THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

CHAPTER 19

1750 - 1903

Industrialism Begins Industrialism

New economic system Began in Britain Rely on machinery rather than animal and human

power Before industrialism most people lived in small

farming villages It began in the “textile” industry (woven cloth) See map page 725

What caused the Industrial Revolution???Began in Britain

The Enclosure Movement Investment of capital into businesses Large population of workers Britain’s geography

Large supplies of coal and iron Many harbors and rivers

The British Dominated

New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution James Hargreaves

Spinning Jenny 1764

New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution Richard Arkwright

Water Frame 1769

New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution James Watt

The steam engine

New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

Henry Bessemer conversion of iron into steel “The Bessemer process”

Early Industrial City

The Rise of Big Business Successful landowners put money into

(invested) businesses The money is called capital

As businesses grew, more capital was needed Partnership-two or more people put in captial Corporation-raised money by selling shares of the

company to investors

The Rise of Factories and RailroadsFactories were the centers of the

Industrial Revolution Brought workers and machines together in

one place under managers Factories could employ hundreds of people

at a time

Factories

The First Steam Boat Robert Fulton

Invented the first boat powered by steam engine

The Clermont

Steam locomotives soon followed

see page 728

Steam Locomotive 1829

New Scientific Discoveries Industry spread from Europe to AmericaSamuel Morse

The telegraph 1830s

New Scientific Discoveries

Alexander Graham Bell The telephone 1876

New Scientific DiscoveriesGuglielmo Marconi

The Radio 1895

New Scientific DiscoveriesMichael Faraday

Magnets can move electrical current 1831

New Scientific DiscoveriesThomas Edison

The light bulb

New Scientific DiscoveriesDiesel & Daimler

Internal combustion engine

New Scientific DiscoveriesThe Wright Brothers

1st powered airplane 1903

Society and Industry

The Industrial Revolution Impacts Society

Cities Grow in SizeUrbanization – rapid growth of cities People flocked to cities to find factory

jobsLife in industrial cities was tough

Lived in tenements Tightly packed apartment buildings in big cities

Tenements

Industrial LifeWorking class factory workers had hard

lives 12-16 hour days, 6 days per week Child Labor (as young as 6)

Many lost fingers, limbs, or even died Injuries were common in hot, dirty,

unhealthy factories and mines Many found city life better than rural life

even though it was hard

New Political ideas Adam Smith

Free market “laissez faire” economy

private ownership “Wealth of Nations”

New Political ideas Socialism

Factories, land, capital ($), raw materials should be owned and run by the government

Karl Marx “Communist Manifesto” The socialist way would

eventually end the need for classes in society (Marxism)

New Political ideas Labor Unions

Workers united to improve wages and conditions

Art & Literature Ludwig von

Beethoven German composer

Art & LiteratureCharles Dickens

British Novelist

Art & Literature Gustave Courbet

French painter of the lives of ordinary people

Art & Literature Claude Monet

French “impressionist”

Science Louis Pasteur

Bacteria causes disease

1850s

Science Charles Darwin

Theory of Evolution 1859

Science Ivan Pavlov

1890s Actions are

unconscious reactions

Any action can be learned through training

Science Wilhelm Roentgen

X-Ray Machine 1890s

Science Albert Einstein

Theory of Relativity 1905

Atomic Bomb

Science Pierre and Marie

Curie Discover radioactivity Marie was first

woman to win Nobel Peace Prize (1911)

THE

END