fi services are available in
coffee shops, airports, hotels, and elsewhere
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 30
Internet Service Providers
• Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
• Most charge a monthly fee
• Many ISPs and online services – Offer broadband Internet access through digital
subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 32
The World Wide Web
• A hyperlink-based system that uses the client/server model
• Organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a series of linked file
• Tools: Web browser, Web portal, Web plug-ins
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)– Standard page description language for Web pages
• Extensible Markup Language (XML)– Markup language for Web documents containing
structured information containing various elements
Web 2.0 and the Social Web
• The Web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information between users
• Rich Internet application– Software that has the functionality and complexity of
traditional application software, but does not require local installation and runs in a Web browser
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 33
Web Programming Languages
• Java– Object-oriented programming language from Sun
Microsystems based on C++– Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded
within an HTML document
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 34
Developing Web Content
• Products that simplify the creation of a Web page– .NET platform– Bubbler– Homestead QuickSites– JobSpot
• Mash-up: Programs and procedures combining two or more Web applications into a new service
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 35
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 36
Web Services
• Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites
• XML is key to Web services
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 37
Internet and Web Applications
• Search engines and Web research– Search engine
• Enables you to find information on the Web
• Scours the Web with bots that follow all Web links in an attempt to catalog every Web page by topic
• Important businesses tool used to drive visitors to Web sites
E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat
• E-mail – No longer limited to simple text messages
• Instant messaging– Online, real-time communication between two or
more people who are connected to the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 38
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 39
Career Information and Job Searching
• Search engines – Can be a good starting point for searching for
specific companies or industries
• Some sites – Can help you develop a résumé and find a good job
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 40
Telnet, SSH, and FTP
• Telnet – Network protocol that enables users to log on to
networks remotely over the Internet
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – Protocol that supports file transfers between a host
and a remote computer
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 41
Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting
• Web log (blog)– Web site that people can create and use to write
about their observations, experiences, and feelings
• Video log (vlog)– Video content placed on the Internet using the same
overall approach as a blog
• Podcast– Audio broadcast over the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 42
Chat Rooms
• Facility that enables two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)– Requires participants to type their conversation
rather than speak
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 43
Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services
• Internet phone service – Enables you to communicate with others around the
world
• Internet videoconferencing– Supports both voice and visual communications
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 44
Social Networks
• Provide Web-based tools for users to:– Share information about themselves with people on
the Web
• MySpace and Facebook– Popular social networking sites
• LinkedIn – Social network that allows professionals to find
others who work in the same field
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 45
Media Sharing
• Provide methods for members to store and share digital media files on the Web– YouTube– Flickr
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 46
Content Streaming
• Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet so that the data stream plays continuously
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 47
Shopping on the Web
• Bot (intelligent agent)– Software tool that searches the Web for information,
products, or prices– Can find the best prices or features from multiple
Web sites
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 48
Web Auctions
• A way to connect buyers and seller
• Web auction sites – Place where businesses are growing their markets
or reaching customers for a low cost per transaction
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 49
Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet
• Hot growth areas on the Internet– Music, radio, and video
• Radio broadcasts are now available on the Internet
• Video and TV are also becoming available on the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 50
Office on the Web
• Internet office – Web site that contains files, phone numbers, e-mail
addresses, an appointment calendar, and more– Allows your desktop computer, phone books,
appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 51
Other Internet Services and Applications
• Internet services are constantly emerging– Libraries– Critical information during times of disaster or
terrorism– Critical medical information– Translation– Distance learning
Intranets and Extranets• Intranet
– Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products
• Extranet– Network that links selected resources of the intranet
with customers, suppliers, or other business partners
• Virtual private network (VPN) – Secure connection between two points on the Internet
• Tunneling– VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP
packets and sending the packets over the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 52
Net Issues
• Management issues– No centralized governing body controls the Internet
• Service and speed issues– Traffic volume on company intranets is growing even
faster than the Internet
• Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet sites– Unauthorized and unwanted Internet sites are also
problems some companies face
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 53
Summary
• Telecommunications – Electronic transmission of signals for communications,
including telephone, radio, and television
• Telecommunications media – Guided transmission media and wireless media
• Network types– Personal area network (PAN)– Local area network (LAN)– Metropolitan area network (MAN)– Wide area network (WAN)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 54
Summary (continued)
• The Internet started with ARPANET
• Internet service provider – Any company that provides access to the Internet
• The Web – A collection of independently owned computers that
work together as one
• Web programming languages – Java, JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, and Hypertext
Preprocessor
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 55
Summary (continued)
• Intranet – Internal corporate network built using Internet and
World Wide Web standards and products
• Extranet – Network that links selected resources of the intranet
of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 56