THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS
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THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS
20th Century Med. Man Video (30 min)Walk on Campus to identify (sheet in binder)
1.flowers,cones, ferns and mosses 2. flower parts 3.common trees and plants (locust, oak, pear, hemlock, dandelion, violet, grass, poison ivy, dogwood, pine, black cherry)
Info on seeds was covered forquarter long project Flower parts were covered when we did genetics
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MOSS- non-vascular, reproduce with spores
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FERN vascular, reproduce with spores
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CONIFERS vascular,
reproduce with pollen and seed in
cones
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FLOWERING PLANTS
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Vocabulary • Cereal
• Legumes
• root crops
• fruit
• grain
• vegetative part
root hairs,
root cap,
herbaceous plant,
vascular bundle transpiration
Read (570-579, 534-541)
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POLLEN
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Apple seeds
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CASHEW Fruit and seed
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The importance of plants
• A.
• 275,000 to 400,000 – SPECIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS
• 3,000 USED FOR HUMAN FOOD
• 200 DOMESTICATED
• 12 MAIN FOODS
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DOMESTICATION
• - REQUIRE HUMAN INTERVENTION TO MAINTAIN CURRENT FORM
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Activity!
• Name the major food crop plants that are harvest.
• This is based on amount harvested
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1. 7. 13.
2. 8. 14.
3 9. 15.
4. 10. 16.
5. 11. 17.
6. 12.
list is by weight harvested
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1. SUGAR CANE* 7. BARLEY* 13. GRAPE2. WHEAT* 8. MANIOC 14. TOMATO3. CORN* 9. SWEET POTATO 15. OAT*4. RICE* 10. SOY BEAN 16. ORANGE5. POTATO 11. SORGHUM* 17. APPLE6. SUGAR BEET 12. BANANA
list is by weight harvested
* MAJOR plant family Grass family
What do all the * have in common?
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SUGAR CANE
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RICE
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BARLEY
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SORGHUM
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POTATO
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SUGAR BEET
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manioc
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SWEET POTATO
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BANANA
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C. HUMAN EXISTENCE• 200,000 TO 100,000 may have been
humans in an early form H. sapiens var. sapiens and H. sapiens var. neaderthalensis
• 25,000 to 35,000 years ago substantial archeological and fossil evidence of H. sapiens (us)
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EARLY HUMAN LIFESTYLE?• Hunter/gatherer
• Man herd food season
• Change in human behavior approximately 9,000 years ago
• Domestication/agriculture develops simultaneously in several places in the world
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GOOD EVIDENCE OF FARMING
• 7,000 B.C. Fertile Crescent, Near East Wheat , Barley
• " Thailand bean and pea• 5,000 Asia rice• 7,000-5,000 Mexico near Texas
gourds, chili, beans• 5,000 Mexico City squash,
beans, avacado, Maize
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Current foods in an area reflect heritage
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D. NOTES ON 20TH CENTURY MED MAN. (video in library)
• Botany• Ethnobotany• Dr. Mark Plotkin (Harvard)• Jaguar Shaman• Rainforest Destruction and Old age of Shaman• 25% of modern meds have their origin in plants• examples poppy (opium, morphine)
periwinkle (vincristine) willow (aspirin)
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PLANT ANATOMYPart II of PlantsRead 569-582
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I. GROSS ANATOMY
• ROOTS (functions?)– Anchor– absorb water and
nutrients– asexual reproduction
(ex. Raspberry)– storage ex. Yam,
carrot , beet
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LEAVES– Photosynthesis
– Enzymes, sunlight, chlorophyll– Transpiration – release of water through
the leaf surface. The plant is like a straw. Roots have the opening and the leaves have the exit
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– asexual reproduction ex. African violet Kalanchoe
– storage ex. Cabbage, onion, lettuce
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STEMsupport the leaves and
flowers
asexual reproduction ex. Potato, strawberry
storage ex. Potato, broccoli, cauliflower , asparagus
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II. CELLULAR ANATOMY
• transport
• xylem
• phloem
• Active Cell division
• absorption
• Water up
• Sugars down
• Meristem
• Root tip
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• support- wood• dating activity with
growth rings
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How old is this stem?
12 years old
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cell division Adding to length at root and stem tips by apical meristem
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cell division
Adding to the width of stem
-lateral meristemVascular bundleLooks vaguely like
an ice cream cone
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Photosynthesis
• leaf anatomy- stomata
• from work sheet• chromatography- pigments
• chlorophyll
• carotene
• xanthophylls
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Photosynthesis
1. Leaf Anatomy – stomata and guard cells (from worksheet)
2. Chromatography- pigment mixtures are separated and analyzed
• Chlorophyll – green pigment
• Carotene – orange pigment
• XanthophyllsXanthophylls – yellow pigment
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III. PLANT RESPONSES (tropisms)
• Controlled by hormones that stimulate specific cells to grow
• Thigmotropism – response to touch (vines, venus fly traps)
• Phototropism – response to light (seedlings)
• Gravitropism – up and down growth• Chemotropism – response to a chemical
stimulus (ex. fertilizer)
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Thigmotropism
• The turning or bending response of an organism upon direct contact with a solid surface or object.
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Phototropism
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Gravitropism
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Chemotropism
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Legumes
• Simple dry fruit
• Common name for fruit is a pod
• Peas, beans, lentils, and peanuts
• High in protein
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Quiz on plants MONDAY
• Video Med Man, • Human uses of plants, Text • Notes, • Vocab • LABS Tree Ring, Chromotography,
Campus Walk and Plant identification, • Cross word• Plant anatomy
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4th Quarter NOTEBOOK CONTENTS
• Cover Sheet • Assignment Sheet• Grade Sheet
• Vocabulary (96 - 133)• Notes
• Daily Work– Pg 149 Theory of Evol WS– Pg 157 Theory of Evol WS– History of Life WS– Pg 161 Evolution WS– Plant Puzzle– Virus Paragraph (living or
nonliving)
• Labs– Amino Acid Lab– Viral Lab– Plant Walk– Dendrochronology
THIS IS 10% OF YOURQUARTER GRADE!!!
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Notebook check WEDNESDAY….
Here’s another option…
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Plant Test Topics• Video Med. Man• Human Uses of plants, Text• Notes – gross anatomy, cell anatomy, list of food
crops and numbers of species of plants, photosynthesis
• Vocab• Labs – chromotography, campus walk, plant
identification• Crossword with stuff on back• Plant anatomy
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Plant Jeopardy – Easy questions
1. Products of photosynthesis? 2. This transports water in a plant - _______3. Define ethnobotany.4. What is causing loss of knowledge in
rainforest ecosystems?5. Release of water through leaf surface is
called ________.6. Square stem…strong smell = ________7. Trees can either be flower producing or
_____ producing.
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Plant Jeopardy – Easy questions1. Products of photosynthesis? Sugar and O2
2. This transports water in a plant – xylem3. Define ethnobotany. Study of how plants are used
in a community4. What is causing loss of knowledge in rainforest
ecosystems? Old age of Shaman and forest destruction
5. Release of water through leaf surface is called _transpiration_______.
6. Square stem…strong smell = _Mints_7. Trees can either be flower producing or _cone___
producing.
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Medium Level
1. What does chromotography do?2. What is the stomata of a leaf?3. What controls the stomata?4. Functions of the roots?5. Name two things that we eat that are
roots….stems….and leaves.6. Where does cell division occur in plants?7. What plants are cultivated in Mexico?8. Contrast phloem and xylem cells.9. Contrast wind vs. insect pollinated flowers.
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Medium Level1. What does chromotography do? Separates
pigments by mass2. What is the stomata of a leaf? Pore to release
water3. What controls the stomata? Guard cells4. Functions of the roots? Anchor, food storage,
asexual reproduction, absorb water and nuts.5. Name two things that we eat that are
roots….stems….and leaves. Carrot, beet, turnip asparagus, broccoli,
cauliflower, potato cabbage, lettuce, onion
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Medium Level6. Where does cell division occur in plants? Apical meristem and lateral meristem7. What plants are cultivated in Mexico? Maize, chilis, gourds, beans, avocado8. Contrast xylem and phloemcells. Carries water up the plant, carries sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant 9. Contrast wind vs. insect pollinated flowers. Small, dull with no scent, larger, showy and fragrant
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Difficult Questions…
1. What was the evidence of farming 7000-5000 BC?
2. What does domestication mean?3. What do tree rings tell us?4. What are the functions of the leaf?5. Give the basic chemical reaction of
photosynthesis.6. The fruit of a maple tree is called a ___.7. Name three grains that are on the list of top
food crops harvested by weight.
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Difficult Questions…1. What was the evidence of farming 7000-5000
BC? Permanent shelters and cultivated fields2. What does domestication mean? Plant or
animal requires human involvement to maintain its current form
3. What do tree rings tell us? Past weather conditions, Age
4. What are the functions of the leaf? Photosynthesis, asexual reproduction, food storage
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Difficult Questions…
1. Give the basic chemical reaction of
photosynthesis. CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
2. The fruit of a maple tree is called a samara___.
3. Name three grains that are on the list of top food crops harvested by weight. Maize, rice, wheat, sugar cane
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TEST QUESTIONS
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A
#3. Fill In
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#4
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