The integrated functions of cardiovascular and respiratory systems

autore: Elena Bruno. Tirocinio, corso di perfezionamento CLIL

THE INTEGRATED FUNCTIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR

& RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS


Lesson 1: introducing the cardiovascular

system


LESSON1. ACTIVITY ON PRIOR KNOWLEDGES

BLOOD

THE HEART

BLOOD VESSELS

TISSUES

LUNGS

pumps

through

To

oxigenation

CO2 gets out of cells

This is an uncomplete map about some contents of the module «The integrated functions of cardiovascular and respiratory systems». Modify this slide and try to rebuild it moving and connecting the elements of this slide with arrows (boxes, drawings and circles). In the next slide you can see the complete map


BLOODTHE HEART

BLOOD VESSELS

TISSUESLUNGS

pumps

through

To

oxigenation

CO2 gets out of cells

LESSON1. SOLUTI0N OF ACTIVITY ON PRIOR KNOWLEDGES


The circulatory system serves

metabolic needs of cells

It delivers oxigen and nutrients to

cells and takes away (remove) carbon dioxide

and other wastes It conveys

waste products to specific sites

for disposal

The respiratory system

kidney

liver

Lungs

LESSON1. INTRODUCING CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

LESSON 1. THE COMPONENTS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A PUMP: THE HEART

TUBES: BLOOD VESSELS

ARTERIESVEINS

CAPILLARIES

The cardiovascular

system consists of….

Pumps blood into…

Return blood to the heart…

allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body

Carry blood

away from heart…


LESSON 1. THE main features of cardiovascular system

CLOSEDThe human cardiovascular system is closed: the blood is confined to the vessels

DOUBLEThe human cardiovascular system includes two circulatory paths

The Pulmonary circuit (small circulation)

The Systemic circuit (great circulation)

HEART-LUNGS

HEART-TISSUES



Lesson 2: The heart


LESSON 2. THE HEARTLocation of Heart in Thorax: between the lungs

Your heart is a pump. It's a muscular organ about the size of your fist and located slightly left of center in your chest.

Heart wall is formed by three layers

1. Pericardium: outside layer

2. Myocardium: middle layer, mostly cardiac muscle (striated and involuntary)

3. Endocardium: inner layer


LESSON 2. THE HEART HAS FOUR CHAMBERSThe heart is divided into the right and the left side. The division protects oxygen-rich blood from mixing with oxygen-poor blood.

Valves keep blood moving in the correct direction

Each side of the heart has

an atrium, the upper chamber, and a

ventricle, the lower chamber

·Valves open as blood is pumped through·Close to prevent backflow


LESSON 2. HOW DOES THE HEART WORK?A beating heart contracts and relaxes. Contraction is called systole, and relaxation is called diastole.

During systole, your ventricles contract, forcing blood into the vessels going to your lungs and body — much like ketchup being forced out of a squeeze bottle….

During diastole your ventricles relax and are filled with blood coming from the upper chambers, the left and right atria

EXAMPLE

KEY WORDS

FOR DIASTOLE

ARE:…

KEY WORDS

FOR SYSTOLE: ARE …..


A vein takes blood to heart

to

Away from

to

Away from

An arterie takes blood away from heart

EXERCISE 2: move the circles with preposition in the right position on the picture

LESSON 2. ARTERIES AND VEINS


LESSON 2. BLOOD VESSELS CONNECTED WITH THE HEART

to

Away from

to

Away from

to

Away from

to

Away from

EXERCISE 2: move the circles with prepositions in the right position on the picture to mark arteries and veins (direction of bloodflow)


Right atriumLeft atriumRight ventricleLeft ventricleTricuspid valveBicuspid (mitrale) valvePulmonary arteryAortaSemilunar valvePulmonary veinsSuperior vena cavaInferior vena cavaseptum

LESSON 2. LABELLING THE HEART


LESSON 2 EXERCIZE-CLOZE: FILL THE GAP WITH THE RIGHT WORD

1. The cardiovascular system is……………………this means that the blood is confined to the vessels

2. The heart is a …………………………………..pump, its location is slightly left of center in your ………………..

3. The heart wall is formed by three ………………., the middle one is the myocardium

4. Each side of the heart has an atrium, the ……… chamber, and a ventricle, the ……..chamber

5. ………..keep blood moving in the correct direction6. A beating heart contracts and relaxes. ………………………….is called

systole, and ……………………………………..is called diastole.7. A vein takes blood ……………. heart 8. An arterie takes blood ………………………………from heart


Lesson 3: The cardiac cycle


LESSON 3. THE CARDIAC CYCLEThe cardiac cycle is the alternating relaxation-DIASTOLE and contraction-SYSTOLE of atria and ventricles.DURING A SINGLE HEARTBEAT, FIRST THE ATRIA CONTRACT AND THEN VENTRICLES CONTRACT

First atria contract….

….then

Ventricles contract….


LESSON 3. THE CARDIAC CYCLE

Go to the following link, watch the videohttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/circulatory/0_anatomy_circulatorysys_act.shtml

http://medtropolis.com/virtual-body/

Make the exercises proposed on the following link:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/0_anatomy_circulatorysys/quiz/q82567959/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/circulatory/0_anatomy_circulatorysys_act.shtml






27-19

Lesson 3. Blood Flow

……………………… …………………..

PulmonarySemilunarValve

Left Atrium

……………….Left Ventricle

PulmonaryValve

TricuspidValve

AorticSemilunarValve

………………..Body

EXERCISE : complete the scheme filling up the spaces

Pulmonary arteries

…………………….

Vena cava

………………

27-20

Lessonn 3: Blood Flow

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

PulmonarySemilunarValve

Left Atrium

BicuspidValve

Left Ventricle

PulmonaryValve

TricuspidValve

AorticSemilunarValve

LungsBody

Pulmonary arteries

aortaPulmonary veins

Vena cava

EXERCISE : solution


LESSON 3. THE CARDIAC CYCLE


LESSON 3. THE BLOOD CIRCULATION

First of all: the right part of the heart is syncronized with the left one, they work together in the same way, nevertheless we will simplify the circuit of blood flow considering first what happens in the right part of the heart and then in the left….GOOD WORK!

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

RIGHT PART OF THE HEART (receive and pump oxigen poor blood). ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE ARE IN DIASTOLE: THEY FILL UP WITH BLOODOxigen poor blood from the upper body is channeled into superior vena cava while that from the lower body enters through the inferior vena cava. These veins empty their blood into the relaxed right atrium (diastole), tricuspid valve opens so that blood can flow from the atrium into the relaxed ventricle (diastole), Semilunar valve is closed

Opened tricuspid valve

D

D

1

D=diastole


RIGHT PART OF THE HEART (receive and pump oxigen poor blood). ATRIUM IS IN SYSTOLE VENTRICLE IS IN DIASTOLERight atrium contracts (systole) forcing the remainig blood into the ventricle that is still relaxed (diastole), tricuspid valve is still open

s

D

2

Opened tricuspid valve



RIGHT PART OF THE HEART (receive and pump oxigen poor blood). ATRIUM IS IN DIASTOLE VENTRICLE IS IN SYSTOLERight vetricles contracts (systole) and pumps blood into the pulmonary arteries. Semilunar valve is open so that the blood can flow into the pulmonary arterie: this blood vessel is divided in two branches (the two pulmonary arteries) transporting blood to the lungs for oxigenation

D

S

3

closed tricuspid valve

opened semilunar valve

…To the lungs to pick up oxigen

Pulmonary arterie



Pulmonary veins

Opened bicuspid valve

D

D

4Pulmonary veins

LEFT PART OF THE HEART (receive and pump oxigen rich blood). ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE ARE IN DIASTOLE: THEY FILL UP WITH BLOODOxigen rich blood, coming from lungs, flows back to the relaxed left atrium (diastole) via pulmonary veins . Bicuspid valve opens so that blood can flow from the atrium into the relaxed ventricle (diastole), aortic valve is closed

Closed aortic valve



s

D

5

Opened biicuspid valve

LEFT PART OF THE HEART (receive and pump oxigen rich blood). ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE ARE IN DIASTOLE: THEY FILL UP WITH BLOODLeft atrium contracts (systole) forcing the remainig blood into the ventricle that is still relaxed (diastole), bicuspid valve is still open



LEFT PART OF THE HEART (receive and pump oxigen poor blood). ATRIUM IS IN DIASTOLE VENTRICLE IS IN SYSTOLELeft vetricles contracts (systole) and pumps blood into the aorta. Aortic valve is open so that the blood can flow into the aorta: the aorta is the our largest blood vessel, it distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the sistemic circulation

D

S

6closed bicuspid valve

opened aortic valve

…To all body organs….

aorta



Lesson 4: Task on blood

circulation



TaskDramatization of the Blood's Trip Through the Heart (file in word)


START Arteries deriving from aorta carry blood to arteriole, then blood enters capillaries located in the tissues Blood moves from pulmonary capillaries into venules and then veins Blood moves from pumonary ccour Left atrium contracts (systole) , pumps blood into relaxed ventricle

(diastole) Left ventricle contracts, pumps blood into aorta Oxygen moves from blood in the capillaries to cells, carbon dioxide

moves in the opposite way Poor oxygen blood from capillaries enters venules, then veins and

returns to the right part of the heart via superior and inferior vena cava

Pulmonary veins carry the oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.

right atrium contracts, pumps blood into the relaxed ventricle Right ventricle contracts, pumps blood into pulmonary arteries

arteries in arteriole and then pulmonary capillaries where gas exchanges o

LESSON 4. EXERCISEEXERCISE. Order the phases of blood circulation, then create a table where you will show the phases of small circulation and those of great circulation


Lesson 5: The blood vessels


LESSON 5. THE BLOOD VESSELS

Go to the following link,:http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/circulatory/0_anatomy_circulatorysys_act.shtml watch the video and take note of words that you will classify in your glossary






Blood is pumped by the heart into large arteries, it then flows into smaller arterioles and finally into a network of capillaries. The blood passes from capillaries into venules, then larger veins and returns to the heart

Arteries and veins have three layers (tunics)1. Tunic intima with

an epitelium called Endothelium

2. Tunic media composed by unvoluntary smooth muscle

3. Tunic externa, mostly fibrous connective tissue

LESSON 5. THE BLOOD VESSELS


LESSON 5. THE BLOOD VESSELS: A COMPARISON

Blood vessel Function Adaptions

Artery carry blood away from heart at high pressure

thick, elastic, muscular walls to withstand pressure and to exert force (pulse)

Capillary allow exchange of materials between blood and tissues thin permeable walls

Vein return low pressure blood to heart

Large diameter to offer least flow resistance. Valves to prevent back flow.

The structure of blood vessels is correlated with their functions:


LESSON 5. BLOOD FLOW IN A VEINBy the time the blood reaches the veins, its pressure has dropped to near zero. When the muscle of the body conctract, they squeeze blood to the heart. Moreover, valves along veins prevent backflow. When these valves don’t close properly, you have varicose veins.


Arteries (aa.) Veins (vv.)Direction of flowPressureWallsLumenValves

ACTIVITY: fill up the T-Table with words indicating the main features of veins and arteries

LESSON 5. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ARTERIES AND VEINS


Arteries (aa.) Veins (vv.)Direction of flow

Blood Away from Heart

Blood to Heart

Pressure Higher LowerWalls THICKER THINNERLumen Smaller LargerValves No valves Valves

ACTIVITY: SOLUTION

LESSON 5. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ARTERIES AND VEINS


Thin- walled capillaries allow

exchanges of gas, nutrients and waste products with tissues

Oxygen passes for diffusion through the capillary wall and into the tissues, carbon dioxide passes from the tissues into the blood

Capillaries bed= capilllaries net

O2 CO2

LESSON 5. THE ROLE OF CAPILLARIES


Blood pressure: the force that is exerted by blood against blood vessel walls

Blood pressure is highest in large arteries BUT will rise and fall as heart pumps, in fact you have • highest pressure (systolic pressure) with left ventricular systole (blood is forced into

aorta)• lowest pressure with ventricular diastole (diastolic pressure)

Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases

Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries

LESSON 5. BLOOD PRESSURE


Lesson 6: The cardiovascular

diseases


LESSON 6. WEBQUEST ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

TaskFor this task you have to work in group. To perform the task go to

the following link http://elenascienze.blogspot.it/

(see word file too)

http://elenascienze.blogspot.it/




LESSON 6. WEBQUEST ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

After the webquest, test your knowledge by testing at the

following linkhttp://

www.emedicinehealth.com/angina_pectoris/article_em.htm

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/angina_pectoris/article_em.htm





Lesson 7: The respiratory

system


The Respiratory SystemThe organs of the respiratory system ensure that oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide leaves the body

LESSON 7. INTRODUCING RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

TaskGo to the following link http://www.eslvideo.com/ESL_teacher.php?teacher=toenbrunoWatch the subtitled video , then answer the multiple -choice questions that you can find in the same page of the video (you can watch the video as many time as you need). When you have finished, please send me your results following the instructions reported at the end of the test. My Teacher code is «ElenaBruno»

http://www.eslvideo.com/ESL_teacher.php?teacher=toenbruno

http://www.eslvideo.com/ESL_teacher.php?teacher=toenbruno


EXERCIZE LABELLINGnostrilstracheaepiglottismouthlarynxnasal cavitypharynx

LESSON 7. THE COMPONENTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM


EXERCISE LABELLING tracheaesophagusbronchusbronchiolelungdiaphragmalveoluscapillary network

LESSON 7. THE COMPONENTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM


The small circulation

LESSON 7. WHAT’S THE RELATIONSHIP ABOUT CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SISTEMS?


Arterioles deriving from pulmonary arteries

Venules connected with pulmonary veins

Capillary network of one alveolus

LESSON 7. WHAT’S THE RELATIONSHIP ABOUT CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SISTEMS?

Gas exchange occurs between air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries . Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar wall and enters the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood across the alveolar wall to enter the alveoli.


To understand ventilation, it is necessary to realize that the lungs adhere to the thoracic cavity by way of the pleura.

During inspiration, the thoracic cavity and, therefore, the lungs expand so that air is drawn in.

During expiration, the thoracic cavity and, therefore, the lungs resume their original positions and pressures. Now air is forced out.

LESSON 7. THE VENTILATION


LESSON 7. EXERCISE

WORKING ON A TEXT…..DEVI SCANNERIZZARE IL TESTO SUL QUALE ABBIAMO LAVORATO


Structure Description Function

Nares (nostrils)

5 D

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Lungs

Description1. Branched tubes that lead from bronchi to alveoli (air sacs)2. Chamber posterior to oral cavity,; lies between nasal cavity and larynx3. Flexible tube that connects larynx with bronchi4. Hollow spaces in nose5. Opening into the nasal cavity6. Organ that houses vocal cords (voice box)7. Paired tubes inferior to the trachea that enter the lungs8. Soft, cone-shaped organs that occupy lateral portion of thoracic cavity

FunctionA. Contain alveoli and blood vesselsB. Filter, warm and moisten airC. Passage of air into larynxD. Passage of air into nasal cavitiesE. Passage of air to bronchiF. Passage of air to each alveolusG. Passage of air to lungsH. Sound production

Fill up this table: match each structure with the corresponding description and function (see example)

LESSON 7. EXERCISE


LESSON 8. ROLE PLAYNG

TaskLET’S PLAY TO THE DOCTOR (SEE

WORD FILE)

The integrated functions of cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Health & Medicine

Transcript of The integrated functions of cardiovascular and respiratory systems