THE INTERNATIONAL BATHYMETRIC CHART OF THE ARCTIC …
Transcript of THE INTERNATIONAL BATHYMETRIC CHART OF THE ARCTIC …
Compiled by
Contributions by
Martin Jakobsson*, University of New Hampshire, USARon Macnab*, Geological Survey of Canada (Retired)
Norman Cherkis*, Five Oceans Consultants, USA
Robert Anderson, U.S. Navy Arctic Submarine LaboratoryHarald Brekke, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
Bernard Coakley*, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, USADavid Divins*, National Geophysical Data Center, USA
Margo Edwards, University of Hawaii, USAValery Fomchenko*, Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography, Russian Federation
Garrik Grikurov*, VNIIOkeangeologia, Russian FederationJennifer Harding, Geological Survey of Canada
Hilmar Helgason*, Icelandic Hydrographic ServiceMartin Klenke, Alfred Wegener Institute, GermanyMorten Sand*, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
John Woodward*, Royal Danish Administration of Navigation and Hydrography
*Members of the IOC/IASC/IHO Editorial Board for IBCAO
Hans-Werner Schenke*, Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany
Compiled by
Contributions by
THE INTERNATIONAL BATHYMETRIC CHART OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN (IBCAO)
Map Production
Bathymetric and other information
Methods
Constructed from an assemblage of digital and analog information, this map is a modern version of Sheet5.17 of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) [Canadian Hydrographic Service, 1979].
The information used in the construction of this map consisted of: historic and recent under-ice soundingscollected by submarines of the United States and the United Kingdom; historic and recent observationscollected by icebreakers and drifting ice stations; and information portrayed in published navigation andcompilation charts. The locations of these data sets are shown in separate source distribution maps, whiledata contributors and relevant references are listed in this legend under "Data Contributions".
Although extensive, in some areas the database of digital trackline and spot observations contained criticalgaps that had to be augmented with information that was only available on paper maps and charts. In thecentral Arctic Ocean, original observations were augmented with contour information derived from a mappublished by the Russian Federation Navy [Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography et al., 1999].Similarly, contours extracted from maps published by the Geological Society of America [Perry et al., 1986;Cherkis et al., 1991; Matishov et al., 1995] were used in Bering Strait and in the Barents and Kara Seas. On thecontinental shelf adjacent to Siberia, soundings were extracted from a suite of navigational charts publishedby the Russian Federation Navy, and used to develop contours. Bathymetry in the Gulf of Bothnia wasderived from a compilation by Seifert and Kayser [1995]. Contours were extracted from the GEBCO DigitalAtlas (GDA) [IOC, IHO, and BODC, 1997] to supplement the database in the southern Norwegian-GreenlandSeas, in Baffin Bay, and in some areas of the Canadian Arctic.
Land relief was derived from the USGS GTOPO30 topographic model [U.S. Geological Survey, 1997], with theexception of Greenland, where the model developed by the Danish National Survey and Cadastre (KMS) wasused [Ekholm, 1996], and Alaska, where release 1.1 of the GLOBE topographic model was used
Coastline definition was provided by the World Vector Shoreline (WVS) in all areas exceptGreenland and northern Ellesmere Island, where an updated coastline was available from KMS.
[GLOBE TaskTeam, 1999].
Original soundings were corrected for sound velocity using Carter's Tables, or CTD (Conductivity,Temperature and Depth) profiles where available. Subsequently, all data (digitized isobaths; land and marinerelief grids; point, profile and swath observations; and vector shorelines) were imported into Intergraph'sGeomedia Professional, with projection parameters set to polar stereographic on the WGS 84 ellipsoid, andwith true scale at 75º N. Outliers, cross-track errors, and the fit between isobaths and original observation
Data Contributions
Printed Maps
Digital Compilations
The IBCAO compilation is based upon data sets that were acquired and/or provided by the organizationslisted below, and which were made available through individuals whose names are shown. References arealso listed for the published maps and digital compilations that were used. We thank the contributors ofthese data sets for their assistance in making this compilation possible.
Canadian Hydrographic Service, 1979, General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) Sheet 5.17:Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa, scale 1:6,000,000.
Cherkis, N. Z., Fleming, H. S., Max, M. D., Vogt, P. R., Czarnecki, M. F., Kristoffersen, Y., Midthassel, A., andRokoengen, K., 1991, Bathymetry of the Barents and Kara Seas: Geological Society of America Map andChart Series, MCH047, Boulder, Colorado, scale 1:2,313,000.
Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography, All-Russia Research Institute for Geology and MineralResources of the World Ocean (VNIIOkeangeologia), and Russian Academy of Sciences, 1999, Bottomrelief of the Arctic Ocean: Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography, St. Petersburg, Russia,scale 1:5,000,000.
Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography, 1989-1998, Hydrographic Charts: 11139, 11140, 11142,11143, 11150, 11152, 11155, 12230, 12334, 12335, 12344, 12348, 12401, 12404, 12407, 12417, 12428,12433, 13317, 13410, 13420, 13421, 13425, 13426, 13432, 14305, 14321, 14403, 14404, 14411, 14420,14421, 14427, 14433, 14434, 15430, 16442, 18330, 19448, 19453, 698, 948-955, scale 1:10,000 to1:700,000.
Matishov, G. G., Cherkis, N. Z., Vermillion, M. S., and Forman, S. L., 1995, Bathymetry of the Franz Josef LandArea: Geological Society of America Map and Chart Series, MCH080, Boulder, Colorado, scale 1:500,000.
Perry, R. K., Fleming, H. S., Weber, J. R., Kristoffersen, Y., Hall, J. K., Grantz, A., Johnson, G. L., Cherkis, N. Z.,and Larsen, B., 1986, Bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean: Geological Society of America Map and ChartSeries, MC-56, Boulder, Colorado, scale 1:4,704,075.
Bamber, J.L., Layberry, R.L., and Gogenini, S.P., 2001, A new ice thickness and bed data set for theGreenland ice sheet 1: Measurement, data reduction, and errors. Journal of Geophysical Research v.106, no. D24, p. 33773-33780.
Ekholm, S., 1996, A full coverage, high-resolution, topographic model of Greenland computed from a varietyof digital elevation data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, no. B10, p. 21,961-21,972.
GLOBE Task Team, 1999, The Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) Digital Elevation Model,Version 1.0. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center,Boulder, Colorado.
data were checked. Suspicious soundings were removed and, where contours showed major discrepancieswith soundings, the contours were adjusted manually to agree with trackline data.
After inspection all data sets were exported to an XYZ coordinate system for further manipulation with GMT(Generic Mapping Tools) public domain software [Wessel and Smith, 1995]. Initially, the data sets were pre-processed with the GMT block-median filter, after which they were gridded at a cell size of 2.5 x 2.5 km byfitting a surface of continuous curvature to all points with a tension parameter set to 0.35. The resulting gridwas exported to Intergraph’s MGE Terrain Analyst (MTA) for detailed inspection, and for the identification ofdiscrepancies that had to be addressed in the input data set. The data were then regridded and reinspectedfor residual discrepancies. This process was repeated until the results were judged to be satisfactory.
Final visualization of the gridded data was performed by means of the Fledermaus software for three-dimensional visualization. Artificial illumination was applied to the grid in order to produce a realisticrendering of relief on the seafloor and on the surrounding land. This procedure also emphasized minor dataproblems that had escaped previous corrections, such as isolated observation errors and mis-levelled tracksegments. These were eliminated from the map image.
The grid that was used for the construction of this map can be obtained in two forms: Cartesian with a cell sizeof 2.5 x 2.5 km at 75ºN, and Geographic with a cell size of one minute of latitude by one minute of longitude.These grids, along with detailed descriptions of their formats and the techniques employed in theirpreparation, can be downloaded at:
Numerous individuals and institutions contributed to the construction of this map. George Newton of theU.S. Arctic Research Commission was instrumental to the release of historic submarine data. The followingarranged support on behalf of their respective agencies: Odd Rogne of the International Arctic ScienceCommittee (IASC); Dmitri Travin of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); Rear AdmiralNeil Guy of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO); Commander John Joseph and Chris Butler ofthe U.S. Office of Naval Research International Field Office; Anders Karlqvist of the Swedish Polar Secretariat;Dick Hedberg of the Swedish Polar Committee; Jan Backman of Stockholm University. The Ymer-80Foundation funded digitizing of contour maps.
Grid Availability and Format
Acknowledgments
NOAA Grant NA97OG0241 supported the contribution byMartin Jakobsson in the preparation of this map . John K. Hall of the Geological Survey of Israel, G. LeonardJohnson of the University of Alaska, and George F. Sharman of NOAA/NGDC reviewed the printed version ofthe IBCAO map. This map was p
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/arctic/arctic.html
rinted with support from ONR Grant N00014-2-02-1-1120.
IHO Data Center for Digital Bathymetry, U.S. National Geophysical Data Center, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado.
IOC, IHO, and BODC, 1997, GEBCO-97: The 1997 Edition of the GEBCO Digital Atlas, published on behalf ofthe Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (of UNESCO) and the International HydrographicOrganization as part of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO): British OceanographicData Centre, Birkenhead (this publication includes a CD-ROM).
Seifert, T., and Kayser, B, 1995, A high resolution spherical grid topography of the Baltic Sea:Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte, Institut fur Ostseeforschung, Warnemunde.
U.S. Geological Survey, ed., 1997, GTOPO30 Digital Elevation Model: U.S. Geological Survey, EROS DataCenter, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
U.S. National Geophysical Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder,Colorado.
Canada Canadian Hydrographic ServiceGeological Survey of Canada
Denmark Royal Danish Administration of Navigation and Hydrography: Nielsen, A.Germany Alfred Wegener InstituteIceland Icelandic Hydrographic ServiceNorway Norwegian Petroleum DirectorateRussia Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography
VNIIOkeangeologiaSweden Stockholm University
Swedish Polar Committee: Hedberg, D.Swedish Polar Secretariat: Karlqvist, A.
United Kingdom Royal Navy Submarine ForceUnited States Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory: Hunkins, K., Coakley, B., Langseth, M., and Hall, J.K.
National Geophysical Data Center: Sharman, G. and Loughridge, M.S.Naval Research Laboratory: Crane, K., Fleming, H. S., Cherkis, N.Z., and Kovacs, L. C.U.S. Geological Survey: Grantz, A.U.S. Navy Submarine Force
Geomedia Professional,
Contributing Organizations
Key Software ApplicationsGMT (Generic Mapping Tools): Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith, 1995, New Version of the Generic
Mapping Tools Released, EOS Trans. AGU, 76, 329.IVS (Interactive Visualization Systems): Fledermaus 3D visualization and analysis softwareIntergraph: MGE Terrain Analyst (MTA)
Research PublicationNational Geophysical Data Center
Boulder, Colorado USA 803052004
RP-2
Bathymetric and topographic tints (heavy bars denote contours displayed on the map)
-5000 -4000 -3000 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 -200 -100 -50 -25 0-10 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Scale: 1:6 000 000Map projection: Polar stereographicStandard parallel: 75° NHorizontal datum: WGS 84
Solid earth topography under the Greenland ice cap hasbeen derived as contours from the Bamber et al [2001]5x5 km grid model and added to the chart as dashedcontours (-500, -200, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 m) and asolid (0 m) contour, all in gray.
Bathymetric contours are at 200, 500, multiples of 500meters depth to 3000 meters, and multiples of 1000meters deeper than 3000 meters. Depths are in correctedmeters (lake depths are not indicated).
1000 (Meters)
5001000
500
1000
2000
500
2000
3000 20001500
3000
500
500
2000
3000
500
10002000
500
2000
1000
3000
2000
1000
500
500
5001000
2000
500
1000
2000
500
500
500
1000
2000
5001000
4000
3000
4000
30002000
1000
500
2000
1000
500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
500
200
10001500
2000
1000
1500
1500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
200
200
200
200 200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
500
500500
200
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°W
100°
110°
120°
130°
140°
150°
160°
170°
180°
170°
160°
150°
140°
130°
120°
110°
100°
90°E
80°
70°
60°
50°
40°
30°
20°
10°
85° 80° 75° 70° 65°
Sev Dvina R.
Mezen R.
PechoraR.
ObR.
Yenisey R.
Pyasina R.
KhatangaR.
Ole
nek
R.
Lena R.
Ind
igi r
ka
R.
Kolyma R.
Co
lvil
leR
.
Yu
ko
nR
.
Mackenz ie R .
Great Bear
Lake
Back
R.
-200
-200
-200
-200
-200
-200
-200
-200
-200
-200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
200
200
200
200200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200 20
0
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1500
1500
1500
1500 1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
2000
2000
G
R
Ø
N
L
A
N
D
G
R
Ø
N
L
A
N
D
CA
NA
D
A
CA
NA
D
A
C H U K C H I
S E A
C H U K C H I
S E A
B E A U F O R T
S E A
B E A U F O R T
S E A
CHUKOTSKIY
PENINSULA
CHUKOTSKIY
PENINSULA
Be
rin
gS
tra
i t
Be
rin
gS
tra
i t
CA
NA
DA
BA
SI
N
CA
NA
DA
BA
SI
N
B A N K S
I S L A N D
V I C T O R I A
V I C T O R I A
I S L A N D
I S L A N DM E L V I L L EM E L V I L L E
I S L A N DI S L A N D
QU
EE
NE
LI
ZA
BE
TH
IS
LA
ND
S
QU
EE
NE
LI
ZA
BE
TH
IS
LA
ND
S
A X E L H E I B E R GA X E L H E I B E R G
I S L A N D
B O O T H I A
P E N I N S U L A S O M E R S E T
I S L A N D
PRINCE OF WALES IPRINCE OF WALES I
Mc
CL
I NT O C K C H A N N E L
Mc
CL
I NT O C K C H A N N E L
MI
E L V L L E P E N I AN S U L
MI
E L V L L E P E N I AN S U L
F O X E
B A S I N
B
A
F
F
IN
IS
LA
ND
B
A
F
F
IN
IS
LA
ND
B A F F I N
B A Y
LA
UG
EK
OS
TK
YS
TL
AU
GE
KO
ST
KY
ST
BRODEUR PENINSULABRODEUR PENINSULA
D E V O N
I S L A N DE L L E S M E R E I S L A N D
E L L E S M E R E I S L A N D
L I N C O L N
S E A
K N U D R A S M U S S E NL A N D
K N U D R A S M U S S E NL A N D
DA
VI
S
ST
RA
IT
DA
VI
S
ST
RA
IT
KO
NG
FR
ED
ER
IK
IX
sL
AN
D
KO
NG
FR
ED
ER
IK
IX
sL
AN
D
KO
NG
F RE
DE R
I KV I s
K Y S T
KO
NG
F RE
DE R
I KV I s
K Y S T
K O N G C H R I S T I A N I X s L A N D
K O N G C H R I S T I A N I X s L A N D
D E N MA R K
S T RA
I T
D E N MA R K
S T RA
I T
KO
NG
CH
R
I ST
I AN
Xs
LA
ND
KO
NG
CH
R
I ST
I AN
Xs
LA
ND
KO
NG
FR
ED
ER
I KV
I II s
LA
ND
KO
NG
FR
ED
ER
I KV
I II s
LA
ND
G R E E N L A N D
S E A
I C E L A N D I C
P L A T E A U
I S L A N D
I S L A N D
AE
GI
RR
ID
GE
AE
GI
RR
ID
GE
M O H N SR
I DG
E
M O H N SR
I DG
E
N O R W E G I A N
B A S I N
NO
RW
EG
IA
NS
EA
NO
RW
EG
IA
NS
EA
NO
RG
E
NO
RG
ES
VE
RI
GE
G U L F
O F
B O T H N I A
G U L F
O F
B O T H N I A
S
U
O
MI
S
U
O
MI
S P I T S B E R G E N
B A R E N T S
S E A
K O L S K I YK O L S K I Y
P E N I N S U L AP E N I N S U L A
NO
VA
YA
ZE
ML
YA
NO
VA
YA
ZE
ML
YA
NO
VA
YA
ZE
ML
YA
TR
OU
GH
NO
VA
YA
ZE
ML
YA
TR
OU
GH
K A R A
S E A
Y A MA L
P E N I N S U L A
Y A MA L
P E N I N S U L A
G Y D A N S K Y
PENINSULA
NA
NS
EN
BA
SI
N
NA
NS
EN
BA
SI
N
ZEMLYA
FRANTSA
IOSIFA
ZEMLYA
FRANTSA
IOSIFA
S T . A N N A T R O U G H
S T . A N N A T R O U G H
V O R O N I N T R O U G HV O R O N I N T R O U G H
C E N T R A L
K A R A R I S E
C E N T R A L
K A R A R I S E
S E V E R NA Y A
Z E ML Y
A
S E V E R NA Y A
Z E ML Y
A
GA
KK
EL
RI
DG
E
GA
KK
EL
RI
DG
E
PO
LE
AB
YS
SA
LP
LA
I N
PO
LE
AB
YS
SA
LP
LA
I N
A
M
U
N
D
S
E
N
BA
SI
N
A
M
U
N
D
S
E
N
BA
SI
N
LO
M
O
O
N
S
VO
RI
DG
E
LO
M
O
O
N
S
VO
RI
DG
E
M
A
KA
RO
V
BA
SI
N
M
A
KA
RO
V
BA
SI
N
AL
PH
AR
I DG
E
AL
PH
AR
I DG
E
ME
ND
EL
EE
VR
ID
GE
ME
ND
EL
EE
VR
ID
GECHUKCHI
PLATEAU
CHUKCHI
PLATEAU
ME
ND
EL
EE
V
AB
YS
SA
LP
LA
I NM
EN
DE
LE
EV
AB
YS
SA
LP
LA
I N
WRANGEL
ABYSSAL PLAIN
WRANGEL
ABYSSAL PLAIN
CA
NA
DA
AB
YS
SA
LP
LA
IN
CA
NA
DA
AB
YS
SA
LP
LA
IN
CHUKCHI
ABYSSAL PLAIN
CHUKCHI
ABYSSAL PLAIN
E A S T
S I B E R I A N
S E A
E A S T
S I B E R I A N
S E AL
AP
TE
VS
EA
LA
PT
EV
SE
A
T A Y M Y R S K I Y
P E N I N S U L A
T A Y M Y R S K I Y
P E N I N S U L A
WH
IT
ES
EA
WH
IT
ES
EA
J AN
MA Y E N
F R A C T U R EZ O
N E
J AN
MA Y E N
F R A C T U R EZ O
N E
JA
NM
AY
EN
RI
DG
E
JA
NM
AY
EN
RI
DG
E
VOR IN
GP L A T E A U
VOR IN
GP L A T E A U
KO
LB
EI N
SE
YR
I DG
E
KO
LB
EI N
SE
YR
I DG
E
BOREAS
ABYSSAL PLAIN
BOREAS
ABYSSAL PLAIN
GREENLAND
ABYSSAL PLAIN
GREENLAND
ABYSSAL PLAIN
NORTH POLENORTH POLE
SIB
ER
IAA
BY
SS
AL
PLA
IN
SIB
ER
IAA
BY
SS
AL
PLA
IN
NO
RT
HW
IND
AB
YS
SA
LP
LA
IN
NO
RT
HW
IND
AB
YS
SA
LP
LA
IN
NO
RT
HW
IND
RID
GE
NO
RT
HW
IND
RID
GE
ANADYRSKIY
GULF
ANADYRSKIY
GULF
BR
OO
KS
RA
NG
E
BR
OO
KS
RA
NG
E
B E A U F O R TS H E L F
B E A U F O R TS H E L F
PR
INC
EPA
TRIC
KI
PR
INC
EPA
TRIC
KI
KING WILLIAM I
BATHURST IBATHURST I
E L L E F R I N G N E SI
E L L E F R I N G N E SI
N a r e s S t r a i t
N a r e s S t r a i t
BYLOT IBYLOT I
DI S
KO
GREENLAND-ICELANDRISE
GREENLAND-ICELANDRISE
VRANGELYA IVRANGELYA I
MorrisJesup Ri se
MorrisJesup Ri se
B E L G I C A
B A N K
B E L G I C A
B A N K
Jan MayenJan Mayen
DUMSHAF
ABYSSAL PLAIN
DUMSHAF
ABYSSAL PLAIN
FUGLØY
BANKFUGLØY
BANK
RØST
BANK
RØST
BANK
TRAENA
BANKTRAENA
BANK
HALTEN
BANK
HALTEN
BANK
MURMAN RISEMURMAN RISE
NORTHKANIN
NORTHKANIN
BANKBANK
GEESE
BAN
K
GEESE
BAN
K
NO
VO
SI B
I RS
KI Y
EI S
.
NO
VO
SI B
I RS
KI Y
EI S
.
BA
RE
NT
SA
BY
SS
AL
PL
AI N
BA
RE
NT
SA
BY
SS
AL
PL
AI N
Y E R M A K
P L A T E A U
Y E R M A K
P L A T E A U
UN
IT
ED
ST
AT
E S
UN
IT
ED
ST
AT
E S
OF
AM
ER
I C A
OF
AM
ER
I C A
RO
SS
II
SK
OI
FE
DE
RA
TS
II
RO
SS
II
SK
OI
FE
DE
RA
TS
II
KU
CH
ER
OV
TE
RR
AC
E
Od
en
Sp
ur
Od
en
Sp
ur
V O R O N O VP L A T E A U
V O R O N O VP L A T E A U
M o l l o yH o l e
M o l l o yH o l e
Ho
vg
aa r d R
ei d g
Ho
vg
aa r d R
ei d g
SOUTHHAMPTON
ISLAND
RESOLUTE
NUUK
Nunap Isua(Kap Farvel)
UUMM
ANNAQ
UPERNAVIK
SISIMIUT
AMM
ASSALIK
ALERT
EUREKA
COPPERMINE
Cape Bathurst
Cape Parry
PAULATUK
TUKTOYAKTUK
Martin Pt.
Pt. Barrow
NOME
Cape Prince of Wales
C. Dechneva
KIVAK
VANKAREM
PEVEK
AMBARCHIK
TABOR
NORIL'SK
UST PORT
OstrovBelyy
NOVYY PORT
NYDA
AMDERMA
Vaygach I.
KolguyevI.
MEZEN
ARKHANGELSK
BELOMORSK
KEMI
R RVIKÿ
NARVIK
TROMSÿ
MURMANSKVARDÿ
REYKJAVIK
AKUREYRI
SEYDISFJÖRDUR
Nor
dkap
p
Bj rn yaØ
Ø
Foxe
Cha
nnel
Foxe
Cha
nnel
Roes Welcome Sound
Roes Welcome Sound
Rasm
usse
nBasin
Rasm
usse
nBasin
Victoria Strait
Victoria Strait
Que
enM
aud
Gul
f
Que
enM
aud
Gul
f
Franklin StraitFranklin Strait Peel SoundPeel Sound
Barro
St
wra
i tB
ar ro
St
wra
i t
Gu
l fo
fB
oo
t hi a
Gu
l fo
fB
oo
t hi a Prince
RegentInlet
PrinceRegent
Inlet
La
nc
as
te
rS
ou
nd
La
nc
as
te
rS
ou
nd
Jo
ne
sS
ou
nd
Jo
ne
sS
ou
nd
Cu
mb
erl
and
Sound
Cu
mb
erl
and
Sound
Kangertittivaq
Kane
Basin
Vis
co
un
tM
elv
ille
So
un
d
Vis
co
un
tM
elv
ille
So
un
d
Dolphinand Unio
nStr
ait
Dolphinand Unio
nStr
ait
Co
ron
ati
ou
lfn
G
Co
ron
ati
ou
lfn
G
Pri
nce
Alb
ert
So
un
d
Pri
nce
Alb
ert
So
un
d
Amunds
Gu
en
lf
Amunds
Gu
en
lf
Prin
ce
ofW
ale
sS
tr ait
Prin
ce
ofW
ale
sS
tr ait
Prince
Gustaf Adolf
Sea
M'C
lure
S
i tt r
a
M'C
lure
S
i tt r
a
ChaunskayaGulf
Bay of Buorkha
Bay of Buorkha
Bay of TazBay of Taz
G u l f o f O b
G u l f o f O b
Bayo f
Ka
a r
Bayo f
Ka
a r
Bay
of
Pechora
Bay
of
Pechora
Bay
of
Tscheskai
Bay
of
Tscheskai
Bay
of
Mezen
Bay
of
Mezen
Bay of
Duna
Bay of
Duna
Bay of OnegaBay of Onega
Gulf of Ka andalakchGulf of Ka andalakch
Vest
fjord
en
BJØRN
ANK
ÿYA
B
BJØRNÿYA
BANK
Mackenzie
BayMackenzie
Bay