Parts of the Parts of the plant and plant and their their functionsfunctions

Importance of Importance of plantsplants Without plants life on earth Without plants life on earth

would not existwould not exist

Plants:Plants:

Primary source of food for Primary source of food for people and animalspeople and animals

Produce oxygenProduce oxygen help to keep us coolhelp to keep us cool renew the airrenew the air

Plants:Plants:

slow wind speedslow wind speed provide a home for wildlifeprovide a home for wildlife beautify surroundingsbeautify surroundings perfume the airperfume the air furnish building materials and furnish building materials and

fuelfuel

Parts of a plantParts of a plant

*Four basic parts*Four basic parts *leaves*leaves *stems*stems *roots*roots *flowers*flowers

LeavesLeaves

the food factory of the plantthe food factory of the plant *produce the food used by the *produce the food used by the

plant or stored for later useplant or stored for later use

Shape and size of Shape and size of leavesleaves vary among plantsvary among plants used for identification of used for identification of

plantsplants

Leaf arrangementLeaf arrangement

*alternate*alternate *opposite*opposite *whorled*whorled

arranged in a circle around the arranged in a circle around the stemstem

External leaf External leaf structurestructure *petiole - leaf stalk*petiole - leaf stalk *leaf blade (leaf)*leaf blade (leaf)

has veinshas veins forms structural framework of forms structural framework of

the leafthe leaf

MidribMidrib

*large center vein from which *large center vein from which all other leaf veins extendall other leaf veins extend

MarginsMargins

*edges of leaves*edges of leaves assists in plant identificationassists in plant identification

Internal leaf Internal leaf structurestructure *epidermis*epidermis

skin of the leafskin of the leafsingle layer of cellssingle layer of cellsprotects leaf from loss of too protects leaf from loss of too

much moisturemuch moisture

Guard CellsGuard Cells

open and close the small pore open and close the small pore on the underside of the leafon the underside of the leaf

StomatesStomates

*allow the plant to breathe *allow the plant to breathe and transpireand transpire *give off moisture*give off moisture

ChloroplastsChloroplasts

*contain chlorophyll*contain chlorophyll *located inside the cells*located inside the cells

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

process by which CO2 and process by which CO2 and H2O in the presence of light H2O in the presence of light are converted to sugar and are converted to sugar and oxygenoxygen

Chemical formula Chemical formula

6CO2 + 6H2O6CO2 + 6H2O -----> in reaction with sunlight -----> in reaction with sunlight

and chlorophyll ------>and chlorophyll ------> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2

foodfood

*manufactured in the leaves *manufactured in the leaves moves downward through the moves downward through the stem to the rootsstem to the rootsused by the plantused by the plantstored in stem or root and leaf in stored in stem or root and leaf in

the form of sugar, starch or the form of sugar, starch or protein.protein.

RespirationRespiration

*plants respire 24 hours a day*plants respire 24 hours a day consume O2 and give off CO2consume O2 and give off CO2 plants produce more O2 through plants produce more O2 through

ps. Than they consume during ps. Than they consume during respiration and growth.respiration and growth.

StemsStems

*have two main functions*have two main functions *movement of water and *movement of water and

minerals from the roots upward minerals from the roots upward and movement of and movement of manufactured food downmanufactured food down

Stem functionsStem functions

*support of leaves and *support of leaves and reproductive structuresreproductive structures

Stems alsoStems also

*used for food storage and *used for food storage and reproduction of plants reproduction of plants involving cuttingsinvolving cuttings

*Green stems manufacture *Green stems manufacture food just as leaves dofood just as leaves do

Internal Stem Internal Stem StructureStructure

*phloem- bark, carries manufactured *phloem- bark, carries manufactured foods down.foods down.

*Xylem- wood, carries water and *Xylem- wood, carries water and minerals up.minerals up.

*Cambium- separates the 2 and *Cambium- separates the 2 and produces all new cells.produces all new cells.

*Characteristic of dicots*Characteristic of dicots

Internal Stem Internal Stem StructureStructure *dicot- dicotyledon, a plant *dicot- dicotyledon, a plant

with 2 seed leaveswith 2 seed leaves

MonocotMonocot

*Monocotyledon - a plant with *Monocotyledon - a plant with one seed leaf.one seed leaf.

*Have vascular bundles, *Have vascular bundles, contain both xylem and contain both xylem and phloem in each small bundlephloem in each small bundle

MonocotMonocot

stems have no cambiumstems have no cambium cells enlarge to create size of cells enlarge to create size of

mature stemmature stem

Economic Economic ImportanceImportance foodfood building materialsbuilding materials

RootsRoots

**UsuallyUsually underground underground *functions:*functions:

*anchor plant and hold upright*anchor plant and hold upright *absorb water and minerals form *absorb water and minerals form

soil and conduct to stemsoil and conduct to stem *store food, & propagation*store food, & propagation

Root StructureRoot Structure

internalinternalsimilar to stemssimilar to stemsolder roots have xylem, older roots have xylem,

phloem and cambianphloem and cambian

externalexternal

root caproot capproduces continuous produces continuous supply of new cellssupply of new cells

protects roots as they protects roots as they push through soilpush through soil

StructureStructure

*root hairs*root hairs*absorb moisture and *absorb moisture and

mineralsminerals *small roots*small roots

Functions other than Functions other than water and mineral water and mineral absorptionabsorption *cash crops for food*cash crops for food

carrotscarrotsbeetsbeets radishesradishessweet potatoessweet potatoes

propagationpropagation

Type of root systemsType of root systems

*fibrous- grasses*fibrous- grasses*easier transplanting*easier transplanting*shorter, smaller, more *shorter, smaller, more

compactcompact tap root- carrottap root- carrot

*longer and fewer roots*longer and fewer roots

REVIEWREVIEW

Flowers, Fruits, and Flowers, Fruits, and SeedsSeeds

pollination- color of flower attracts pollination- color of flower attracts insects to fertilize flowerinsects to fertilize flower beginning of fruit and seed formationbeginning of fruit and seed formation

fruits and seed are attractive to birds fruits and seed are attractive to birds who eat and spread seedswho eat and spread seeds.. Reproduces plantReproduces plant some seeds carried on animals coatssome seeds carried on animals coats

Parts of the FlowerParts of the Flower

differ in size, shape, and color, differ in size, shape, and color, some basic partssome basic parts

sepalsepalgreen leaf-like part, covers green leaf-like part, covers

and protects bud before and protects bud before openingopening

PetalsPetals

are actually leavesare actually leaves usually bright colors to attract usually bright colors to attract

pollinating insects.pollinating insects.

Parts of the FlowerParts of the Flower

stamensstamensmale part of flowermale part of flowerhas two partshas two parts

filament-stalkfilament-stalk

AntherAnther

anther- sac-like anther- sac-like structure on top of structure on top of filament, contains pollenfilament, contains pollen

Parts of the Flower Parts of the Flower

Pistil - female partPistil - female part in the center of flowerin the center of flower has three partshas three parts

PistilPistil

three partsthree parts stigma - top - stickystigma - top - sticky style - tube leading from style - tube leading from

stigma to ovarystigma to ovary

OvaryOvary

egg cells develop hereegg cells develop here grows to become fruit or grows to become fruit or

seedcoatseedcoat

Types of FlowersTypes of Flowers

completecompletecontains 4 main partscontains 4 main parts

IncompleteIncomplete

does not have all 4 main partsdoes not have all 4 main parts

PerfectPerfect

has stamens and pistilshas stamens and pistils

ImperfectImperfect

lacks stamens or pistilslacks stamens or pistils

Types of FlowersTypes of Flowers

monoeciousmonoeciousstamens and pistils are stamens and pistils are

found in separate flowers on found in separate flowers on the same plant the same plant ex: Cornex: Corn

dioeciousdioecious

male or staminate flowers male or staminate flowers found on one plant, female or found on one plant, female or pistilate flowers on another pistilate flowers on another plantplant

ex: holly ex: holly