The Industrial Revolution Phase II - Ms. Baun's History...
Transcript of The Industrial Revolution Phase II - Ms. Baun's History...
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The Industrial Revolution
Phase IICHAPTER 11 SECTION 1
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The First Industrial Revolution
Focus on the introduction of:
Textile Industry
Railroad construction
Iron production
And coal extraction and use
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The Second Industrial Revolution
Would have a different focus that
included:
Steel production
Chemical development
Production and transfer of electricity
The production of petroleum and
petroleum by-products
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Changes
Henry Bessemer develops the Bessemer
Process: - a process that made steel
stronger, faster, and cheaper!
Now steel became the primary building
material for buildings, ships, railroad lines,
and weapons
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Changes
Electricity could now be converted into
heat, light, and motion
It could be moved easily through wires =
energy
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Changes
Leads to factories powered by ELECTRICITY rather than relying on water
power and steam engines
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Electricity also leads to inventions!!
Edison and Swan (GB) develop the light bulb
Bell develops the telephone
Marconi discovers radio
wave generation = leads
to discovery of morse-code
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Electricity also leads to other
inventions!!
In factories
Powered conveyor belts = the assembly line
from Ford
Cranes to move large objects
Machines that made consumer and industrial
goods
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The Internal Combustion Engine
Powered by oil and gasoline
Allowed ocean liners to power with oil and gas driven engines (which were
more efficient and reliable than steam engines)
The creation of the airplane (Wright Brothers)
The first automobile is developed as well
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To Britain and Beyond
We all know the first nation to industrialize was
GREAT BRITAIN
In 1807 Wm. Cockerill (a British mechanic) took his
knowledge of textile machinery and opened his own
factory in Belgium
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The Race to Industrialize Was
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How Did They Catch Up To GB???
Nations such as Germany, France, and the United States had even
more natural resources (like iron and coal) than Great Britain did =
so they were in a great position to copy what Britain did and then
make the process even better
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Industrial Success
In 1871 Germany unites into one nation, within a few
decades they are an industrial power house
Following the US Civil War America really goes gang
busters over industrialization becoming the leading
industrial nation by 1900
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GB, Belgium, France, Netherlands,
Germany, Western Austrian Empire,
Northern Italy Advanced Dramatically
with Industrial Revolution
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Other Industrial Successes
Japan – even though it lacked resources it industrializes rapidly ….But that
is a story for another day
Other successes include: Canada, New Zealand, and Australia
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Southern Italy, Rest of A-H Empire,
Spain, Portugal, Balkans, & Russia DO
NOT Industrialize
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So What???
With each nations industrialization comes tough
times and conditions like we wrote about in our
letters
But as the revolution continues things do get
better
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Better How?
Factories produce lots of goods ( supply) at bargain
( $) = even lowly workers began to be able to afford
things leading to an increase in demand
This brought about more jobs as did the building of new
city buildings, factories, railroads, etc.
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Better How?
People could now afford “consumer goods”
which made their lives a little bit better
Ex. Clocks
Bicycles
Typewriters
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Life is Getting Better!!!!
But not fast enough for some…………………………..
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Thinkers Who’s Ideas
Effected the Industrial EraAKA: REALLY SMART DUDES
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The idea that no matter how bad things were, the government should not do anything to interfere (including helping the poor) with businesses or the working conditions imposed on the employees of factories
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Thomas Malthus
Supporter of Laissez Faire
Tried to explain that the
population explosion
was outstripping food
supply
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Thus there would be…
Hungry
People
Crowded
Slums
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High unemployment
Misery
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His Solution????
Don’t Do A Thing!!!
Allow war, famine, and disease to do their part to decrease
population
He was against vaccinations and charity for those in need
He also said
For poor people
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The transition to an industrial society was very
hard on workers. The desire to improve their
working and living conditions led many
industrial workers to form socialist political
parties and unions. Socialism is a theory that
comes from the mind of a gentleman named
Karl Marx.
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Another New Idea
SOCIALISM
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What does Socialism Say?
To put an end to poverty and injustice.. Society
(meaning everyone) should own and operate the
MEANS OF PRODUCTION
WHATS THAT???????????????????????????
**The stuff needed to produce and sell goods like farms,
factories, railways, -n- stuff
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A Final New Idea for the Day
COMMUNISM
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That’s Communism Y’ALL
Communism believed the same thing
Socialism did.. But took things a step
further
Communist believe that the different social
classes would war with one another –
eventually leading to a classless society
where everyone would work for the good of
everyone else
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The men who developed this theory -
Friedrich Engles Karl Marx
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Marx and Engles
Believed that the lowly workers
(whom they called the Proletariat)
would rise up and violently overthrow
the business managers and owners
(whom they called the Bourgeoisie)
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Do any of these make sense to you?
It did to some from that time period and they took the
ideas and created UNIONS
People discovered that while they could not change
their living and working conditions alone, they could
come together to demand change
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Their most powerful tool was to strike
This tactic did help make things better for the average
worker in Great Britain and eventually in other nations as
well