1

You will compare and contrast with the following:

• Glorious Revolution• American Revolution• French Revolution• Russian Revolution

Started in Britain It was slow, uneven

process. Production shifted

from simple hand tools to complex machines

New sources of power replaced humans and animals

Since it began 250 years ago it has spread throughout the world.

Humans

Animals

Water

Steam Power

Coal

Electricity

Oil

Nuclear Power

Neolithic Agricultural Revolution took place 12,000 years ago

Second Agricultural Revolution - 300 years ago

Fertilizers, Turnips, Mixed Soil, Crop rotationEnclosure movement

Results were dramatic.

Effect?Farm laborers lost work – migrated to cities

JETHRO TULL’S SEED DRILL

ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

What was the cause of this explosion? Stable food supply Declining death

rate Reduced risk of

famine Better hygiene and

sanitation Less disease Increased infant

mortality

Mechanization of production Cottage industries or putting out

systems were replaced by factories Urbanization People become consumers rather

than producers Poverty New inventions transform cityscape. Positive and negative changes.How

did this happen?

Natural Resources Coal Iron ore Human Resources New Technology Economic

conditions – capital & demand

Political & Social Conditions

COAL IRON ORE

Due to Agricultural Revolution workers were displaced

Was surplus labor Migrated to the cities for work Worked in factories or Coal mines Iron Ore mines 2. New Technology

Britain was the leader in technology in the early industrial revolution

Overseas empire enriched economy

Business acquired wealth (capital)

Capital was used to invest in huge enterprises such as mines, railroads & factories.

Population explosion boosted demand for goods

Economic prosperity enabled middle & upper class to become consumers of new products produced by industrial revolution

FACTORY WORK COTTAGE INDUSTRY

Labor conditions Sweatshops Child Labor Low Wages 12 hour days in some cases 6-7 days a week Hazardous working conditions No workers compensation for injuries Exploitation

Section 4: Political & Economic Responses

Adam Smith and Laissez-Faire

Thomas Malthus on Population

David Recardo on Wages

Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mills