THE IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE ON MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON … · Temperature at the sea-ice-water...
Transcript of THE IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE ON MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON … · Temperature at the sea-ice-water...
Supporting information
THE IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE ON MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON
METABOLISM AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Andrew Toseland1, Stuart Daines2, James Clark2, Amy Kirkham3, Jan Strauss3,
Christiane Uhlig4, Timothy M. Lenton2, Klaus Valentin4, Gareth Pearson5, Vincent
Moulton1, Thomas Mock3
Author affiliations:
1 School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park,
Norwich, UK
2 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
3 School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park,
Norwich, UK
4 Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
5 Centre of Marine Sciences, University of the Algarve, Portugal
The impact of temperature on marine phytoplankton resource allocation and metabolism
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Contents
Supplementary materials & methods for: Sampling, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics
Supplementary tables: S1-S9
Supplementary figures: S1-S12
Supplementary materials & methods for: Modelling
Supplementary tables: S10-S12*
Supplementary figures: S13-S14*
*Tables and figures for the modelling section of supporting information are embedded within the
main text.
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Supplementary Materials and Methods (Sampling, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics)
1 Sampling
1.1 EPAC (Equatorial Pacific)
Samples were taken on two stations (EPAC1: 0°, 155°W; EPAC2: 0°, 140°W) (Fig. S1) during a
cruise to the equatorial Pacific Ocean from 15th to 2nd of October 2006 onboard the RV ‘Kilo
Moana’.
1.2 NPAC (North-East Pacific, Puget Sound)
Samples were taken on one station (NPAC: 47°55.19 N; 122°20'38 W) (Fig. S1) during a Puget
Sound cruise on the 15th of August 2007 onboard the ‘Sorcerer’ (Craig Venter Institute, US). Water
for RNA samples was pumped from about 8m depth onboard with a hose and peristaltic pump
(Table S1). Cells were immediately filtered onto autoclaved Nucleopore filters (25mm) with a pore
size of 2μm. Not more than 500ml were filtered at a time in order to keep the filtration time <5
minutes per filter. Filters were subsequently flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in the
laboratory at -80°C. Phytoplankton were collected and concentrated by net tows from about 10m
depth to the surface, using 0.25 m diameter nets with a mesh size of 10 μm (Research Nets Inc.
Redmond, WA, USA).
1.3 ANT (Southern Ocean, Weddell Sea)
Samples were taken on two stations (ANT1: 65°06.11 S, 57°23.55 W; ANT2: 60°07.11 S, 47°54.55
W) (Fig. S1) during the WWOS (Winter Weddell Outflow Study) cruise in Austral summer 2006
with the German Icebreaker ‘Polarstern’. Samples on ANT1 were obtained by icecore drilling and
collecting microorganism communities from the lowermost cm (ice-waterinterface) of the ice core
(Table S1). For RNA extraction ice samples were melted in or washed with prefiltered (0.2μm) sea
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water or brine and cells were subsequently filtered onto Isopore filters (Millipore) (25mm) with a
pore size of 1.2μm. Filters were subsequently flash frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Samples on
ANT2 were obtained by fishing ice floes and collecting microorganisms from the ice water‐
interface as done on ANT1.
1.4 ARC (Arctic) & NATL (North Atlantic)
Phytoplankton community samples were taken in June 2009 on board the RV “Jan Mayan”. Water
samples at the DCM were taken directly from the CTD rosette (12.5 L Niskin bottles) in waters
characterised as Arctic (June 20 SW Spitsbergen at 76' 36”N; 18' 11”E, temperature -1ºC at 35 m)
and Atlantic influenced (June 16 at the Polar front south of Bear Island at 73' 55”N; 18' 46”E,
temperature +2.1ºC at 50 m). Cells were collected by filtration on 5 μm pore-etched polycarbonate
filters, flash–frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored in a cryoshipper for transport to the laboratory.
2 Temperature, nutrients, chlorophyll a
2.1 EPAC (Equatorial Pacific)
Physical properties (e.g. temperature) were measured with a Seabird 911+ conductivity,
temperature, and depth (CTD) profiler (1). Nutrients samples were frozen at -20°C until onshore
analysis. Within 2 months after the cruise, the dissolved inorganic N was determined using an
Astoria Autoanalyzer. [Si(OH)4] in ambient sea water was measured on board
spectrophotometrically (2). Chl a was determined onboard ship by extraction with 90% acetone at
-20°C for 24h and measured by in vitro fluorometry on a Turner Designs Trilogy fluorometer using
the acidification method (3).
2.2 NPAC (North-East Pacific, Puget Sound)
Temperature of freshly collected water was measured onboard using a mercury thermometer. Water
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for nutrient measurements was collected in sterile 15mL Falcon tubes and subsequently frozen at
-20°C. Nutrient analysis ([Si(OH)4], NO3, PO4) was conducted using a Technicon Autoanalyzer
Model AAII within 3 months after sampling (Table S4). The Hansville buoy (ORCA) at
47°54.44”N and 122°37.62W was used to obtain oceanographic profiles of T, S, density, O2, and in
situ fluorescence close to the sampling site (Fig. S1) We retrieved data for 7 profiles from the
surface to 20m depth on the 15th of August 2007 (Fig. S8). Four profiles were measured before
sampling, one at the time of sampling and 2 afterwards. These data allowed to reconstructing the
development of a phytoplankton bloom close to the sampling site. We acknowledge Al Devol and
Wendi Ruef for making these data available to us.
2.3 ANT (Southern Ocean, Weddell Sea)
Temperature at the sea-ice-water interphase was measured with a Testo 720 thermometer with PT-
100 sensor. Nutrients ([Si(OH)4], NO3, PO4) were measure on melted sea ice onboard ‘Polarstern’
using an Autoanalyser. Chl a was determined onboard ship by extraction with 90% acetone at -20°C
for 24h and measured by in vitro fluorometry on a Turner Designs Trilogy fluorometer using the
acidification method (3) (Table S4).
3 Independent taxonomic identification of dominant eukaryotic phytoplankton
3.1 NPAC (North-East Pacific, Puget Sound)
Cells from net tow samples were fixed with 1% Lugol (final concentration) and counted with an
Olympus BX43 microscope with DIC optics at ×100 and x400 magnification. A magnification of
x1000 (oil immersion) was used for species identification (Table S5).
4 Molecular biology
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4.1 Metatranscriptome (RNA, cDNA, sequencing)
4.1.1 ANT (Antarctic), EPAC (Equatorial Pacific) & NPAC (North Pacific)
Several samples per station and ecosystem (EPAC, NPAC, ANT) were filtered onto 2μ pore size
filters and subsequently flush frozen in liquid N and stored at -80˚C. RNA extraction was performed
with the ToTally RNA extraction kit (Ambion) according to the manufacturers recommendation.
Eukaryotic mRNA was extracted with the Oligotex mRNA purification kit (Qiagen). The same kit
was used to do an additional purification with the purified mRNA from the first time to reduce the
contamination by rRNA and bacterial mRNA. Due to a very limited amount of double purified
eukaryotic mRNA, we pooled all samples from each ecosystem (EPAC, NPAC, ANT). CDNA
synthesis on the pooled samples was conducted with the SuperSmart PCR cDNA kit (Clontech)
according to manufacturers recommendations. Libraries for next generation sequencing were
constructed according to protocols for Roche 454 GS-FLX and GS-Titanium sequencing. GS-FLX
sequencing was done at the NERC sequencing facility in Liverpool (UK) and GS-Titanium
sequencing was done at Roche 454 (US).
4.1.2 ARC (Arctic) & NATL (North Atlantic)
Extraction of total RNA from replicate filters was performed following standard protocols and a
commercial kit (RNAeasy, Qiagen). Synthesis of full-length double-stranded cDNA (ds-cDNA) was
performed from 250 ng of total RNA of each sample (SMARTer PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit;
Clontech) according to the manufacturer's instructions, allowing synthesis of full-length transcripts
while maintaining the gene representation of unamplified samples. Full-length single-stranded DNA
templates were then amplified by long-distance PCR using the Advantage 2 PCR Kit (Clontech).
Replicate PCR reactions were performed for each library in order to obtain the amount required for
sequencing (3 – 5 μg), and subsequently pooled and purified using the MiniElute PCR Purification
kit (Qiagen). The cDNA libraries were quantified using NanoDrop (ThermoScientific), and the
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quality of final samples was verified using agarose gel electrophoresis. Libraries were sequenced by
a commercial service provider (BioCant, Portugal) using 454 FLX Titanium chemistry.
4.2 Fragilariopsis cylindrus culture experiments and ribosomal gene expression
4.2.1 Culture conditions
Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Grunow) Krieger CCMP1102 was obtained from the Provasoli-Guillard
National Centre for Marine Algae and Microbiota (NCMA, https://ncma.bigelow.org/, West
Boothbay Harbor, USA, formerly CCMP). All cultures were grown and maintained in filtersterilised
(0.2 μm pore size) Aquil medium (4) at 4°C under continuous illumination at a photon flux density
of 35 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Cultures of F. cylindrus were handled under strict sterile conditions
and potential bacterial contamination was eliminated as stock cultures were subjected to a multi-
antibiotic treatment with Ampicillin (50 μg mL-1), Gentamycin (1 μg mL-1), Streptomycin (25 μg
mL-1), Chloramphenicol (1 μg mL-1) and Ciprofloxacin (10 μg mL-1) (5). Epifluorescence
microscopy was used to confirm axenic cultures using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)
fluorescent nucleic acid staining before the beginning of the experiment. During exponential
growth, stock cultures were used to inoculate triplicates of 2L experimental batch cultures for
optimal (+4°C), high (+10°C) and low (-2°C) temperature treatments. Bubbling with sterile filtered
air and shaking of the culture bottles ensured sufficient CO2 supply and mixing during experimental
treatments. Experimental cultures were grown to mid-exponential phase (approximately 500,000
cells mL-1) at +4°C before temperatures were amended to the final experimental temperature
(+10°C to -2°C). Subsamples were taken on a daily basis throughout the experiment to determine
the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) by pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorometry
(Phyto-PAM fluorometer, Walz GmbH, Effeltrich, Germany) and cell counts (Multisizer 3 particle
counter, Beckman Coulter, Brea, USA).
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4.2.2 RNA extraction and purification.
Cells were harvested on the third day after the cultures reached the experimental temperatures using
1.2 μm membrane filters (Isopore Membrane, Millipore, MA, USA). The volume of F. cylindrus
culture per filter sample was recorded to calculate the number of cells per filter sample. Total RNA
was extracted using TRI Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) followed by DNase I (Qiagen,
Hilden, Germany) treatment (1h, 37°C) and purification using RNeasy MinElute Cleanup Kit
(Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Purity of RNA was checked on a NanoDrop (Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Waltham, USA) and integrity using denaturing 2% formaldehyde gels. Concentrations after RNA
cleanup were determined in duplicate readings using a NanoDrop.
4.2.3 Total RNA concentration per Fragilariopsis cylindrus cell as a function of growth
temperature.
The total RNA yield obtained for each filter sample was used to calculate the RNA concentration
per cell. Therefore the total RNA yield per filter was divided by the number of cells in each filter
sample. The obtained total RNA concentration per cell was plotted as a function of growth
temperature and used for a linear regression analysis.
4.2.4 Reverse transcription, primer design, and Q-PCR conditions.
First strand synthesis was performed using Superscript II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen,
Carlsbad, USA) utilising Anchored Oligo(dT)20 Primer (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA). Reverse
transcription (RT) of 500 ng of total RNA was carried out according to manufacturer’s
recommendations in 20μL reactions at 42°C for 50 minutes, followed by inactivation at 70°C for 15
minutes. Immediately prior to transcription all reaction mix was spiked with artificial RNA of the
major allergen (MA) gene of the butterfly Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly, Lepidoptera:
Pieridae) to verify efficiency of RT reactions and to provide an exogenous control. The MA gene
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provides an ideal control, because few insects are present in the marine environment and P. rapae is
considered alien to polar or marine diatoms. The control gene MA was constantly detected in all
samples at a cycle threshold of 36.14 (±0.17, n=12) indicating consistent efficiency of the RT
reaction. As a control for DNA contamination, RNA was pooled from each biological replicate and
first strand synthesis reaction mix was added omitting reverse transcriptase. Oligonucleotides (Table
S8) were designed towards the 3’ end of the gene of interest using the webbased RealTimeDesign
Software (available at http://www.biosearchtech.com/realtimedesign, Biosearch Technologies,
Novato, USA). BLAST searches of the primer sequences against the F. cylindrus genome sequence
(http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Fracy1/Fracy1.home.html) were performed to check for target specificity
and if necessary primer sequences were modified manually. Oligonucleotides were assessed for
melting temperature, hairpins, and primer dimers using the webbased tool OligoAnalyzer 3.1
(available at http://eu.idtdna.com/analyzer/Applications/OligoAnalyzer; Integrated DNA
Technologies, Coralville, USA) and synthesised by Eurofins MWG Operon (Ebersberg, Germany).
For second strand amplification, 5 μL of a 10-fold diluted RT reaction mix was supplemented with
20 μL 2× SensiMix SYBR Green NoROX Master Mix (Bioline, London, UK). Each primer was
added at a concentration of 200 nM. Amplifications were performed in white 96-well plates on a
CFX96 Real Time System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, USA) using the following conditions: initial
denaturation 95°C, 10 minutes, followed by 40 amplification and quantification cycles of 15
seconds at 95°C, 15 seconds at 59°C, 10 seconds at 72°C. Finally, a melting curve analysis (65°C to
95°C, increments of 0.5 °C, dwelling time 5 seconds) was carried out to check for primer dimers
and non-specific amplification.
4.2.5 qPCR data analysis.
The cycle thresholds were automatically determined using the CFX Manager Software Version 1.1
(Bio-Rad, Hercules, USA). The REST-MCS© software (available at
http://rest.genequantificationinfo/) was used to test the expression of target genes under both
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experimental conditions normalised by a reference gene index containing the endogenous and
exogenous controls TBP, RNAP II and MA and significances were tested by a Pair Wise Fixed
Reallocation Randomisation Test using 2000 iterations.
4.3 Biochemical studies
4.3.1 Diatom Cultures
Diatom cultures (Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335 and Fragilariopsis cylindrus CCMP1102)
were grown in artificial seawater (NEPC) under 24 hours light at 100 μE. Photosynthetic health was
estimated using phytoPAM ED (WALZ) spectrometer. Healthy cultures (fv/fm >0.6) were
transferred to incubators (Sanyo) at the experimental temperatures and allowed to acclimatise for 24
hours before 25000 cells/ml was diluted into new media that was pre-warmed or cooled to the
experimental temperature. The cultures’ growth was monitored daily using a coulter counter
(Beckman).
4.3.2 Western blots
100 ml of mid-exponential phase culture was pelleted by centrifugation and total proteins were
extracted by adding 50 μl of lysis buffer (50 mM Tris pH 6.8, 2% SDS) to the cell pellet. Cell
lysates were incubated at room temperature for 30 min before separation from cellular debris by
centrifuging at 10,000 g at 4 °C for 30 minutes. 35 μg protein extracts were resolved on 12.5 %
SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to nitrocellulose transfer membranes using criterion blotter
(BioRad). Loading was checked by incubating the membrane with the protein stain Ponceau S for
20 minutes at room temperature. The S14 ribosomal protein was hybridised with 1:1000 dilution of
S14 antibody (AS09 477, Agrisera), for 1 hour at room temperature, followed by a 1:10,000 dilution
of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Promega) in
1×PBS, 1% milk, 0.1% Tween 20. Signals were visualised using the enchanced chemiluminescence
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(ECL) kit (Amersham Biosciences) and Lasimager 2000 software (Fuji).
4.3.3 Translation efficiency experiment
A transgenic T. pseudonana strain expressing a novel gene fused to eGFP on the inducible nitrate
reductase (NR) promotor was grown in NEPC containing 550 μM NH4Cl as the sole nitrogen
source, repressing the expression of the transgene. Mid-exponential phase cells were transferred to
nitrogen-free NEPC for one generation time (approx. 12h at 20°C, 24h at 11°C and 48h at 4°C)
before 550 μM NaNO3 was added to activate the NR cassette. Triplicate cultures were monitored
using a FACSCalibur (Beckton Dickinson) Flow Cytometer. Cells were discriminated by plastid red
autofluorescence versus the eGFP green fluorescence arising when the eGFP was translated.
Populations were gated and percentage of total population calculated. The lag phase was calculated
as the first time point at which the percentage of cells in the eGFP gate was found to be significantly
higher than the T0 measurement (t-test, p<0.05). Translation efficiency (m) was calculated as the
slope of the curve after the lag phase.
5 Bioinformatics
5.1 Quality filtering
Quality clipping was performed as in Marchetti et al. (6) using a single base sliding window each
sequence was trimmed from 3' to 5' until a base is reached with a Phred quality score of >=14 is
met. To identify potential sequencing artifacts, all sequences were clustered with CD-HIT-est (7) at
100% requiring 100% coverage of both sequences. Only the cluster representatives were retained,
cluster members (exact duplicates) were deemed potential artifacts omitted and from further
processing. The 5' primer (AAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAGT) was detected using PatMan (8)
allowing up to 4 mismatches and 2 gaps, match coordinates from PatMan were used to trim primer
regions using a custom BioPerl script. The 3', 17 base oligo-dt primer was identified using Dust
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(word size 2, complexity value of 50) to get the coordinates of low complexity regions. Each
identified region was examined and, if it was of an appropriate length (>= 15 bases) and composed
of >=75% adenine or >=75% thymine the region was trimmed out. Low complexity sequences were
identified using Dust. Using default parameters, sequences were run through Dust and low
complexity regions masked with Xs. The proportion of masked bases for each sequence was
calculated and sequences comprising of >= 70% low complexity region were filtered out. Finally
any sequences less than 50bp in length were removed.
Despite specifically targeting eukaryotic mRNA by attaching oligo-dt primers to the poly-A region
of transcripts, some non mRNA may be present in the samples. John et al. (9) reported that ~2% of
sequences of a small scale eukaryotic metatranscriptome held significant similarity to ribosomal rna
(rRNA). In order to detect putative rRNA sequences we performed blastn (10) searches (Default
settings, no complexity filtering) against both the large and small subunit databases of the Silva
ribosomal database (11). Sequences returning hits with bit scores 50 were deemed putative rRNA⩾
and excluded from further analysis. The final processing stage was to cluster sequence sets to
remove redundancy and speed up homology searches. Each sequence set was clustered using CD-
HI-est at >=95% overall identity and requiring >=50% coverage of the representative sequence. A
lookup table of cluster details (Cluster representative ID, Cluster size, Cluster member Ids) was
created in order to scale the annotation results of cluster representatives accordingly.
5.2 Exploring data set composition through sequence clustering
Sequences from all 5 data sets had an environment specific prefix added to their accession and were
pooled together. All sequences were then translated into their longest open reading frames
(minimum length >= 10 amino acids) and clustered with CD-HIT (>=60% overall identity, >=50%
coverage of the representative sequence). Using a custom Perl script, the resulting clusters were
examined individually and the sequence ids of all cluster members were appended to a list for each
environment involved in that cluster. The resulting lists were used to create the 5 group venn
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diagram in R using the 'venn' function of the gplots package. Lists of sequence ids for each of the
31 sections of the venn diagram were produced using R set operators for downstream analysis.
5.3 PhymmBL taxonomic affiliations
The taxonomic composition of the samples were determined using PhymmBL (12), a hybrid
classifier which combines BLAST alignments with nucleotide composition based interpolated
markov models. By default, PhymmBL uses bacterial and archaeal genomes from NCBI GenBank
(13) as a reference. It is however, extensible and has been successfully applied to eukaryotic data
(14). We created a representative set of 44 eukaryote organisms using genomes and ESTs covering
the major eukaryote groups but with a focus on algal species for this analysis (See Table S3 for list
of organisms used and taxonomic labels). Genome sequences were downloaded from NCBI
GenBank and JGI (with 4 exceptions: Cyanidioschyzon merolae from Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Genome Project http://merolae.biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/download; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus from
Sea Urchin Genome Project http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/projectspecies-o- Strongylocentrotus;
Danio rerio from UCSC http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?db=danRer5; and Homo
sapiens from Genome Reference Consortium
http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/hg19/chromosomes/). EST sequences were downloaded
from NCBI-dbEST and clustered with CD-HIT-est at 95% similarity to ensure non-redundancy of
sequences. Taxonomic classifications for the PhymmBL configuration file were taken from the
NCBI taxonomy (15) and AlgaeBase (16). The sequence files and taxonomic details were added to
PhymmBL in batch mode and IMMs created for each new organism. PhymmBL results were
filtered with a confidence score cutoff of 0.9 at the phylum level⩾ . Subsets of sequences matching
to the phyla Bacillariophyta and Dinoflagellata were extracted for further analysis.
5.4 Pfam
Cluster representative sequences were translated into all 6 reading frames (Min length 10aa) and
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homology searches against the Pfam protein database (17) performed using pfam_scan.pl (Pfam-A
only, default gathering thresholds used). Results filtered using custom Perl script to detect best
match(es), remove conflicting matches across different reading frames and scale results to cluster
size.
5.5 GO Term Enrichment & Term Clouds
All detected Pfam domains were mapped to their corresponding GO term(s) (18) using a custom
Perl script and the mapping file Pfam2Go (http://www.geneontology.org/external2go/pfam2go).
Then, for each possible pair of environments we performed a Fisher's exact test on each GO term.
Enriched GO terms were identified using a Bonferroni corrected p-value <0.001 and used to create
term clouds (One for each environment in the pairwise comparison). Lists of enriched GO terms
were created - one for each environment, with the frequency of a GO term in the list determined by
the absolute difference in the normalised abundance of the term between the two environments. The
term clouds were created with Worditout.com using direct colour blending from blue (low
frequency) to red (high frequency). See Fig. S12 for example term cloud.
5.6 KEGG
KEGG pathways (19) for cluster representative sequences were identified using the KEGG/KAAS
web-server (20) (Using single-directional best hit EST mode against a eukaryote representative
gene set, bit-score cut-off >=40). The resulting KO (Kegg Orthology) list were scaled by cluster
size and filtered using MinPath (21) to get a minimal set of pathways. Hits for KEGG pathways
K000230: Purine metabolism and K000240: Pyrimidine metabolism were summed and plotted
against temperature for each environment
5.7 CCA
Canonical Correspondance Analysis was performed using the VEGAN package in R. We treated the
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transpose of the normalised Pfam count tables as our species data and created a second table of
environmental factors: temperature, salinity, latitude, longitude, nutrient levels etc. Where
environmental data was unavailable we used the World Ocean Atlas
(http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/SELECT/woaselect/woaselect.html for nutrient levels, taking the
annual surface mean measurements). For light levels we used the Pangaea information system
website (htpp://www.pangaea.de) to find in-situ PAR readings over a depth gradient for
environments analogous to our samples. By plotting PAR against depth and fitting an exponential
regression line we could extract the equation for the PAR – depth relationship and plug in our depth
measurement to get an estimated PAR. The data sets used were:
ANT: Nicolaus, M et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar irradiance as measured in different depths
under sea ice (transmitted irradiance) at sea ice station PS78/267-1.
doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.786857,
EPAC: Eldin, Gerard; Rodier, Martine; Dupouy, D (2004): Physical oceanography at CTD station
FLUPAC_119. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.186766
NATL & ARC: Fosså, Jan Helge; Kutti, Tina; Bergstad, Odd Aksel; Knutsen, Tor; Svellingen,
Ingvald; Wangensten, Jarle; Johannessen, Reidar; Steinsland, Asgeir (2011): Physical oceanography
during R/V H. Mosby cruise IMR-2009615. Institute of Marine Research, Bergen,
doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.756308
NPAC: Whitney, Frank (2002): Physical oceanography at station IOS_97-11_CTD045.
doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.79563
In the case of ANT and EPAC where there were multiple samples we took the mean values. All
environmental data was log2 transformed and an offset added to temperature values to make them
positive. To highlight specific proteins for nitrate reductases, fucoxanthin chlorophyll binding
proteins (FCPs), ribosomal proteins and silicon transporters we took one gene of each type from 3
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diatoms: Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Cylindrotheca fusiformis
(From NCBI RefSeq/GenBank see Table S9). Each gene was compared to Pfam-A (gathering
threshold cutoff) and the detected domains used to represent that gene. One hundred percent of the
total inertia (1.563) was explained by the set of environmental constraints (temperature, light,
nitrate and phosphate). The four CCA dimensions accounted for 0.58310 (37.31%), 0.49761
(31.84%), 0.41433 (26.50864) and 0.06816 (4.36%) respectively.
Correlations between environmental factors and the normalised abundance of hits to the GO term
for translation was performed using the Pairs function in R.
5.8 Heatmaps
All heatmaps were created using the Heatmap.2 function in R. For the taxonomy heatmap, only
phymmBL classified algal groups were used. The percentage of hits to each phyla were read in as a
table and used to create two correlation matrices (One for the table and one for it's transpose).
Distances were measured as 1 – Pearson correlation coefficient between rows/columns and the
matrices were used to create row and column dendrograms (complete linkage clustering). The
abundance data was finally scaled and centred by column. For GO terms the heatmap was created
as above, but only biological process GO terms over an abundance cutoff (>=0.5% of hits in at least
one data set).
5.9 Rarefaction
Rarefraction curves were produced with the online Rarefaction tool
(http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/jbrzusto/rarefact.php#Calculator) using Chao’s estimator for
species richness. A list of raw totals for each detected Pfam domain were entered (plus the number
of sequences providing no hits) and sampled at 50,000 sequence intervals..
5.10 Thalassiosira pseudonana transcriptome
16 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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As ~60% of sequences in the NPAC sample had taxonomic affiliations with T. pseudonana we
chose this data set to perform a comparison with expression data from a T. pseudonana genomewide
microarray experiment (22). First a spreadsheeet was compiled of differentially expressed (log2
fold change >= 1, p-value <0.05) T. pseudonana genes (Table S6) and expression values under low
temperature (4°C), and silicate, nitrate, iron and CO2 limitation. Columns were added to each gene
for GO, KEGG, KOG (annotations taken from JGI
http://genome.jgipsf.org/Thaps3/Thaps3.download.ftp.html)) and Pfam annotations (performed
ourselves, search against Pfam-A, gathering threshold cutoff). Sequences from the NPAC sample
classified as Bacillariophyta (PhymmBL phylum confidence score >= 0.9) were extracted and
BLASTed against the JGI T. pseudonana gene models (BLASTx, e-value <= 1e-5, using soft
masking, requiring >=50% coverage of the query and >= 75% overall identity and taking the single
best hit). Total matches to each differentially expressed gene were added to the table.
Supplementary References
1. Marchetti, A. et al. Iron and silicic acid effects on phytoplankton productivity, diversity,
and chemical composition in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnology and
Oceanography, 55(1), 11 (2010).
2. Strickland, J.D.H. Parsons, A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries Research
Board of Canada. (1972).
3. Parsons, T.R., Maita Y., Lalli, C.M. Manual of chemical and biological methods for
seawater analysis. Pergamon (1984).
4. Morel, F.M., Rueter, J.G., Anderson, D.M., Guillard, R.R.L. AQUIL: A CHEMICALLY
DEFINED PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURE MEDIUM FOR TRACE METAL
STUDIES12. Journal of Phycology, 15(2), 135-141 (1979).
5. Jaeckisch, N. et al. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic characterization of the
toxigenic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii. PloS one, 6(12), e28012 (2011).
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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
6. Marchetti, A. et al. Comparative metatranscriptomics identifies molecular bases for the
physiological responses of phytoplankton to varying iron availability. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 109(6), E317-E325 (2012).
7. Li, W., Godzik, A. Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein
or nucleotide sequences. Bioinformatics, 22(13), 1658-1659 (2006).
8. Prüfer, K. et al. PatMaN: rapid alignment of short sequences to large databases.
Bioinformatics, 24(13), 1530-1531 (2008).
9. John, D.E., Zielinski, B.L., Paul, J.H. Creation of a pilot metatranscriptome library from
eukaryotic plankton of a eutrophic bay(Tampa Bay, Florida). Limnology and
Oceanography: Methods, 7, 249-259 (2009).
10. Altschul, S. F. et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein
database search programs. Nucleic acids research, 25(17), 3389-3402 (1997).
11. Pruesse, E. et al. SILVA: a comprehensive online resource for quality checked and aligned
ribosomal RNA sequence data compatible with ARB. Nucleic acids research, 35(21), 7188-
7196 (2007).
12. Brady, A., Salzberg, S.L. Phymm and PhymmBL: metagenomic phylogenetic classification
with interpolated Markov models. Nature methods, 6(9), 673-676 (2009).
13. Benson, D.A., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D.J., Ostell, J., Wheeler, D.L. GenBank.
Nucleic acids research, 34(suppl 1), D16-D20 (2006).
14. Brady, A., Salzberg, S. PhymmBL expanded: confidence scores, custom databases,
parallelization and more. Nature methods, 8(5), 367-367 (2011).
15. Ncbi taxonomy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/
16. Guiry, M.D., Guiry, G.M. AlgaeBase. AlgaeBase (2008).
17. Finn, R.D., et al. The Pfam protein families database. Nucleic acids research, 38(suppl 1),
18 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
D211-D222 (2010).
18. Ashburner, M., et al. Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology. Nature genetics,
25(1), 25 (2000).
19. Ogata, H., et al. KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic acids
research, 27(1), 29-34 (1999).
20. Moriya, Y., Itoh, M., Okuda, S., Yoshizawa, A.C., Kanehisa, M. KAAS: an automatic
genome annotation and pathway reconstruction server. Nucleic Acids Research, 35(suppl
2), W182-W185 (2007).
21. Ye, Y., Doak, T.G. A parsimony approach to biological pathway reconstruction/inference
for genomes and metagenomes. PLoS computational biology, 5(8), e1000465 (2009).
22. Mock, T., et al. Whole-genome expression profiling of the marine diatom Thalassiosira
pseudonana identifies genes involved in silicon bioprocesses. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 105(5), 1579-1584 (2008).
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 19
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Supplementary Tables
Table S1: Geographical locations, method of sampling and water depth. ANT 1, 2: Southern
Ocean; NPAC: North-East Pacific; EPAC 1, 2: Equatorial Pacific. NATL North Atlantic and
ARC Arctic.
Location Date Latitude Longitude Sampling method Water depth
ANT1 08/10/06 65°06.11 S 57°23.55 W Ice core drillingIce-water
interface
ANT2 23/09/06 60°07.11 S 47°54.55 W Fishing ice floesIce- water
interface
ARC 20/06/09 76°36N 18° 11E Rosette 35m
EPAC1 27/09/06 0° 155° W Rosette 10m
EPAC2 25/08/06 0° 140° W Rosette 40m
NATL 16/06/09 73°55N 18°46E Rosette 50m
NPAC 15/08/07 47°55.19 N 122°20.38 W Membrane pump 8m
20 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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Table S2: Summary of 454 sequence data for Antarctic (ANT), Arctic (ARC), Equatorial Pacific
(EPAC), North Atlantic (NATL), and North Pacific (NPAC) metatranscriptomes. 1Only exact
duplicates were removed: CD-HIT-est clustering at 100% identity requiring 100% coverage of
both sequences. 2
Blastn against Silva SSU & LSU database – Best hit, no complexity filtering,
bit-score cutoff ≥50. 3CD-HIT-est clustering ≥95% overall identity, requiring ≥50% coverage
cluster representative.
ANT ARC EPAC NATL NPAC
# Raw Reads 391,614 514,223 342,252 513,985 313,910
Avg Length
(bp)
168.1 278.1 158.9 310.7 258.0
Total Size (Mb) 65.83 143.03 54.4 159.67 81
Potential
Artifacts1
49,093 3,175 21,942 5,172 14,172
Putative rRNA
(%)2
3,595 (0.92%) 38,651
(7.52%)
1,324 (0.39%) 68,009
(13.23%)
1,254 (0.4%)
# Filtered
Reads
220,844 421,107 246,534 394,187 250,841
Avg Length
(bp)
209.3 252.1 161.0 285.6 268.2
Total Size (Mb) 46.22 106.18 39.69 112.58 67.26
GC% 43.43 43.82 47.30 43.99 44.44
# Clusters3 29,840 254,423 119,783 252,031 76,564
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Table S3a: List of eukaryotic genomes and their taxonomic classifications added to PhymmBL reference database.
phylum class order family genus species strain
Bacillariophyta Coscinodiscophyceae Thalassiosirales Thalassiosiraceae Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335
Bacillariophyta Bacillariophyceae Naviculales Phaeodactylaceae Phaeodactylum tricornutum CCAP1055/1
Bacillariophyta Bacillariophyceae Bacillariales Bacillariaceae Fragilariopsis cylindrus NO_VALUE
Ciliophora Oligohymenophorea Peniculida Parameciidae Paramecium tetraurelia sd4-2
Ciliophora Oligohymenophorea Hymenostomatida Tetrahymenidae Tetrahymena thermophila SB210
Apicomplexa Coccidia Eucoccidiorida Cryptosporidiidae Cryptosporidium parvum IowaII
Apicomplexa Aconoidasida NO_VALUE Theileriidae Theileria annulata Ankara
Apicomplexa Aconoidasida Haemosporida NO_VALUE Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL
NO_VALUE Lobosa Amoebida Entamoebidae Entamoeba histolytica HM-1:IMSS
Mycetozoa Dictyostelia Dictyosteliida NO_VALUE Dictyostelium discoideum AX4
NO_VALUE NO_VALUE Choanoflagellida Codonosigidae Monosiga brevicollis MX1
Microsporidia NO_VALUE NO_VALUE Unikaryonidae Encephalitozoon cuniculi GB-M1
Basidiomycota Tremellomycetes Tremellales Tremellaceae Cryptococcus neoformans JEC21
Ascomycota Schizosaccharomycetes Schizosaccharomyceta
les
Schizosaccharomyce
taceae
Schizosaccharom
yces
pombe 972h-
Ascomycota Pezizomycetes Pezizales Tuberaceae Tuber melanosporum Mel28
Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Pleosporales Phaeosphaeriaceae Phaeosphaeria nodorum SN15
Ascomycota Eurotiomycetes Eurotiales Trichocomaceae Aspergillus nidulans FGSC_A4
Ascomycota LeotiomyceteS Helotiales Sclerotiniaceae Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 1980_UF-70
Ascomycota Sordariomycetes Sordariales Sordariaceae Neurospora crassa OR74A
Ascomycota Saccharomycetes Saccharomycetales Saccharomycetaceae Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c
Rhodophyta Cyanidiophyceae Cyanidiales Cyanidiaceae Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D
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Chlorophyta Mamiellophyceae Mamiellales Bathycoccaceae Ostreococcus lucimarinus CCE9901
Chlorophyta Chlorophyceae Chlamydomonadales Volvocaceae Volvox carteri f_nagariensis
Chlorophyta Chlorophyceae Chlamydomonadales Chlamydomonadace
ae
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii NO_VALUE
Streptophyta Liliopsida Poales Poaceae Oryza sativa japonica
Streptophyta NO_VALUE Brassicales Brassicaceae Arabidopsis thaliana NO_VALUE
Nematoda Chromadorea Rhabditida Rhabditidae Caenorhabditis elegans NO_VALUE
Arthropoda Branchiopoda Diplostraca Daphniidae Daphnia pulex NO_VALUE
Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Drosophilidae Drosophila melanogaster NO_VALUE
Echinodermata Echinoidea Echinoida Strongylocentrotidae Strongylocentrot
us
purpuratus NO_VALUE
Chordata Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Danio rerio NO_VALUE
Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens GRCh37
Bacillariophyta Pelagophyceae Pelagomonadales Pelagomonadaceae Aureococcus anophagefferens NO_VALUE
Chlorophyta Mamiellophyceae Mamiellales Mamiellaceae Micromonas pusilla CCMP1545
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Table S3b: List of eukaryotic EST libraries added to PhymmBL reference database. Sequences downloaded from NCBI DB-EST and clustered with
CD-HIT to ensure non-redundancy.
phylum class order family genus species strain
Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Gonyaulacales Gonyaulacaceae Alexandrium catenella NO_VALUE
Bacillariophyta Coscinodiscophyceae Chaetocerotales Chaetocerotaceae Chaetoceros neogracile NO_VALUE
Glaucophyta Glaucophyceae Glaucocystales Glaucocystaceae Cyanophora paradoxa NO_VALUE
Ochrophyta Phaeophyceae Ectocarpales Ectocarpaceae Ectocarpus siliculosus NO_VALUE
Haptophyta Prymnesiophyceae Isochrysidales Noelaerhabdaceae Emiliania huxleyi NO_VALUE
Cryptophyta Cryptophyceae Pyrenomonadales Geminigeraceae Guillardia theta NO_VALUE
Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Peridiniales Heterocapsaceae Heterocapsa triquetra NO_VALUE
Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Gymnodiniales Gymnodiniaceae Karenia brevis NO_VALUE
Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Gymnodiniales Gymnodiniaceae Karlodinium micrum NO_VALUE
Haptophyta Pavlovophyceae Pavlovales Pavlovaceae Pavlova lutheri NO_VALUE
24 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
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Table S4: Temperature (T), salinity (in PSU), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) andmajor nutrients given in mol/L. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) given in g/L or expressed as in-situμ μ
fluorescence and light, day length. ANT 1, 2: Antarctic, ARC: Arctic, EPAC 1, 2: EquatorialPacific, NATL: North Atlantic, NPAC: North-East Pacific. N.d. = no data available. S = Takenfrom “SPINDLER, Michael. NEOGLOBOQUADRINA PACHYDERMA FROM ANTARCTICSEA ICE. Proc. NIPR Symp. Polar Biol. Vol. 9. (1996).“ P = Data derived from depth-corrected,in-situ measurements from analogous environments from Pangea information system (Seesupplementary materials and methods for full details). W = Data derived from World Ocean Atlas(Annual mean surface measurements). L= Day lengths calculated using formula from(http://ocean.stanford.edu/courses/EESS151/).
Location T
[C°]
NO3 Si(OH)4 PO4 Salinity
(PSU)
PAR
(W/m2)P
Chl a (ug/L) or
in situfluorescence
Day Length
(Hours)L
ANT1 -2 7.8 6.1 2.2 39.3S 0.02 93ug/L 13.73
ANT2 -2 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.02 n.d. 12.01
ARC -1.1 5W 2.5W 0.5W 34.2 2.19 n.d. 24
EPAC1 27 4.72 2.42 0.5 35.3W 279.62 0.26 ug /L 11.97
EPAC2 27 4.4 1.88 0.5 35.3W 60.02 0.29 ug/L 11.97
NATL 2.1 5W 2.5W 0.5W 34.9 0.32 n.d. 24
NPAC 12 12.47 30.02 1.71 30 324.37 6.98 in situfluorescence
14.1
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Table S5: Taxonomic composition of major eukaryotic phytoplankton species in NPAC (North-
East Pacific (Puget Sound)) on 15th
of August 2006. N=3.
Dominant phytoplankton Cells / L
Coscinodiscus walesii 5472 ±894
Chaetoceros spp. single cells 13105 ± 1983
Chaetoceros spp. chains 6280 ± 453
Thalassiosira spp. 91129 ± 7998
Thalassiosira nitzschioides <1000
Pennate diatoms <100
Dinoflagellates <100
Unidentified flagellates <1000
26 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
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Table S6: Significantly differentially expressed (p < 0.05; log2 fold change >1) Thalassiosira
pseudonana genes and expression values under different growth limitations in relation to control
growth.
ID Si Fe N T Co2 PFAM
6363 0 0 0 1.27 0 Ribosomal_L23eN
5259 0 0 0 1.14 0 Ribosomal_L44
2848 -2.6 -1.56 -4.74 -1.55 0 PsbU
25772 0 0 -1.33 0 0 Actin
28496 -2.89 1.44 -2.04 2.42 0 AdoHcyase
38715 -5.85 -1.17 -3.96 -3.62 0 Chloroa_b-bind
41829 1.38 0 0 0 0 GTP_EFTU;GTP_EFTU_D2;GTP_EFTU_D3
6285 0 0 0 1.34 0 HATPase_c;HSP90
42962 0 0 1.38 0 0 Chloroa_b-bind
31383 -3.61 -1.01 -3.43 1.04 0 Gp_dh_N;Gp_dh_C
575 -3.58 0 -4.11 0 0 Aminotran_3
866 0 0 -1.32 0 0 CLP_protease
12152 -2.94 0 -2.9 2.28 0 ketoacyl-synt;Ketoacyl-synt_C
26893 0 0 0 1.47 0 Ribosomal_S13
25933 0 0 -1.62 0 0 TPT
41256 -1.31 0 0 0 0 ATP-synt_ab_N;ATP-synt_ab_C
41548 0 0 0 0 1.7 Epimerase
26051 0 0 0 1.68 0 Gln-synt_N;Gln-synt_C
31705 -1.84 -1.13 0 -2.18 0 Mpv17_PMP22
264201 0 0 0 1.28 0 Ribosomal_L2;Ribosomal_L2_C
38583 -4.98 -1.28 -4.31 -2.28 0 Chloroa_b-bind
9716 0 0 0 1.69 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
268127 -5.69 -1.11 -7.68 -5.58 0 Chloroa_b-bind
268304 -3.86 -1.19 -4.27 0 0 0
33018 -6.19 -1.67 -6.41 -3.45 0 Chloroa_b-bind
802 0 0 0 1.02 0 Ribosomal_L18p
32924 -3.56 -2.49 -3.43 0 0 Ribul_P_3_epim
39143 1.16 0 0 0 0 Mito_carr
264921 -4.12 -2.46 -1.86 2.68 0 Chloroa_b-bind
428 -4.88 -2.57 -2.2 0 0 F_bP_aldolase
1326 -2.16 0 0 0 0 ATP-sulfurylase
29825 0 0 0 1.23 0 Ribosomal_S8e
32201 -4.33 0 -3.08 0 0 Mg_chelatase;VWA
39936 0 0 0 1.57 0 Metallophos
1738 0 0 -1.59 0 0 CLP_protease
21175 -4.53 -1.14 -5.62 0 0 Transketolase_N;Transket_pyr;Transketolase_
C
32546 0 0 -1.6 2.13 0 Cyt-b5;FA_desaturase
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262125 -3.45 -1.49 0 0 0 NIR_SIR_ferr
3622 -1.09 0 -1.19 0 0 IspD
21815 0 1.47 -1.84 1.53 0 S-AdoMet_synt_N;S-AdoMet_synt_M;S-
AdoMet_synt_C
22565 -2.12 0 1.44 0 0 Sugar_tr
26046 0 0 0 1.11 0 Ribosomal_S3Ae
28189 0 0 0 3.65 0 HSP70;NAD-GH
31012 -3.51 -1.87 -2.97 0 0 Coprogen_oxidas
31516 0 0 0 1.46 0 NOP5NT;NOSIC;Nop
32555 -1.58 0 0 0 0 Ribonuc_red_sm
32752 0 0 0 1.16 0 Ribosomal_L24e
39278 -1.17 0 0 0 0 ATP-synt_C
42326 -2.22 0 -2.37 -1.87 0 UDPGP
269274 -3.27 0 0 -2 0 MFS_1
2343 -2.21 0 -3.64 1.87 0 0
3741 -1.71 -1.41 0 2.13 0 ELO
4830 0 1.64 0 0 0 Cofilin_ADF
5021 0 0 0 2.02 0 ketoacyl-synt;Ketoacyl-synt_C
5174 -3.9 0 -5.07 -4.63 0 Chloroa_b-bind
10234 -4.48 -2.55 -3.98 -1.15 0 FAD_binding_3
11411 0 0 2.09 0 0 Citrate_synt
20603 -6.96 -2.64 -7.64 -2.61 0 0
25892 -4.33 -1.44 -3.64 0 0 NAD_binding_1
26221 0 0 0 1.02 0 Ribosomal_S13_N;Ribosomal_S15
26367 0 0 0 1.21 0 Ribosomal_S8
28125 -1.81 0 0 0 0 GlutR_N;Shikimate_DH;GlutR_dimer
31446 0 0 0 1.11 0 Ribosomal_S21
33008 0 0 0 1.86 0 EPSP_synthase
36235 -2.24 0 -1.52 0 0 p450
36979 0 0 0 2.01 0 Fcf1
38667 -5.92 -1.49 -4.18 -3.48 0 Chloroa_b-bind
39901 0 0 0 0 1.39 PGK
40391 -1.82 0 1.83 0 0 Enolase_N;Enolase_C
269240 0 0 1.83 1.63 0 HSP70;NAD-GH
3815 -5.93 -3.43 -3.8 -5.97 0 Chloroa_b-bind
4914 -3.23 0 -3.32 0 0 NAD_binding_1
5219 -2.66 -2.41 -2.69 0 0 Acyl_transf_1
5240 -2.5 0 -2.92 -3.08 0 ALAD
8522 -2.23 0 0 0 -2.35 Ribonuc_red_sm
9021 -2.95 0 0 0 0 Porphobil_deam;Porphobil_deamC
10233 -1.74 0 -1.45 0 0 0
11501 -5.78 -1.87 -5.7 -2.24 0 Chloroa_b-bind
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13806 -1.17 0 0 0 0 tRNA-synt_1c;tRNA-synt_1c_C
20008 0 0 0 1.36 0 Ribosomal_S26e
20965 -7.71 -2.61 -7.03 -3.37 -1.4 0
21261 -2.28 0 0 0 0 Rubredoxin
21292 1.31 0 0 0 0 CitMHS
21327 -1.62 0 -1.93 0 0 DUF1625
21972 -1.75 0 0 3.01 0 0
22350 0 0 0 1.38 0 Ribosomal_S21e
22476 0 0 0 1.43 0 Ribosomal_L13e
23283 -1.74 0 -2.07 0 0 0
24250 -1.5 0 1.76 0 0 SSF
26436 0 0 0 1.7 0 Peptidase_M3
26573 -3.65 -1.62 -3.28 0 0 DUF3479;CobN-Mg_chel
27873 0 0 1.55 0 0 IMPDH
29217 0 0 0 1.17 0 Ribosomal_L7Ae
29375 -5.89 -1.9 -6.91 -4 0 Chloroa_b-bind
29728 0 0 0 0 1.67 Epimerase
29842 -4.9 -1.85 -4.56 -1.78 0 0
29861 0 0 1.65 0 0 GATase_2;Glu_syn_central;Glu_synthase;GX
GXG
31014 0 0 0 1.59 0 Adap_comp_sub
31091 -2.13 0 -1.72 0 0 NDK
31851 -1.58 0 -1.94 2.95 0 adh_short
31912 -1.36 0 0 0 0 Pro_isomerase
32955 -2.59 -1.71 -3.24 0 0 ADH_N;ADH_zinc_N
33871 0 0 0 1.69 0 Metallophos
34585 -2.72 -2.43 -3.81 0 0 Radical_SAM;BATS
34830 -4.34 -1.9 -5.16 -1.91 0 MSP
34864 0 0 -1.2 2.39 0 FKBP_N;FKBP_C
35180 -7.04 0 -1.56 -1.08 -1.87 Mpv17_PMP22
35712 -4.7 0 -5.16 1.56 0 PGK
35816 0 0 -1.51 0 0 Gp_dh_N;Gp_dh_C
35934 -4.71 -1.26 -4.14 0 0 Cytochrom_C
37083 0 0 0 1.17 0 DnaJ;DnaJ_C
39003 0 0 2.91 3.93 0 UPF0113
39666 -1.14 0 0 0 0 cobW;CobW_C
40156 -2.65 0 -2.08 0 0 ATP-synt
40312 0 0 0 1.15 0 Ribosomal_S9
41005 -2.34 0 -2.43 0 0 Transket_pyr;Transketolase_C
41113 0 0 0 1.79 0 Cyt-b5;FA_desaturase
262796 -3.1 -1.28 -4.57 0 0 PP-binding
264039 -2.02 0 -2.37 0 0 p450
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268374 0 0 2.49 0 0 E1_dh
268895 7.15 0 -1.35 0 0 Silic_transp
269348 -1.97 0 -2.4 0 0 Pyrophosphatase
269942 -2.92 0 -2.57 0 0 SHMT
105 0 0 0 1.55 0 S1;EIF_2_alpha
174 0 0 1.6 0 0 CoA_trans
225 0 0 -1.44 0 0 RRF
233 -7.44 -6.88 -5.57 -7.99 0 0
283 -1.8 0 -1.19 0 0 HIT
370 -3.98 0 0 2.63 -1.51 Ribonuc_red_lgC;ATP-cone;Ribonuc_red_lgN
411 0 0 0 1.64 0 CoA_binding;Ligase_CoA
412 -4.68 -2.58 -3.32 -2.01 0 Aminotran_1_2
511 0 0 0 1.2 0 FeoB_N;MMR_HSR1;YchF-GTPase_C
547 -2.07 0 -2.82 2.11 0 Biotin_lipoyl;E3_binding;2-oxoacid_dh
574 -1.83 0 -1.9 0 0 TPP_enzyme_C;Transket_pyr;Transketolase_C
595 0 0 0 1.39 0 eIF-1a
644 -3.46 0 -2.63 1.37 0 PfkB
656 0 -1.66 2.43 0 0 GST_C
681 3.06 0 0 0 0 0
711 0 0 -1.29 0 0 SBF
795 2.64 0 4.83 -2.61 0 E1_dh
799 0 0 0 1.25 0 ABC_membrane;ABC_tran
843 -1.08 0 0 0 0 Ras
874 -6.26 -1.87 -5.24 0 0 0
896 1.62 1.94 0 0 0 0
899 0 0 2.14 -1.96 1.95 0
928 0 0 0 1.58 1.87 DAGAT
932 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 Choline_transpo
985 0 0 2.3 0 1.89 0
997 -1.34 0 0 0 0 OTCace_N
1010 0 0 1.56 0 0 0
1022 0 0 0 2.11 0 0
1049 -3.57 -2.35 -3.67 -2.79 0 GFO_IDH_MocA;GFO_IDH_MocA_C
1060 0 0 1.97 1.87 0 GFA
1093 -3.69 -2.84 -3.82 -2.77 0 DUF803
1122 0 0 0 1.17 0 Nuc_sug_transp
1160 1.99 1.65 0 0 0 FKBP_C
1203 0 0 0 2.07 0 PPI_Ypi1
1210 0 1.3 0 0 -1.94 0
1238 0 0 0 -1.65 0 Glyoxalase
1243 -1.78 0 0 0 -1.35 0
1247 1.63 1.53 -1.49 0 0 PALP
30 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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1254 -2.59 0 -2.32 -1.92 0 Chalcone
1309 1.77 0 0 0 0 0
1344 2.32 2.3 0 0 0 0
1356 0 0 0 -1.06 0 0
1374 0 0 1.24 2.32 0 RRM_1
1388 0 0 1.9 0 0 0
1393 -1.39 1.24 0 0 0 SMC_N
1397 0 0 0 1.1 -1.03 0
1456 0 0 -1.38 0 0 IDH
1463 2.63 0 0 0 0 zf-DHHC
1481 0 0 0 -1.26 0 0
1515 -1.39 0 0 0 0 NifU
1526 0 0 0 2.3 0 CRAL_TRIO
1557 0 0 0 2.26 0 0
1584 -1.89 0 -1.56 0 0 Pro_isomerase
1591 4.04 2.39 0 0 0 0
1594 -2.3 0 0 0 0 0
1637 -2.6 -2.29 -2.58 0 0 0
1665 -1.56 0 0 0 0 Fer2
1666 0 0 0 2.63 0 Tic22
1711 0 0 1.69 -1.58 0 CRAL_TRIO
1724 -1.26 0 -1.36 0 0 0
1734 0 0 0 2 0 PPR
1754 0 0 -1.7 0 0 GST_C
1761 0 0 0 2.18 0 DUF1499
1779 0 0 1.37 -1.61 0 SPX
1798 0 0 1.49 0 0 0
1843 4.31 2.56 0 0 0 Bestrophin
1869 0 0 0 1.7 0 0
1870 -1.29 0 0 3.24 0 0
1889 -1.19 0 0 0 0 EFP_N;Elong-fact-P_C
1899 0 0 0 -2.31 1.63 0
1903 1.55 0 0 0 0 0
1908 -1.63 0 0 0 0 Spindle_Spc25
1909 0 0 0 2.09 0 0
1932 5.42 2.98 3.15 -1.23 0 HA
1945 2.68 0 0 0 0 zf-C3HC4
1951 0 0 0 2.23 0 SET
1953 -4.58 -1.23 -3.92 0 0 0
1962 0 0 0 1.56 0 Peptidase_M48
1965 -1.26 0 -2.31 -1.44 0 0
1968 -1.57 0 0 0 0 0
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 31
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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1989 -2.27 0 -1.95 -1.81 0 FKBP_C
2028 2.43 0 1.71 0 0 RCC1
2078 -7.16 -6.32 -5.72 -7.58 0 0
2157 0 0 1.03 0 0 D123
2220 1.37 0 0 0 0 HSF_DNA-bind
2237 1.67 0 0 0 0 0
2243 1.62 1.54 0 0 0 0
2287 0 0 -1.12 -1.19 0 0
2320 0 0 1.39 -1.42 0 0
2335 -1.8 0 0 0 -1.68 CXC
2352 -1.8 0 0 0 0 ClpS
2375 0 0 0 2.04 0 Polyketide_cyc
2420 0 0 0 2.87 0 S1
2462 -2.54 -1.44 0 0 0 0
2465 -1.94 0 0 -1.91 0 0
2483 0 0 1.65 0 0 0
2524 0 -2.37 0 0 0 Cyclin_N;Cyclin_C
2535 0 0 0 1.76 0 0
2540 0 0 0 1.19 0 Acetyltransf_1
2553 -1.29 0 0 -1.34 0 ADH_N
2577 -1.17 0 -1.19 0 0 0
2601 -4.6 -1.7 -4.57 -2.1 0 Chloroa_b-bind
2642 2.17 0 0 0 0 0
2671 0 0 0 1.13 0 NUDIX
2673 -3.4 0 -2.8 -3.52 0 Rieske
2698 0 0 0 -1.52 0 0
2769 -1.28 -1.36 -1.2 0 0 Mito_carr
2772 0 0 1.56 1.54 0 Utp14
2818 0 -1.27 0 0 0 0
2845 -4.81 -1.42 -5.5 -1.95 0 Chloroa_b-bind
2846 -1.68 0 -1.76 -1.6 0 2-Hacid_dh;2-Hacid_dh_C
2877 2.05 0 0 0 3.27 0
2880 0 0 0 0 1.26 TspO_MBR
2892 0 0 0 2.77 0 UBA;EF_TS
2916 1.22 1.26 -1.72 0 0 TENA_THI-4
2921 0 0 0 1.09 0 SAP;RRM_1
2928 0 0 0 -1.92 0 0
2942 2.46 1.32 0 0 0 0
2957 0 0 0 -1.71 0 0
3073 0 0 0 1.34 0 Polyketide_cyc
3085 0 1.53 0 0 0 0
3105 0 0 0 1.43 0 SKN1
32 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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3111 0 0 0 -1.65 0 0
3114 0 0 0 6.9 0 AhpC-TSA
3132 0 0 0 1.64 0 Ank
3141 -2.57 0 -2.69 0 0 0
3143 -1.98 -1.86 -2.16 2.38 0 FA_desaturase
3148 0 0 0 -1.51 0 Inhibitor_I29;Peptidase_C1
3189 0 0 0 1.45 0 WHEP-TRS
3201 4.58 2.01 0 1.38 0 0
3215 0 0 0 1.71 0 Cyclin_N;Cyclin_C
3222 1.78 0 0 0 0 TauD
3244 0 0 0 -1.39 1.94 PLA2G12
3250 5.85 0 0 1.56 1.58 0
3275 0 -1.71 1.49 0 0 TLD
3298 0 0 0 2.35 0 MtN3_slv
3300 0 0 0 1.81 0 0
3313 3.62 2.8 0 3.09 0 peroxidase
3322 0 2 -2.47 0 0 0
3326 -2.5 -1.96 -1.69 0 0 TauD
3330 0 0 0 0 2.15 cNMP_binding;RGS
3344 0 0 0 2.82 0 Mpv17_PMP22
3353 -4.96 -3.07 -4.51 0 0 FMN_dh
3397 1.57 0 0 0 0 ETF_QO
3426 0 0 0 0 1.53 zf-DNL
3428 -2.4 0 -2.08 0 0 0
3453 -2.31 -2.19 -2.73 -2.7 -1.92 0
3463 -3.73 -2.36 -2.84 0 0 0
3481 0 0 -2.17 0 0 0
3482 -2.48 0 0 0 -1.51 0
3524 1.22 0 0 0 0 Mito_carr
3554 0 0 2.52 0 0 0
3583 0 0 1.34 0 0 0
3601 1.09 0 1.53 2.13 0 Ion_trans_2
3604 1.69 1.98 0 0 3.2 0
3614 0 0 2.65 2.11 2.1 0
3627 1.65 0 0 0 0 Thiolase_N;Thiolase_C
3706 3.25 0 0 0 0 0
3748 -1.98 0 0 6.58 0 Mito_carr
3755 0 0 0 1.48 0 0
3781 1.77 0 1.97 3.55 0 0
3839 1.28 1.27 0 0 0 0
3840 0 1.54 0 0 0 PPR
3845 0 0 0 1.54 0 0
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 33
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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3863 3.52 0 0 0 0 DAO
3878 -1.67 0 -1.66 0 0 Pro_isomerase
3883 -1.7 0 -2.5 1.29 0 0
3903 0 0 0 1.57 0 adh_short
3906 0 0 1.76 0 0 Mito_carr
3944 0 0 0 1.42 0 MMR_HSR1
3956 0 0 0 2.11 0 FUN14
3974 -2.85 -1.4 0 -1.7 0 URO-D
3975 3.32 2.97 0 0 0 0
3976 3.22 2.71 0 0 0 0
4000 0 0 1.28 0 0 0
4002 -1.83 0 -1.87 -1.53 0 Peptidase_M14
4007 0 0 1.97 0 0 0
4026 0 0 0 0 3.06 0
4050 3 1.76 0 0 1.54 0
4058 0 0 0 -2.7 2.38 Cyclin_N
4067 0 0 2.33 0 0 0
4086 0 0 1.95 0 0 0
4117 0 0 0 2.72 0 0
4146 0 0 0 0 1.95 0
4170 -1.62 0 0 0 -1.21 0
4214 -1.18 0 0 0 0 0
4225 0 1.52 -2.05 0 1.91 0
4261 0 0 0 -1.73 0 0
4270 -1.43 0 0 0 0 Scramblase
4315 -1.76 0 0 -2.65 0 0
4349 0 0 0 2.99 0 0
4355 0 0 3.27 0 0 0
4376 -1.73 0 0 0 0 PRK
4382 0 0 -1.69 3.33 0 DUF2854
4439 -5.15 -2.67 -5.37 0 0 0
4456 0 0 0 -1.19 0 0
4495 -1.41 0 0 0 0 0
4536 0 0 0 0 -1.9 0
4576 0 0 0 1.59 0 MatE
4608 1.51 1.49 0 0 0 0
4616 2.34 3.01 0 0 0 0
4624 0 0 0 1.24 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
4633 0 0 0 1.31 0 0
4654 0 0 3.05 0 0 0
4659 0 0 0 0 -1.75 0
4668 -1.96 0 0 0 0 0
34 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
4700 -2.93 0 -1.38 0 0 0
4718 -1.55 0 -1.71 -1.6 0 Epimerase
4726 0 0 0 -2.07 0 0
4755 0 0 2 0 0 0
4765 1.82 0 0 0 0 RRM_1
4767 0 0 -1.41 0 0 0
4781 -1.52 0 0 0 0 0
4782 0 0 0 0 -1.19 0
4804 0 0 -1.58 0 0 Aldo_ket_red
4819 -3.98 -3.64 -4.19 -3.27 0 Bestrophin
4820 -7.85 -4.81 -6.44 -5.62 0 Bestrophin
4834 0 0 0 -2.01 0 PTPS
4875 0 0 -1.83 0 0 PK;PK_C
4878 3.1 2.49 0 0 0 0
4888 -1.89 -1.57 -2.55 0 0 0
4891 0 0 0 1.59 0 DSPc
4900 0 0 0 1.38 0 DUF1997
4919 0 0 2.51 0 0 0
4985 0 1.39 0 1.57 1.33 0
5009 0 -1.17 0 0 0 0
5026 -1.16 0 0 0 0 ATP-synt
5028 1.25 0 0 0 0 RdRP
5077 -3.74 -1.45 -2.74 -1.53 0 adh_short
5078 0 0 0 3.14 0 tRNA-synt_2b;HGTP_anticodon
5108 0 0 0 1.76 0 DUF3727
5110 7.62 7.82 0 0 0 0
5130 0 0 2.11 2.62 0 Sel1
5147 -1.71 0 0 0 0 0
5186 0 0 1.56 -2.21 0 PEPCK_ATP
5193 0 0 1.12 0 0 DUF2263
5201 0 0 0 -1.29 1.45 MatE
5293 0 0 0 1.7 0 Kri1;Iso_dh;MobB;Clp1
5362 0 0 0 1.35 0 0
5371 0 0 1.4 0 0 0
5377 0 0 0 2.76 0 0
5380 0 0 0 2.36 0 DUF1092
5393 0 0 0 -1.33 0 0
5394 -1.96 0 2.8 1.47 0 0
5424 -2.12 -1.24 2.74 -3.55 0 zf-C3HC4
5470 -1.6 0 0 0 0 CBS
5484 0 0 0 1.39 0 DUF914
5500 0 -3.03 0 -2.77 1.5 PPDK_N;PEP-utilizers_C
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 35
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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5513 0 0 0 2.06 0 0
5515 0 0 0 1.32 0 SAM_2
5532 0 0 0 3.57 0 0
5533 0 0 0 5 0 Chloroa_b-bind
5545 -1.27 0 -1.75 2.95 1.37 0
5584 0 0 0 0 1.15 2OG-FeII_Oxy
5600 0 -1.56 0 0 0 0
5607 -1.53 0 0 -1.68 0 Choline_transpo
5647 0 0 0 1.05 0 0
5675 -1.24 0 0 1.23 0 0
5763 1.25 0 0 0 0 SAP
5778 0 0 0 -1.71 1.68 0
5832 0 0 0 0 1.68 Cytochrom_B561
5835 4.22 2.47 0 0 1.63 0
5954 -3.12 1.59 -2.12 2.55 0 AdoHcyase
5989 1.91 0 0 0 0 Inositol_P
6048 0 0 2.99 -1.93 0 0
6114 0 0 0 0 1.31 Guanylate_cyc_2
6123 0 0 0 1.84 0 Ank
6139 -1.85 -1.56 -1.76 0 0 Chloroa_b-bind
6155 -2.35 -1.69 -2.66 0 0 0
6203 -2.3 0 0 -2.63 0 Bestrophin
6204 0 0 0 -2.13 0 Bestrophin
6211 5.74 4.5 0 0 0 Cyclin_N
6248 0 0 0 -1.75 0 0
6250 0 0 1.53 1.34 0 0
6253 0 0 0 1.47 0 0
6258 0 0 0 -1.43 0 NUDIX
6290 0 0 -1.9 2.89 0 NDK
6330 0 0 0 0 -1.87 0
6332 0 0 0 -3.06 0 0
6383 0 0 0 2.08 0 RNA_pol_Rpb7_N;S1
6489 0 0 0 1.69 0 0
6551 0 1.72 -3.16 0 0 0
6562 -1.25 0 0 0 0 Ribosomal_L23
6564 0 0 -1.38 0 0 TspO_MBR
6581 1.5 0 0 0 0 0
6607 0 0 0 1.73 0 SpoU_methylase
6670 0 0 0 -1.58 0 ATG_C;DUF1162
6731 0 0 -3.23 -2.64 0 0
6743 1.57 2.33 0 0 0 0
6750 0 0 0 -2.56 0 0
36 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
6770 -4.39 -1.46 -4.97 -1.74 0 CPSase_L_chain;CPSase_L_D2;Biotin_carb_
C;Biotin_lipoyl;ACC_central;Carboxyl_trans
6807 0 0 0 0 -1.25 0
6817 -1.69 0 -1.42 0 0 PAP_fibrillin;PEMT
6876 0 0 0 -1.73 0 0
6894 0 0 3.71 1.45 0 Pirin;Pirin_C
6931 0 0 0 1.45 0 Mpv17_PMP22
6948 0 0 0 1.14 0 Histone
6949 0 0 0 0 1.59 Peptidase_S41
6950 1.13 0 0 0 0 Peptidase_S41
6958 0 0 1.31 0 0 HSF_DNA-bind
6971 0 0 2.28 0 0 0
6979 0 0 0 0 1.58 DJ-1_PfpI
6988 0 0 -1.47 0 0 tRNA_anti;tRNA-synt_2
7019 0 0 1.25 0 0 mTERF
7023 -1.74 0 0 0 -1.35 0
7031 0 0 0 1.2 0 CIA30
7060 -1.77 0 -1.54 0 0 0
7070 0 0 1.93 0 0 0
7093 0 0 0 1.57 0 Lipase_3
7094 0 0 0 1.47 0 Amino_oxidase
7110 0 0 0 -1.77 -1.45 0
7123 -1.28 0 0 0 0 Exonuc_X-T
7134 0 1.66 1.62 0 0 Mem_trans
7155 -1.05 0 -1.13 0 0 0
7166 0 0 0 1.46 0 PGAM
7186 3.31 3.13 0 -2.18 1.99 0
7265 0 0 0 1.27 0 NOB1_Zn_bind
7268 0 0 0 -2.46 1.09 Cation_ATPase_N;E1-E2_ATPase;Hydrolase
7270 -2.31 -2.04 -1.7 -1.93 0 0
7341 0 0 -1.67 0 0 TPT
7349 0 0 0 0 3.25 0
7372 0 0 0 0 2.3 Trypsin
7491 0 0 3.2 0 0 HA
7509 1.03 0 0 0 0 0
7558 0 0 0 2.14 0 DUF525
7582 0 0 0 0 2.65 Guanylate_cyc
7583 0 0 0 1.51 0 DUF1995
7642 0 0 0 2.07 0 Hydrolase_4
7669 0 0 0 -1.98 0 0
7678 0 0 0 1.33 0 0
7704 0 0 0 -2.1 0 Pyr_redox_2;Pyr_redox_dim;Rhodanese
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 37
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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7709 -3.68 -2.02 3.15 -3.82 0 0
7719 2.25 0 0 0 0 YbaK
7742 0 0 0 2.11 0 KTI12
7752 0 0 1.37 -1.56 0 0
7776 6.44 3.91 0 0 1.6 0
7805 0 0 0 4.78 0 Aldo_ket_red
7815 0 0 0 -2.34 0 0
7838 0 0 0 1.62 0 0
7859 0 0 0 0 1.31 0
7863 1.31 0 -1.39 0 0 0
7865 2.76 1.74 0 0 0 DUF839
7873 -1.58 0 0 0 0 0
7881 -2.62 0 -3.3 0 0 0
7883 -4.65 -2.83 -2.25 1.71 0 0
7887 0 0 0 0 1.51 Snf7
7916 -6.56 -2.87 -6.92 -5.96 0 Chloroa_b-bind
7940 -2.64 0 0 2.93 0 0
7950 -2.56 -1.71 0 -2.5 0 0
7974 0 0 0 -2.87 0 0
7997 -1.4 0 0 0 0 TLD
7999 2.16 0 0 1.96 0 0
8014 0 0 -1.56 0 0 0
8028 -1.66 -1.04 0 -1 0 0
8031 -2.29 0 0 -1.36 0 0
8044 -1.39 -1.41 0 0 1.27 Pentapeptide
8062 0 0 0 1.17 0 0
8073 -1.86 0 -1.61 -2.19 0 TauD
8086 2.67 1.69 0 0 0 0
8164 0 0 0 1.78 0 0
8180 2.29 0 0 0 0 0
8181 0 0 0 0 -1.46 0
8216 0 -1.37 1.58 0 0 0
8219 -6.31 0 0 0 0 0
8248 -3.24 -1.73 -2.99 0 0 HopJ
8270 0 0 0 1.47 0 0
8281 0 0 1.6 2.66 0 0
8329 -1.94 -1.41 0 0 0 0
8355 0 0 0 -1.44 0 0
8365 1.93 2.62 0 0 0 0
8407 2.84 0 2.91 -4.6 1.94 0
8409 -1.72 0 0 0 0 0
8426 -1.26 0 0 0 0 Mito_carr
38 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
8437 0 0 0 1.45 0 E1-E2_ATPase
8439 1.17 1.07 1.57 0 0 Epimerase
8469 1.16 0 1.49 1.65 0 0
8521 0 0 4.56 1.55 0 PseudoU_synth_1
8537 0 2.28 0 0 0 Peptidase_M50
8571 0 0 0 1.6 0 0
8611 0 0 0 2 0 FG-GAP
8670 -1.33 -1.53 -1.61 2.06 0 0
8672 -1.58 -1.85 0 -3.3 0 NAD_binding_4
8673 1.33 0 0 0 0 0
8698 1.56 0 1.62 0 0 0
8704 -1.38 0 0 0 -1.65 0
8713 -5.78 -2.91 -5.09 0 0 0
8733 0 0 0 -1.35 0 BHD_1;BHD_2;BHD_3
8740 2.62 1.82 0 0 0 Bestrophin
8775 0 0 0 2.84 0 Peptidase_S9
8778 0 0 2.99 0 0 Transket_pyr;Transketolase_C
8808 0 0 0 2.43 0 SNARE_assoc
8811 0 0 0 1.26 0 RPE65
8845 1.74 0 0 0 0 0
8861 0 0 1.75 2.06 0 GST_C
8952 -1.9 0 0 -2.5 2.56 GATase_2;SIS
8974 -2.14 -2.25 0 0 0 0
8979 1.24 0 0 0 0 MS_channel
8982 0 1.67 0 0 0 0
8997 0 0 0 1.68 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
9003 0 0 0 0 1.52 0
9007 1.69 0 0 0 0 0
9057 0 0 0 1.28 0 0
9060 0 0 1.72 0 0 0
9086 0 0 0 1.62 0 0
9087 0 0 0 1.51 0 Mito_carr
9118 0 0 0 2.17 0 MoaC
9122 0 0 0 1.84 -1.95 0
9152 0 0 0 -2.38 2.8 0
9173 0 0 0 -2 0 0
9240 -2.84 -2.88 0 -2.37 0 PT
9242 -2.55 -2.7 0 -2.33 0 0
9252 0 0 -1.63 0 0 SET
9255 0 1.29 0 0 0 0
9268 -1.63 -1.82 -2.06 -2.4 0 0
9284 0 0 0 -1.25 0 Guanylate_cyc
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 39
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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9352 -2.07 0 -3.15 0 0 LrgB
9394 0 0 -1.5 0 0 0
9406 0 -1.09 0 -1.86 1.45 0
9432 0 1.33 0 0 0 CAP
9442 0 0 0 2.96 0 Fibrillarin
9475 0 0 1.26 0 0 0
9479 2.14 1.62 0 0 0 ATG22
9485 -1.94 -1.47 0 0 0 mTERF
9499 0 0 1.71 0 0 Hydrolase_3
9502 -1.9 0 0 0 0 0
9511 0 0 0 1.96 0 ADK
9524 2.55 1.78 0 0 0 PAP_fibrillin
9557 -6.42 0 0 0 -2.1 0
9558 -2.53 0 0 0 0 0
9619 6.95 0 0 0 0 0
9689 0 0 0 2.19 0 PAS
9705 0 0 0 1.66 0 DUF2431
9714 1.14 1.93 1.34 -1.35 0 0
9722 0 0 0 -1.08 0 0
9737 0 0 1.02 0 0 0
9742 0 0 0 3.43 0 HA
9746 0 0 1.2 0 0 RNA_pol_Rpb4
9754 0 0 1.46 0 0 0
9795 0 0 -1.84 0 0 0
9830 0 0 -1.71 0 0 Cys_Met_Meta_PP
9840 0 1.9 0 0 0 Nramp
9874 0 0 0 0 -1.57 0
9878 -1.82 0 0 0 0 0
9903 -2.24 -2.11 -1.8 -2.44 0 0
9918 -2.08 0 -2.5 0 0 Cupin_3
9958 0 0 5.88 0 0 0
9976 0 0 0 1.3 0 0
10081 0 0 0 -1.1 0 Metallophos
10093 0 0 0 1.72 0 FAD_binding_3
10106 -1.12 0 0 0 -1.46 0
10156 -1.31 0 0 0 -1.35 Tcp10_C
10181 -1.51 0 0 0 0 0
10228 0 0 0 -1.48 0 0
10254 0 0 0 3.98 0 FAD_binding_2
10256 0 0 0 -2.55 0 0
10311 0 0 0 -3.97 1.75 0
10313 -1.61 0 0 -3.41 1.6 0
40 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
10360 -1.74 0 -1.54 -1.73 0 0
10363 5.41 0 1.36 -2.07 1.89 0
10378 -1.12 -1.11 0 0 0 0
10385 3.85 3.51 0 0 1.56 CMD
10416 0 0 0 1.47 0 0
10417 -3.3 0 -2.54 0 0 0
10425 0 1.48 0 -1.47 0 DUF1409
10457 0 0 0 -1.14 0 Alpha_kinase
10472 0 0 0 1.59 0 0
10497 0 -1.22 0 0 0 Gly_transf_sug
10518 0 0 1.33 0 0 0
10552 4.71 3 0 0 0 Beta_propel
10556 1.49 0 0 0 0 0
10604 0 0 0 3.31 0 Epimerase
10626 0 0 1.15 0 0 0
10661 0 1.58 0 0 0 0
10677 0 0 0 1.64 0 FA_desaturase
10723 1.83 0 -1.92 0 0 0
10741 0 0 0 -1.52 0 0
10767 -2.28 -1.78 -1.86 0 0 0
10791 -2.14 -2.57 0 -2.84 -2.78 RCC1
10850 0 1.26 0 0 0 FA_hydroxylase
10885 0 0 0 2.35 2.16 0
10899 3.17 0 0 -3.23 0 0
10945 0 0 3.03 0 0 0
10983 1.54 0 0 0 0 0
10997 4.09 4.05 0 0 0 0
11029 0 0 0 -1.77 0 0
11101 1.62 1.69 0 0 0 TauE
11118 0 0 -2.12 1.77 0 0
11133 -1.15 0 0 0 0 0
11145 0 0 1.67 0 0 0
11320 0 0 0 2.53 2.42 DAHP_synth_2
11352 0 0 1.35 0 0 0
11357 0 0 0 0 -1.62 0
11360 1.51 1.41 0 -1 0 0
11366 2.09 2.29 0 -1.85 0 0
11375 0 0 0 -1.24 0 Ferric_reduct;FAD_binding_8;NAD_binding_
6
11383 0 0 0 0 3.03 0
11392 0 1.98 -1.49 0 0 0
11430 -1.26 -1.37 0 0 0 0
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 41
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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11487 0 1.95 1.2 3.83 0 PhyH
11499 -1.04 0 0 0 0 0
11500 0 0 0 1.98 0 0
11508 0 0 0 1.82 0 Prefoldin_2
11523 0 -1.52 0 -1.54 0 Sulfotransfer_1
11548 -1.3 0 0 0 0 0
11557 0 0 0 0 -1.09 PhyH
11576 0 0 0 0 1.58 0
11676 0 0 0 1.06 0 LON
11757 -2.44 0 -2.53 0 0 0
11777 0 0 0 1.58 0 Methyltransf_16
11794 0 0 2.13 -2.2 0 0
11796 0 0 1.6 -2.45 0 0
11824 0 0 0 1.59 0 GidB
11836 -1.75 0 0 1.42 0 0
11858 0 -1.41 0 0 0 0
11902 -4.98 -1.28 -4.31 -2.28 0 Telo_bind
11905 0 2.07 0 0 0 0
11924 -2.23 0 -1.69 -2.25 0 PPR
11977 1.49 0 0 0 0 0
11978 0 0 0 2.21 0 Cyt-b5;DAO
12012 0 0 0 0 1.81 DSBA
12040 -1.47 0 -1.27 -1.58 2.34 0
12047 0 0 0 0 2.21 0
12061 0 0 0 1.78 0 0
12070 0 0 0 2.67 0 NDK
12072 0 0 0 0 1.9 0
12141 0 0 0 1.5 0 Abhydrolase_1
12171 0 1.65 0 0 1.52 0
12179 6.15 3.56 0 0 0 0
12594 2.11 4 0 0 0 Chitin_bind_1
12637 1.21 0 0 0 0 Myosin_head
12695 -2.2 0 -4.1 0 -1.46 Glucan_synthase
13064 0 0 2.15 0 0 GCS
13089 1.95 1.51 0 0 2.6 ABC_tran
13224 0 1.25 0 0 0 RRM_1;PABP
13254 0 0 0 1.89 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
13459 0 0 0 -1.34 0 AAA_2;ClpB_D2-small
13485 -2.79 -1.78 3.07 -4.51 0 Xan_ur_permease
13982 0 0 0 3.2 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
14147 -2.05 -2.19 -1.94 -2.23 0 PALP
14322 4.06 0 0 0 2.4 Pkinase
42 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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14370 1.52 0 0 0 0 WD40
14389 0 0 0 3.06 0 Pyridoxal_deC
14563 -1.56 0 0 0 0 Kinesin;6PF2K;PGAM
14597 0 0 1.72 0 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
14700 1.52 0 0 0 0 WD40
14942 0 0 -1.12 0 0 Kinesin
15027 0 0 0 1.47 0 CitMHS
15093 0 0 1.1 -1.4 0 Peptidase_S10
15226 0 0 0 1.07 0 GHMP_kinases_N
15259 0 0 0 1.43 0 S1
15638 1.52 0 0 -1.31 0 PHD;SET
15916 0 1.33 0 0 0 cNMP_binding;Pkinase
15961 2.17 1.26 0 0 0 5-FTHF_cyc-lig
16210 1.5 0 2.26 -2.33 0 0
16344 -2.52 -1.59 -2.77 -3.08 0 Nuc_sug_transp
16372 0 0 0 0 1.43 Aldo_ket_red
16390 0 0 1.36 0 0 Peptidase_C1;Inhibitor_I29
16746 0 2.11 0 2.41 0 Mito_carr
16772 0 0 0 1.47 0 Mito_carr
16777 0 0 0 0 1.54 0
16947 0 0 0 1.43 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
17031 2.08 2.14 0 -1.41 0 PI3_PI4_kinase
17073 -1.15 0 0 0 0 DUF1295
17140 3.04 2.52 0 0 0 Spermine_synth
17242 0 0 0 0 1.07 Band_7
17302 0 0 1.87 1.58 0 Inositol_P
17362 0 0 0 4.43 0 Kua-UEV1_localn
17439 -1.08 0 0 0 0 DUF818
17443 0 0 -1.6 1.86 0 Inositol_P
17480 0 0 0 1.58 0 Pkinase
17492 1.55 0 0 0 0 ThiF
17623 0 0 2.59 0 0 TP_methylase
17687 0 0 1.82 0 0 AAA
17704 -1.09 0 -1.5 0 0 Peptidase_C12
17854 0 0 -1.91 0 0 Heme_oxygenase
17859 0 0 0 1.47 0 DER1
17961 0 0 0 2.1 0 UPF0005
18076 2.43 0 0 2.24 0 ADK
18099 1.42 1.63 0 0 1.7 Nfu_N;NifU
18109 0 0 0 2.27 0 UPF0016
18198 0 0 1.5 1.61 0 RRM_1
18351 0 0 0 2.39 0 Maf
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 43
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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18536 1.42 1.48 -3.01 1.46 1.29 Chloroa_b-bind
18624 0 0 3.07 -2.01 0 Mpv17_PMP22
18662 0 0 2.17 0 0 Ank;ADK
18741 0 0 0 0 1.26 0
18820 1.04 0 0 0 0 Myb_DNA-binding
18841 0 0 0 0 1.59 RRM_1
19048 3.16 2.35 0 0 0 Pkinase
19094 0 0 0 0 1.54 Pkinase
19141 0 0 2.57 3.36 0 Flavodoxin_1
19351 0 0 0 1.22 0 LRR_1
19421 0 0 0 -1.4 0 HECT
19501 0 0 0 1.1 0 S10_plectin
19541 0 0 0 1.18 0 Ribosomal_L28e
19793 -3.03 0 0 1.23 0 Histone
19813 2.39 2.23 0 0 1.9 AdoMet_dc;Spermine_synth
19818 0 0 0 1.21 0 Ribosomal_S15
19895 1.58 0 0 0 0 BTB
19928 0 0 0 2.16 0 Ribosomal_L20
20065 -1.35 0 0 0 0 bZIP_1
20186 -1.61 -1.77 4.68 -1.74 2.02 DnaJ
20194 -3.7 0 -3.37 1.77 0 zf-CDGSH
20223 0 0 0 2.18 0 RRM_1
20266 0 0 0 2.25 0 RRM_1
20335 -3.97 -1.82 -5.32 -3.49 0 Rotamase
20567 1.47 0 0 0 0 MS_channel
20590 2.52 2.03 0 0 0 IQ
20593 0 0 -1.22 3.42 0 FA_hydroxylase
20605 2.23 1.01 0 0 0 DEAD
20609 0 0 1.9 0 0 0
20625 0 0 0 1.48 0 0
20629 0 0 0 1.73 0 YCII
20641 0 0 0 1.82 0 0
20648 0 0 0 0 1.7 0
20649 0 0 0 -2.18 0 0
20658 0 0 0 1.85 0 Nop53
20670 0 0 2.31 0 -1.84 0
20671 2.95 2.41 0 0 0 0
20678 0 0 0 1.53 0 Cupin_4
20707 0 0 0 0 1.04 0
20731 0 0 0 2.63 0 Mito_carr
20740 0 0 0 0 1.17 0
20743 1.31 0 0 0 0 0
44 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
20751 0 0 0 -1.53 1.47 MORN
20786 0 1.41 0 0 0 0
20795 0 1.69 0 0 0 CAP
20797 -1.2 0 -1.51 0 0 Methyltransf_11
20810 0 0 0 -1.11 0 FTR1
20812 -1.22 0 -2.05 0 0 0
20814 0 0 0 2.21 0 0
20816 0 0 2.11 0 0 Aminotran_4
20827 -1.94 0 2.27 0 0 TauE;GYF
20829 0 0 1.26 0 0 HPP
20832 0 0 0 -1.27 0 HPP
20833 0 0 0 3.01 0 Methyltransf_16
20837 0 0 2.17 -1.47 0 0
20845 1.27 0 0 0 0 Tic22
20847 -4.37 1.88 0 2.11 -1.94 0
20877 0 0 0 1.66 0 Ubiq_cyt_C_chap;WW
20880 1.49 0 -2.58 0 0 PhoD
20888 -1.36 0 0 0 0 0
20909 0 0 0 0 1.53 0
20930 0 0 0 1.26 0 0
20931 -2.36 0 0 0 -1.62 0
20946 0 0 0 0 2.55 0
20950 0 0 0 1.2 1.68 DAGAT
20953 0 0 0 -1.44 0 Trypsin
20959 1.2 1.95 0 -1.96 0 Myb_DNA-binding
20962 2.17 0 0 0 0 0
20966 0 0 0 0 1.71 CIA30
20972 2.56 0 0 0 0 0
20974 0 0 0 -2.22 0 0
20993 0 0 0 0 1.39 AAA_5;AAA_2;ClpB_D2-small
20998 0 0 0 0 1.59 HOOK
20999 0 -1.8 0 0 0 Cyclin_N
21000 0 -1.16 0 -2.07 1.63 Cyclin_N
21001 0 0 0 -2.21 1.44 Cyclin_N;Cyclin_C
21020 0 2.82 0 0 0 0
21043 -1.1 0 0 0 0 0
21050 0 0 0 1.85 0 NOG1
21059 -1.4 -1.62 -1.47 -1.29 0 0
21061 0 0 0 0 1.83 0
21067 0 0 2.5 0 0 FMN_red
21068 1.92 2.32 0 0 0 0
21076 -1.74 -2.21 5.2 0 1.59 0
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 45
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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21081 -5 -2.86 -6.27 -3.28 0 0
21085 4.31 4.57 0 0 0 0
21087 1.35 0 0 0 0 0
21094 0 0 0 0 -2.22 0
21124 0 0 0 -1.69 0 0
21139 0 0 1.29 0 0 0
21149 0 1.51 1.62 2.64 0 0
21152 0 0 0 0 1.11 zf-C3HC4
21159 0 1.16 0 0 0 Cyclin_N;Cyclin_C
21161 0 0 0 0 1.53 Patched
21170 0 0 0 -1.53 0 0
21177 0 0 1.82 0 0 Biotin_lipoyl;UBX
21193 0 0 0 1.48 0 ubiquitin
21203 0 0 0 -1.55 0 SET
21208 0 0 1.76 -1.72 2.05 0
21213 0 0 0 0 1.63 0
21216 3.01 2.96 0 0 0 0
21224 0 0 3.28 2.45 0 0
21234 1.31 0 0 0 0 0
21237 -1.65 0 0 0 0 TPR_1
21240 0 0 0 0 1.66 0
21250 0 0 -1.89 0 0 0
21255 -1.77 0 0 -1.48 1.22 DUF500
21258 0 0 0 2.43 0 DUF3523;AAA
21279 0 0 0 0 1.52 0
21290 -2.27 0 0 0 0 0
21299 0 0 2.77 0 0 AMP-binding
21300 0 0 -1.81 0 0 Epimerase
21306 -2.17 0 0 0 0 0
21312 0 0 2.93 0 0 0
21342 0 0 0 0 1.53 0
21348 -3.24 0 -3.41 0 0 0
21351 -1.07 0 0 0 0 0
21362 1.08 1.06 1.7 0 0 0
21374 0 0 1.24 1.8 0 Muc_lac_enz
21381 1.88 2.19 0 0 0 0
21386 0 0 0 0 2.47 Aldo_ket_red
21389 -2.5 0 0 -1.42 0 0
21390 -2.48 0 0 0 0 0
21392 1.11 0 0 0 1.11 0
21403 -1.61 0 0 0 0 0
21416 1.7 0 0 0 0 0
46 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
21438 0 0 0 -1.96 0 0
21446 1.42 0 1.3 0 0 0
21449 0 0 0 -1.49 0 0
21472 -5.28 -2.04 -4.24 -2.43 0 Chloroa_b-bind
21477 -2.99 -1.09 -1.56 0 0 0
21480 1.61 0 0 0 0 Choline_transpo
21489 0 0 0 1.3 0 0
21515 0 0 0 0 1.24 0
21517 -1.89 -1.74 -1.65 0 0 Methyltransf_6
21519 0 0 0 2.42 0 0
21587 0 2.88 0 0 0 0
21594 0 0 0 0 1.46 0
21598 0 0 0 0 1.19 Acetyltransf_1
21605 0 1.97 0 0 -1.92 0
21611 0 0 0 -1.37 0 Inhibitor_I29;Peptidase_C1
21612 0 0 0 1.86 0 GARS_A
21613 4.91 2.79 0 0 0 0
21640 0 0 1.73 0 0 Iso_dh
21651 0 0 0 -1.53 0 Abhydrolase_1
21656 2.16 0 0 0 0 0
21661 0 0 0 -3.04 1.57 Pro_isomerase
21663 0 0 0 -1.7 1.29 0
21664 2.43 1.15 0 0 0 0
21665 5.85 0 0 1.56 1.58 0
21666 0 -1.2 0 -1.84 0 0
21680 0 0 0 -1.26 0 0
21683 4.82 4.32 0 0 0 Kringle;peroxidase
21690 0 0 0 -1.86 0 0
21692 -1.94 0 -1.43 0 0 DUF2470
21707 3.2 2.19 0 0 0 0
21720 0 0 1.96 0 1.58 ZZ
21725 0 0 1.62 2.63 0 Brix
21727 1.16 0 0 0 0 DENN;PDZ
21748 -2.45 0 -2.16 0 0 F_bP_aldolase
21753 0 0 1.65 0 0 PGAM
21774 0 0 0 -1.59 0 0
21776 2.4 0 0 0 -1.47 0
21779 1.64 2.06 0 0 0 0
21781 0 0 1.17 2.43 0 0
21784 1.45 1.5 0 0 0 0
21785 -1.37 0 2.65 2.32 0 Pyr_redox_2
21795 3.54 3.54 0 0 0 0
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 47
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21807 0 0 0 -2.27 0 PDZ
21808 0 0 0 -1.36 0 0
21821 -2.49 0 -3.19 0 0 0
21830 0 0 0 0 2.41 WLM
21844 2.32 2.64 0 0 1.84 0
21847 0 0 0 1.62 0 FAD_binding_2
21850 1.96 1.81 0 0 -1.52 Cyclin_N
21855 1.91 0 1.77 1.48 0 PH;DUF1336
21886 0 0 0 1.41 0 0
21896 0 0 0 0 1.48 0
21897 -2.76 0 0 -1.92 2.55 0
21898 -1.62 0 0 0 0 0
21900 0 0 0 1.55 0 FAD_binding_2
21923 0 0 0 0 -1.39 0
21948 -1.29 0 0 0 0 DUF179
21965 0 0 0 0 2.08 Thioredoxin
21966 0 0 1.49 2.5 0 0
21968 3.62 0 0 0 0 0
21979 0 0 1.69 1.7 0 DUF2373
22002 0 0 0 -1.38 0 0
22016 -1.37 0 0 0 0 ABC_membrane;ABC_tran
22025 0 0 0 0 1.31 0
22030 4.4 3.02 0 0 0 Hydrolase
22052 0 0 3.27 0 0 0
22057 1.7 0 0 0 0 0
22064 0 0 0 -2.8 2.39 0
22074 -1.87 -2.93 0 -2.44 0 0
22114 0 0 0 3.86 0 0
22117 -5.04 -1.76 -1.84 -1.24 0 0
22127 0 0 0 -2.18 0 0
22155 0 0 0 0 1.56 K_tetra
22163 0 0 0 1.24 0 0
22166 0 0 0 -1.3 0 0
22171 -1.04 0 0 0 0 Cation_efflux
22187 0 0 0 0 3.04 HSP20
22194 -1.36 -1.59 -1.73 -2.44 0 DUF1995
22197 0 0 0 2.18 0 Aldo_ket_red
22198 -1.33 0 -1.73 2.59 0 0
22199 0 1.43 0 0 0 0
22200 0 0 1.83 2.45 0 DnaJ
22203 0 0 1.93 1.81 0 0
22208 -3.1 -2.45 -2.56 -2.31 0 Aminotran_5
48 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
22213 0 0 1.61 1.72 0 PFK
22214 -2.04 0 -2.64 0 0 0
22215 0 0 0 -1.37 0 CBM_14
22218 0 1.99 0 0 0 0
22220 -3.75 0 0 0 0 0
22223 0 0 0 0 1.85 Serinc
22227 0 0 0 0 1.83 0
22231 0 0 0 -1.67 0 0
22234 0 0 2.1 0 0 PAS
22240 0 0 0 1.71 0 eRF1_1;eRF1_2;eRF1_3
22251 0 0 2.36 0 0 0
22277 1.27 1.02 0 0 0 0
22323 0 0 0 2.3 0 SRP19
22332 3.42 2.22 0 0 1.61 Peptidase_S51
22337 1.56 0 0 1.21 0 0
22339 0 0 0 -1.43 1.28 DnaJ;U-box
22345 0 0 6.21 4.07 0 PK;PK_C
22349 0 1.31 0 0 0 0
22356 0 0 0 1.3 0 TruD
22368 0 0 0 1.36 1.96 ArsA_ATPase;ParA
22378 0 0 0 1.33 0 0
22379 0 0 0 2.64 0 0
22396 -2.21 -1.04 -1.66 0 0 0
22404 0 0 0 1.56 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
22413 -1.54 -1.16 0 -1.25 0 0
22428 0 1.44 0 0 0 0
22429 0 0 0 3.09 0 0
22430 0 0 1.23 0 0 SOUL
22454 -1.77 -2.05 1.9 0 0 HSF_DNA-bind
22455 0 0 0 -1.97 0 0
22462 0 0 1.45 1.27 0 FtsJ
22481 0 0 0 0 1.89 0
22483 0 0 1.42 0 0 0
22486 0 1.87 0 0 0 0
22490 0 0 0 0 1.5 DOMON;Cytochrom_B561
22495 1.32 2.23 0 2.05 1.47 Cyclin_N
22522 0 1.9 0 0 0 0
22526 -1.3 0 0 0 0 ABC_membrane;ABC_tran;DUF1602
22527 -1.48 0 -1.55 0 0 NAD_binding_1
22566 0 0 1.75 0 0 0
22582 0 0 0 1.28 0 S1
22610 0 0 0 1.05 0 Ribosomal_L4;NAC;CIA30
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 49
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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22635 0 0 0 1.94 0 Nop;CSD;NOP5NT;NOSIC;IF3_N;IF3_C;Pet1
91_N
22640 0 0 3.17 0 0 0
22643 0 1.07 0 0 0 0
22645 1.3 0 0 0 0 0
22656 0 0 0 0 1.27 TatD_DNase
22658 1.52 0 0 0 0 DUF1800;DUF1501
22670 0 0 2.61 0 0 0
22671 0 0 2.83 0 0 FAD_binding_3
22683 0 0 0 -1.38 0 0
22701 -4.01 0 0 0 0 0
22702 -1.85 0 1.37 0 0 0
22712 0 0 0 2.08 0 Fer2
22714 0 0 -1.35 0 0 0
22721 0 0 2.07 0 0 0
22725 0 0 0 1.25 0 SAP
22731 0 0 1.69 0 0 zf-C3HC4
22734 -3.31 0 0 0 -1.8 0
22748 -2.19 -1.44 0 0 0 0
22752 0 0 1.42 0 0 0
22772 0 1.68 0 0 0 0
22781 2.29 1.99 0 0 0 0
22783 0 0 0 0 1.62 CRCB
22794 0 0 -1.73 0 0 TRAM_LAG1_CLN8
22795 0 0 2.43 -1.55 0 0
22796 0 0 0 0 1.33 UBA;PUB
22855 0 0 0 -2.15 0 0
22860 -2.03 0 0 0 0 0
22861 0 0 1.54 1.76 0 0
22863 0 0 -1.89 1.34 0 Peptidase_M16;Peptidase_M16_C;M16C_asso
c
22864 0 0 0 -1.54 0 DAO;GCV_T;GCV_T_C
22867 -1.44 0 0 0 0 0
22876 0 0 0 1 0 0
22877 0 0 0 -1.4 0 MgtC
22879 0 0 0 1.55 0 0
22880 0 0 0 -1.88 0 Fasciclin
22891 -1.74 0 0 0 0 0
22941 -3.88 -3.92 0 -4.33 0 peroxidase
22984 2.01 1.55 0 0 0 Gelsolin
22985 0 0 0 1.84 0 NLE;WD40
22993 2.87 3 0 0 0 GARS_A
23036 0 1.82 0 0 0 0
50 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
23040 0 1.68 1.73 0 0 DUF1800;DUF1501
23071 1.65 0 0 0 0 0
23143 4.36 2.21 0 2.8 0 Cyclin_N
23159 1.3 0 0 0 0 0
23160 2.86 2.37 4.13 0 0 0
23209 0 0 0 1.27 0 0
23224 0 1.52 1.57 1.98 0 0
23225 0 0 0 0 -1.67 0
23232 0 0 0 2.41 0 0
23245 0 0 1.45 1.6 0 0
23246 0 0 0 3.02 0 0
23253 -2.99 0 0 0 0 0
23264 0 1.56 1.39 0 0 0
23272 0 0 0 0 1.39 Adap_comp_sub
23292 0 0 0 2.39 0 FA_desaturase
23295 -2.07 0 0 -4.34 0 Trp_Tyr_perm
23296 0 0 1.53 0 0 0
23303 0 -1.3 0 0 0 0
23308 -1.02 0 0 -1.12 1.36 0
23329 0 0 0 1.4 0 Cpn60_TCP1
23354 0 0 0 2.26 0 CPL
23357 0 0 -1.56 1.61 0 Hydrolase
23359 0 0 0 -1.32 0 0
23363 0 -3.54 -4.44 -5.52 0 0
23369 0 1.6 0 0 2.48 0
23374 0 0 0 -2.64 2.26 0
23377 0 0 1.63 0 0 VWA
23390 -1.5 0 0 0 0 0
23391 0 0 1.45 -1.66 0 Ammonium_transp;Cyt-b5;FA_desaturase
23393 0 0 0 1.66 0 0
23396 2.23 1.39 0 -1.18 0 0
23399 -1.86 0 0 0 0 efhand
23409 0 0 0 0 1.01 0
23416 1.01 1.45 0 0 0 0
23431 0 0 0 -1.88 1.7 0
23446 0 0 0 -1.87 1.79 0
23466 0 0 1.15 0 0 0
23481 -1.18 0 0 0 0 Sulfotransfer_1
23486 0 0 0 0 3.16 0
23503 0 0 1.23 -1.1 0 Ank
23504 3.79 1.37 0 0 0 0
23505 2.86 1.79 0 0 0 0
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 51
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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23509 0 1.64 0 0 0 0
23510 2.87 3.49 0 0 0 0
23511 0 1.51 0 0 0 0
23519 0 0 0 -1.6 0 PAH;HDAC_interact;Pkinase
23526 1.44 0 0 0 0 Glyoxalase
23527 0 0 0 1.66 0 Prefoldin_2
23528 0 0 -1.36 0 0 Ras
23543 0 0 0 -1.43 2.04 0
23565 0 0 0 -1.04 0 0
23603 -1.03 0 0 0 0 0
23607 0 0 -1.72 0 0 TRAM_LAG1_CLN8
23620 -1.25 0 -1.73 -1.88 5.16 0
23623 -2.08 -1.79 4.82 0 0 0
23624 2.19 2.11 0 0 0 CAP
23653 0 0 0 0 1.71 Cyclin_N
23654 0 -1.27 0 0 0 0
23655 0 0 0 1.66 0 MAM33
23657 -1.98 0 0 0 0 Globin
23662 0 0 0 -1.87 3.05 Trypsin
23665 -1.99 0 0 0 0 HSF_DNA-bind
23669 0 0 0 0 1.4 0
23671 1.6 0 0 0 0 0
23684 -1.94 0 0 0 1.21 0
23685 -1.94 0 0 0 1.21 0
23700 0 0 0 -1.49 0 0
23701 0 -1.35 0 -2.28 0 0
23716 0 0 1.62 0 0 0
23719 1.79 1.99 0 0 0 0
23720 2.17 2.81 0 0 0 0
23757 -1.16 0 0 0 0 0
23771 -2.9 0 0 0 1.95 0
23794 -1.13 -1.23 0 -1.99 1.21 0
23796 1.69 0 0 0 1.66 0
23798 0 0 0 2.89 0 FA_desaturase
23801 -2.01 0 1.36 0 0 HSF_DNA-bind
23811 0 0 0 3.89 0 ABC_tran
23813 0 1.57 -1.56 0 0 Kazal_1
23814 0 1.73 -1.56 0 0 Kazal_1
23821 0 -1.54 0 -2.45 0 0
23827 0 0 0 -2.48 0 0
23850 -1.48 0 0 0 0 WD40
23857 0 1.78 0 0 1.67 Thioredoxin;PUB
52 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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23861 2.46 2.72 0 0 0 0
23862 1.14 0 0 0 0 0
23867 0 0 2.18 -3.78 0 PCMT
23872 0 0 1.79 3.6 0 GLTP
23881 -1.22 0 0 0 0 0
23888 0 0 0 -2.29 0 0
23899 0 0 0 0 1.23 0
23918 -3.89 0 -4.57 0 0 0
23927 1.75 1.9 0 -2.7 2.77 Smr
23929 0 0 0 1.94 0 0
23932 1.92 2.1 0 0 0 0
23933 0 0 0 -1.31 0 0
23934 -2.28 -2.05 0 0 2.43 0
23937 0 0 0 -1.36 0 0
23947 0 0 0 -1.23 0 0
23976 2.23 2.75 0 0 0 SBF
23986 2.09 1.84 0 -1.95 4.92 0
23993 -1.63 -1.77 0 0 1.75 0
24000 0 0 0 0 1.43 uDENN
24008 0 1.55 0 0 0 0
24011 0 0 0 -1.33 0 0
24016 0 0 0 1.31 0 Ebp2
24017 2.37 0 0 0 0 0
24023 1.73 0 0 0 0 HA
24028 2.63 1.68 0 0 0 0
24039 2.6 1.82 0 0 0 0
24046 0 0 0 0 2.45 0
24056 -1.16 0 0 0 0 Pkinase
24060 -2.29 0 0 0 0 GFO_IDH_MocA
24072 0 0 0 1.33 0 0
24074 0 0 0 0 1.35 0
24077 0 0 0 -1.47 0 0
24099 -1.13 0 -1.55 0 0 0
24112 0 0 0 0 1.32 HSF_DNA-bind
24126 0 0 0 1.59 0 Sld5
24134 0 0 0 -1.73 1.73 0
24149 0 0 0 1.96 2.33 0
24153 2.05 0 0 0 0 0
24160 -3.58 0 0 0 -1.97 0
24163 0 0 -2.17 0 0 tRNA-synt_2d;FDX-ACB
24164 4.12 2.01 0 2.18 1.98 0
24165 1.25 0 0 0 0 0
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 53
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24172 0 0 0 1.75 0 0
24198 0 0 0 -3.44 3.96 0
24199 0 0 0 0 1.8 0
24205 0 0 0 0 1.21 0
24217 0 0 1.87 1.83 0 CS;SAP
24224 -1.37 0 0 0 0 0
24225 -1.72 0 0 0 0 ClpS
24248 -3.79 -2.97 -2.46 -2.59 0 GATase;CPSase_L_chain;CPSase_L_D2;CPSa
se_L_D3;MGS;CPSase_sm_chain
24257 0 0 0 -1.93 0 0
24261 0 0 1.68 1.87 0 0
24292 1.35 0 0 0 0 zf-CCCH
24303 1.47 1.35 0 1.16 0 DUF647
24307 2.59 2.5 0 -2.08 0 0
24309 0 0 -2.43 0 0 PsbP
24319 1.26 0 0 1.36 0 0
24325 0 0 0 -3.38 0 Cna_B
24341 0 0 0 1.4 0 DnaJ
24346 0 0 0 1.24 0 0
24361 0 0 1.01 0 0 0
24362 0 0 1.58 0 0 0
24369 0 0 0 1.88 0 RRM_1
24376 -1.38 0 0 0 2.44 C2;TerD
24379 0 0 2.84 1.56 0 0
24385 4.18 3.61 -2.22 2.09 2.22 0
24396 0 0 1.33 2.04 0 HSF_DNA-bind
24428 0 1.17 0 0 0 0
24441 2.1 2.17 0 0 1.65 0
24443 0 2.21 0 0 0 0
24445 1.24 0 0 0 0 0
24448 0 0 1.78 0 0 0
24456 0 0 0 0 1.69 0
24486 0 0 0 0 1.29 0
24500 0 0 0 -3.45 2.54 0
24507 0 0 0 1.49 0 0
24511 0 0 0 0 1.45 0
24512 -2.79 0 -3.01 0 0 0
24521 0 0 0 -2.31 2.16 GATase_2;SIS
24534 0 -2.24 1.86 -3.17 0 0
24535 -2.23 0 0 0 0 ADH_N
24557 -1.17 -1.47 0 -1.88 0 0
24559 -1.58 -1.87 0 0 0 0
54 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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24564 -2.68 -2.99 0 -2.28 0 0
24566 -2.22 -1.94 0 -1.97 -2.37 0
24569 -1.86 0 0 0 0 0
24571 -2.02 -1.97 0 -1.55 0 0
24575 0 0 0 -1.23 0 Guanylate_cyc
24597 0 0 0 1.45 0 0
24599 0 0 0 0 2.12 0
24602 1.76 0 0 0 0 0
24606 0 -1.5 0 0 1.91 0
24649 -2.78 0 0 0 -2.33 0
24655 0 0 1.41 0 0 0
24657 1.4 0 0 0 0 0
24659 0 0 0 -1.47 2 3_5_exonuc;KH_1
24669 -4.43 -2.26 -4.11 0 0 0
24677 0 -1.84 0 -2.13 1.51 Smr
24680 1.48 1.28 0 0 0 Sulfotransfer_2
24694 0 0 -1.12 -1.94 0 DUF1800;DUF1501
24699 -2.01 0 0 0 0 0
24700 -1.73 0 -2.1 0 0 PMSR
24704 0 0 1.52 -1.63 0 0
24718 0 0 0 1.63 0 ABC1
24726 3.38 2.48 0 0 0 0
24738 0 0 0 0 1.53 0
24760 4.72 3.56 0 -4.01 2.54 0
24761 5.16 3.58 0 -4.04 2.57 0
24769 -4.51 -1.02 -4.87 -1.7 0 0
24770 0 0 -1.14 0 0 DUF498
24812 0 0 0 2.26 0 GFO_IDH_MocA
24816 0 1.63 0 2.32 -2.26 AsnA
24818 4.19 4.03 0 0 0 0
24849 0 0 1.41 0 0 Exonuc_X-T
24850 0 0 0 1.21 0 0
24858 6.34 5.13 0 2.23 0 0
24862 0 0 0 -1.74 0 0
24882 -1.89 0 -1.43 -1.83 0 0
24900 1.84 1.6 0 0 0 0
24904 0 0 1.18 2.33 0 Fcf1
24910 0 0 0 0 1.99 0
24918 2.73 1.04 0 0 0 0
24923 0 0 5.21 0 0 0
24932 0 0 -1.06 0 0 Thioredoxin
24935 -2.11 0 0 -1.77 0 0
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 55
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24961 0 0 0 0 1.84 Kelch_1
24962 0 0 0 0 1.4 0
24963 2.12 2.51 0 0 0 0
24977 0 0 2.05 0 0 TRAUB
24980 1.21 1.23 0 1.51 0 0
24999 -1.76 -1.33 3.53 -2.63 0 0
25012 0 -1.33 0 1.15 0 MAPEG
25041 -1.31 0 0 0 0 TPR_1
25058 -4.81 -4.09 0 -3.73 -3.21 0
25059 0 0 0 2.6 0 0
25060 -4.54 -4.91 0 -4.19 -3.17 0
25061 -4.41 -4.24 0 -4.32 -3.84 0
25064 0 0 0 1.91 0 0
25069 0 0 0 0 1.97 0
25075 0 0 0 1.74 0 0
25092 0 0 0 0 1.8 0
25100 0 0 0 2.22 0 PAP_fibrillin
25104 -1.89 0 0 1.65 -2.35 0
25107 0 0 0 -1.36 2.17 U-box
25115 1.17 0 0 0 0 0
25116 -2.01 0 -1.38 0 0 PGK
25123 0 0 1.34 0 0 0
25127 0 0 0 0 2.05 DUF1625
25130 0 0 0 2.45 0 2-Hacid_dh_C
25156 0 1.23 -1.66 0 2.08 0
25157 0 0 0 -1.38 1.79 0
25159 0 0 2.35 2.32 0 0
25161 0 0 1.48 0 0 0
25164 0 0 0 -2.56 0 0
25171 -1.49 0 0 0 1.85 DUF1517
25183 0 0 0 1.44 0 0
25190 0 0 0 -1.29 0 0
25193 -1.92 0 0 0 0 0
25202 1.75 0 0 0 0 0
25205 4.16 2.58 0 0 0 Beta_propel
25206 0 0 0 0 2.78 0
25207 0 0 0 0 2.07 0
25217 0 0 0 -1.69 0 0
25231 0 0 0 0 2.01 Acetyltransf_1
25235 0 0 0 0 -1.19 0
25243 0 1.9 1.54 1.77 0 0
25246 1.45 0 0 0 0 RRM_1
56 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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25264 0 0 0 -2 0 0
25277 0 0 0 1.92 0 0
25280 6.74 5.45 0 0 2.02 0
25290 2.11 1.72 0 0 0 0
25295 0 0 0 1.51 0 0
25299 -2.05 0 0 0 0 Oxidored_molyb;Mo-co_dimer;Cyt-
b5;FAD_binding_6;NAD_binding_1;Glyco_hy
dro_38C
25306 0 0 0 -1.45 0 0
25335 0 0 0 0 1.62 0
25337 -2.34 -2.54 0 -3.62 -3.18 RCC1
25347 -1.15 -1.51 0 0 0 0
25353 0 0 0 0 1.83 0
25355 0 0 0 1.33 0 Plug_translocon;SecY
25357 6.02 5.39 0 0 0 0
25372 1.51 1.92 0 0 0 0
25381 1.79 1.34 0 0 0 0
25382 0 1.35 0 0 0 Glyco_transf_10
25386 0 0 0 0 2.33 0
25387 -1.5 0 0 0 0 0
25389 0 0 4.43 0 0 0
25393 -1.67 0 0 0 0 0
25396 0 0 0 0 1.2 0
25398 1.44 0 0 0 0 0
25414 4.03 2.91 0 0 2.65 0
25415 0 0 0 -1.62 1.67 0
25428 0 0 0 -1.89 0 0
25430 0 0 0 -1.84 0 0
25432 1.72 2.38 0 0 0 0
25439 -2.96 -2.43 0 -1.66 0 0
25463 0 0 0 0 1.76 0
25464 -2.45 0 0 0 -1.7 0
25528 0 0 0 1.62 -1.77 0
25544 0 0 -1.21 0 0 0
25548 1.2 0 0 0 0 0
25551 0 -1.37 0 0 0 0
25560 -2.62 -1.78 -2 0 0 PseudoU_synth_2
25572 0 0 2.45 0 0 Acetyltransf_1;CoA_binding
25582 3.17 0 0 0 1.96 RRM_1
25590 0 0 0 -1.97 2.02 0
25594 0 -1.4 0 0 0 0
25604 0 0 0 1.52 0 0
25610 -1.22 0 -1.87 0 0 Fasciclin;Methyltransf_11
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 57
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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25613 0 0 0 -2.72 0 FAT
25623 1.62 0 0 0 0 0
25626 0 1.44 0 0 0 0
25629 0 0 0 1.77 0 GTP_EFTU;GTP_EFTU_D2;EFG_IV;EFG_C
25635 0 0 0 0 2.33 0
25637 1.42 2 0 0 1.45 0
25639 0 0 0 0 1.75 Choline_kinase
25649 1.35 2.26 0 0 0 0
25650 0 0 1.01 0 0 0
25659 -1.57 0 1.9 -1.71 1.46 0
25692 -1.45 0 0 0 0 0
25698 0 0 0 1.74 0 IFRD
25713 3.54 3.69 0 0 0 0
25739 1.3 0 0 0 0 VWA
25742 1.68 1.02 0 0 0 0
25746 0 0 0 1.6 0 DUF2039
25750 0 0 0 0 1.59 0
25766 0 0 0 1.65 0 0
25775 1.42 0 0 0 0 zf-C3HC4
25783 1.2 2.09 0 0 0 0
25797 0 0 0 2.58 0 0
25805 2.6 3.05 0 1.47 0 0
25807 -3.59 0 0 0 0 0
25814 1.4 0 0 0 0 0
25839 0 0 -1.33 0 0 0
25840 -5.65 -3.03 -1.33 -4.98 0 CdCA1
25843 0 0 0 0 1.75 0
25848 -1.42 0 -1.28 -1.59 2.27 0
25898 -4.03 0 0 0 0 0
25904 4.55 3.82 0 0 2.76 0
25905 1.26 0 0 0 0 DUF23
25908 1.47 0 0 0 0 0
25909 0 0 1.57 0 2.06 0
25912 -1.9 0 0 0 0 0
25917 0 0 0 0 -1.98 0
25921 -5.64 0 0 0 0 0
25949 0 0 0 1.14 0 Ribosomal_L5;Ribosomal_L5_C
26022 0 0 2.48 2.05 0 Pam16
26031 0 0 0 2.12 0 SHMT
26041 6.18 6.58 0 0 0 Chitin_bind_1
26131 -4.22 -1.84 -2.16 0 0 CytB6-F_Fe-S;Rieske
26137 0 0 0 1.21 0 Ribosomal_L6
58 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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26190 0 0 0 1.63 0 UCH;SHMT
26365 2.18 0 0 -3.32 0 ECH;3HCDH_N
26366 0 0 3.3 2.84 0 Mito_carr
26418 0 0 0 1.34 0 Peptidase_S24
26470 0 0 0 0 1.47 Epimerase
26473 1.91 1.68 0 0 0 Metallophos
26492 0 0 0 1.37 0 GARS_N;GARS_A;GARS_C;Formyl_trans_N
;AIRS;AIRS_C
26530 0 0 -1.95 0 0 Cation_efflux
26548 -3.82 -2.26 -3.88 -3.02 0 GFO_IDH_MocA;GFO_IDH_MocA_C
26678 0 0 0 1.79 0 Transketolase_N;Transket_pyr;Transketolase_
C
26686 0 0 0 1.61 0 WD40
26759 -1.58 0 0 0 -1.22 adh_short
26991 -1.83 0 0 0 0 Glutaredoxin
27083 0 0 0 1.62 0 PCI;eIF3_N
27273 -2.43 0 -2.3 1.69 0 MTHFR
27292 0 0 0 1.27 0 RS4NT;Ribosomal_S4e
27414 -3.05 0 0 -2.03 0 MFS_1
27550 0 1.18 2.02 2.29 0 THF_DHG_CYH;THF_DHG_CYH_C;cNMP
_binding
27776 0 0 0 0 1.1 Amidohydro_1
27836 0 0 0 -2.17 0 Chitin_synth_2
27850 0 0 2.99 0 0 PGAM
28028 0 0 -1.54 0 0 PCI
28300 0 0 1.86 0 0 RrnaAD
28326 0 -1.6 -1.64 0 0 LYTB
28350 0 0 0 2.4 -1.26 PGAM
28521 -1.72 0 -2.66 0 0 GCV_H
28544 0 1.65 1.48 4.03 0 DapB_N;DapB_C
28570 0 0 0 2.77 0 Ribosomal_L7Ae
28682 0 0 0 1.57 0 Cpn60_TCP1
28755 0 0 2 2.57 0 Ribosomal_S8e
28825 3.93 4.53 0 0 0 Cyt-b5;Chitin_synth_2
28842 1.22 0 0 0 0 Thioredoxin
28865 0 0 0 1.36 0 ABC1;APH
28920 0 0 0 -3.2 2.42 Pkinase
28998 0 0 0 1.71 1.68 Aldo_ket_red
29008 0 0 0 1.26 0 AA_kinase;NAD_binding_3;Homoserine_dh
29049 0 0 0 2.65 0 IF-2;IF2_N;GTP_EFTU
29183 0 0 0 1.45 0 HMGL-like;LeuA_dimer
29244 -1.23 0 0 0 0 Pro_isomerase
29314 -1.99 0 -2.04 0 0 Peptidase_M17
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 59
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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29506 0 0 0 0 1.14 Cpn10
29771 3.16 2.68 1.86 0 0 PI3_PI4_kinase;DUF3385;FAT;Rapamycin_bi
nd;FATC
29782 0 0 0 0 1.46 eIF-6
30385 -4.26 -1.45 -5.35 -3.14 0 Chloroa_b-bind
30851 0 0 -2.68 0 0 AAA;AAA_2;ClpB_D2-small;DUF3170
30862 0 0 0 2.92 0 zf-CCHC
30871 0 0 2.36 2.91 0 Ham1p_like
30887 0 0 1.6 0 0 Cyt-b5
30939 -1.66 0 0 2.94 0 eIF-1a
30976 -2.39 0 -2.06 0 0 FKBP_C
30977 0 0 0 2.15 0 Pep_deformylase
30979 0 0 0 1.41 0 HIT
31001 1.46 0 0 0 0 Glycos_trans_3N;Glycos_transf_3;PYNP_C
31006 -1.45 0 0 0 0 Ribosomal_S30AE
31011 0 0 0 -1.61 0 Mito_carr
31035 0 0 0 2.05 0 Trypsin
31037 0 0 0 3.15 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
31047 0 0 0 2.13 0 Brix
31085 2.74 3.15 0 0 0 Aa_trans
31108 0 0 0 -1.69 0 Glyco_transf_20;Trehalose_PPase
31125 0 0 0 1.88 0 adh_short
31128 -4.22 -4.03 -4.35 0 0 Chloroa_b-bind
31166 0 2.11 0 0 0 AdoMet_dc
31169 -2.09 0 0 -1.6 0 AhpC-TSA
31216 0 0 -1.27 0 0 Aminotran_1_2
31226 1.24 0 0 0 0 Sugar_tr
31232 0 0 1.96 0 0 PFK
31259 0 0 0 1.75 0 HA
31266 0 0 1.73 0 0 NUDIX
31362 -1.26 0 0 0 0 ATP-grasp_2;Ligase_CoA
31394 0 0 -2.24 1.6 0 Aminotran_1_2
31402 0 0 -1.74 1.52 0 DUF3007
31406 1.21 0 1.34 0 0 Arf
31412 0 0 0 1.47 0 THF_DHG_CYH_C
31415 0 0 0 1.35 0 Cons_hypoth95
31447 0 0 0 1.63 0 Mito_carr
31451 0 0 0 1.55 0 Ribosomal_L18e
31465 0 0 0 2.52 0 Brix
31535 -1.74 0 0 0 0 FKBP_C;Pro_isomerase
31564 0 0 -1.24 0 0 LSM
31569 -2.09 0 0 0 0 Tubulin;Tubulin_C
60 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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31635 0 0 0 3.59 0 TPT
31636 -1.91 -2.2 -1.57 0 0 Aldose_epim
31673 0 0 -1.46 0 0 Radical_SAM
31732 0 0 0 -1.78 0 Ank
31749 -6.62 -3.19 -7.08 -5.07 0 Chloroa_b-bind
31771 0 0 0 1.08 0 ABC1
31783 2.48 2.75 0 0 0 PrmA
31818 0 0 3.08 0 0 Mito_carr
31819 0 0 0 1.71 0 DUF2419
31923 0 0 0 1.37 0 0
31930 -1.39 0 -1.63 1.51 0 AAA;Peptidase_M41
31938 0 0 0 2.01 0 PUF
31951 -1.69 0 0 0 0 Cation_efflux
31979 0 0 0 1.05 0 HhH-GPD
31983 -2.41 -1.92 -2.72 -2.38 0 Chloroa_b-bind
32003 1.49 0 0 0 1.54 Lipase_GDSL
32029 0 0 0 -1.63 0 Methyltransf_11;Sterol_MT_C
32053 0 0 -1.51 0 0 WHEP-TRS;tRNA-
synt_2b;HGTP_anticodon;ProRS-C_1
32066 -1.11 0 0 1.87 0 Mito_carr
32067 0 0 1.67 -1.88 0 Transket_pyr;Transketolase_C
32137 0 0 0 2.22 0 Hydrolase
32140 0 0 0 2.73 0 DHDPS
32145 -2.75 0 -1.6 1.85 0 Lipid_DES;FA_desaturase
32153 -1.1 0 -1.57 2.31 0 0
32158 0 0 1.83 1.27 0 NOC3p;CBF
32176 0 0 0 0 1.06 MAP1_LC3
32216 0 0 0 1.35 0 Ribosomal_S5;Ribosomal_S5_C
32223 -1.27 0 -1.5 0 0 Ras
32252 0 0 0 1.46 0 Rib_5-P_isom_A
32261 -2.15 0 -1.9 0 0 DUF2237
32325 0 0 0 1.38 0 ABC_membrane;ABC_tran;DUF1602
32332 -3.45 -2.57 -2.85 1.85 0 Rib_5-P_isom_A
32374 0 0 0 1.44 0 0
32430 1.59 0 0 0 0 DUF1336
32431 -1.53 -1.4 -1.06 0 0 Fe_bilin_red
32459 -1.72 0 1.61 0 0 PspA_IM30
32485 0 0 0 -1.62 0 Pro_dh
32493 0 0 2.42 -1.52 0 Aldo_ket_red
32557 -2.73 0 0 0 0 zf-C3HC4
32577 0 0 0 0 1.43 Semialdhyde_dh;Semialdhyde_dhC
32596 0 1.56 0 0 0 Trypsin
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 61
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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32610 0 0 0 0 1.42 EamA
32678 1.76 1.83 0 0 0 Archease
32723 -4.08 -1.84 -4.11 -4.05 0 Chloroa_b-bind
32736 0 0 0 0 2.02 DEAD;Helicase_C
32738 4.38 4.08 0 -1.83 0 Pkinase
32795 0 0 0 1.23 0 Arf
32807 0 0 0 2.07 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
32827 0 0 0 1.25 0 Metallophos
32860 -1.18 0 -1.69 3.26 0 0
32874 -2.36 0 -2.02 -1.7 0 Sod_Fe_N;Sod_Fe_C
32964 -6.19 -2.6 -5.39 -1.95 -1.2 PsbM
32971 0 0 0 -1.86 0 Trypsin
33000 -3.48 -1.99 -3.07 0 0 FTHFS
33021 0 0 0 4.2 0 FBPase
33024 0 0 0 -2.37 0 Isochorismatase
33035 0 0 -1.43 0 0 YGGT
33044 0 0 0 1.5 0 WHEP-TRS;tRNA_anti;tRNA-synt_2
33067 -1.51 0 0 0 0 CBFD_NFYB_HMF
33131 -6.1 -2.94 -6.52 -5.2 0 Chloroa_b-bind
33169 0 0 0 2.52 0 Mpv17_PMP22
33219 0 0 0 3.11 0 Sdh5
33220 0 0 0 2.86 2.56 PMSR
33241 0 0 0 1.12 0 Ribosomal_L22
33270 -2.45 0 0 1.25 0 Histone
33316 0 0 -1.37 0 1.44 Epimerase
33330 0 0 0 1.65 0 Glycos_transf_2
33340 -1.63 0 0 0 0 bZIP_1;PAS
33343 -1.53 0 0 0 0 NAD_binding_2;6PGD
33407 -1.34 0 0 0 0 bZIP_2;PAS
33476 0 0 0 2.45 0 Diphthamide_syn
33558 0 0 0 1.42 0 SecA_DEAD;SecA_SW
33578 -1.13 0 0 0 0 Ras
33580 0 0 1.49 0 0 ABC_membrane;ABC_tran
33589 0 0 0 2.4 0 Brix
33606 -5.58 -2.25 -5.52 -5.05 0 Chloroa_b-bind
33653 0 2.35 0 2.51 0 GrpE
33663 -1.47 0 -1.06 0 0 PGI
33680 0 2.29 0 0 0 HMG-CoA_red
33701 -3.21 -1.73 -3.18 0 0 0
33718 0 0 1.73 3.25 0 Methyltransf_4
33772 2.26 2.43 0 0 0 Pkinase
33855 0 0 -2.38 0 0 FKBP_C
62 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
33883 -1.69 0 0 0 -2.03 Cyclin_N;Cyclin_C
33891 -2.42 -1.43 -1.72 0 0 Sigma70_r2;Sigma70_r3;Sigma70_r4
33911 0 0 0 3.2 0 Steroid_dh
33937 0 0 0 1.98 0 FAD_binding_6;NAD_binding_1
33941 0 0 0 2.56 0 Mito_carr
33973 0 0 0 -1.17 0 DUF3336;Patatin
33979 -1.72 0 0 0 -1.53 Pkinase;POLO_box
33985 0 0 0 1.28 0 PseudoU_synth_1
33995 0 0 0 1.71 0 DUF1077
34006 0 0 0 1.84 0 Nol1_Nop2_Fmu
34030 -2.64 0 -2.46 0 0 malic;Malic_M
34044 0 0 0 1.96 0 Peptidase_M24
34094 0 0 -2.44 -2.92 2.32 0
34104 0 0 0 2.37 0 FKBP_C
34125 -7.14 -6.86 -8.58 -6.92 0 0
34170 0 0 0 1.52 0 Peptidase_M18
34191 1.12 1.04 0 0 0 CobN-Mg_chel
34210 -3.81 0 0 0 0 Histone
34211 -2 0 0 -1.9 1.85 Cytochrom_C
34276 -6.26 -2.41 -6.38 -4.6 0 Chloroa_b-bind
34280 0 0 0 -1.31 2.24 0
34283 0 0 0 1.95 0 adh_short
34340 0 0 0 1.42 0 0
34357 0 0 0 1.85 0 Fcf2
34379 0 0 -1.23 0 -1.13 NIF
34447 0 0 0 1.1 0 Cyt-b5
34543 -2.6 0 -2.79 0 0 PEPcase
34551 0 0 -2.46 0 0 60KD_IMP
34554 0 0 0 3.49 0 Psb28
34559 0 0 0 1.16 0 Pkinase
34592 1.48 0 2.18 2.28 0 FAD_binding_6;NAD_binding_1
34681 0 0 -1.59 2.16 0 FabA
34738 0 0 0 0 1.81 0
34746 0 0 1.5 0 0 Abhydrolase_2
34771 0 0 0 1.74 0 Formyl_trans_N;Formyl_trans_C
34809 2.7 0 0 0 0 Thiolase_N;Thiolase_C
34878 1.93 0 0 0 0 Abhydrolase_1
34881 0 0 0 1.66 0 Pescadillo_N;BRCT
35041 0 0 2.4 1.86 0 0
35094 0 0 2.94 0 0 2-Hacid_dh_C;Aldolase_II
35189 1.8 0 0 0 0 DNA_pol_B_exo
35206 0 0 1.82 0 0 LRR_1
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 63
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35310 -1.74 1.43 0 0 -1.6 Kinesin
35407 -1.74 0 0 1.39 0 Histone
35409 0 0 -2.51 0 0 peroxidase
35464 -1.31 0 0 0 0 SAP;HhH-GPD
35499 0 0 0 -1.45 0 SMC_N;SMC_hinge
35523 0 0 -1.18 -1.6 0 ICL
35532 0 0 -1.11 -1.46 0 Epimerase
35639 0 0 0 3.22 0 Abhydrolase_1
35685 0 0 1.82 0 1.68 CS
35710 1.56 0 0 0 0 Acyl-CoA_dh_N;Acyl-CoA_dh_M;Acyl-
CoA_dh_1
35740 0 0 0 1.93 0 adh_short
35871 -2.96 -1.93 -2.48 0 0 2-Hacid_dh_C
35878 -1.96 0 -1.47 0 0 PGM_PMM_I;PGM_PMM_II;PGM_PMM_III
35911 0 0 0 2.34 0 Methyltrans_SAM
35963 1.63 1.36 1.73 0 0 Ureidogly_hydro;Polysacc_deac_1;Isochorism
atase
35968 -3.03 0 -1.3 1.64 -1.58 0
36015 0 0 3.33 0 0 Mpv17_PMP22
36053 0 0 0 1.45 0 Ank;Pkinase;Pkinase_Tyr
36078 0 0 -1.75 0 0 Redoxin
36081 -5.96 -2.32 -4.98 -5.35 0 Chloroa_b-bind
36186 0 0 0 1.99 0 DUF143
36208 -2.71 -1.62 -1.53 -1.44 0 GCV_T;GCV_T_C
36263 0 1.32 0 0 0 Ammonium_transp
36291 0 0 2.12 0 0 Biotin_lipoyl;E3_binding;2-oxoacid_dh
36297 0 0 0 -2 0 Asp
36322 0 0 0 2.41 0 tRNA_U5-meth_tr
36339 0 0 1.22 0 0 tRNA-synt_1;Anticodon_1
36406 0 0 2.28 1.73 0 Ribosomal_L30
36420 0 2.23 0 0 0 HATPase_c;DNA_gyraseB;DNA_topoisoIV
36431 0 0 -1.25 0 0 Pro_isomerase
36434 0 0 0 1.87 0 DUF1253
36456 0 0 0 1.94 0 eIF-5_eIF-2B
36462 -4.11 0 -4.06 0 0 TIM
36477 1.06 0 0 0 0 ABC_tran;ABC2_membrane;DUF1602
36522 0 1.62 0 0 0 HATPase_c;DNA_gyraseB;DNA_topoisoIV
36527 0 0 0 1.91 0 Methyltransf_11
36539 0 0 1.65 0 0 Trm112p
36557 0 0 0 3.61 0 PAP_fibrillin
36572 0 0 0 -1 0 GFO_IDH_MocA
36576 0 0 0 2.65 0 GTP_EFTU;GTP_EFTU_D2;EFG_C
36679 0 1.1 0 2.94 0 ICMT
64 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
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36689 0 0 1.87 0 1.13 PFL;Gly_radical
36702 0 0 1.42 0 1.06 PFL;Gly_radical
36709 0 0 -1.25 2.99 0 Epimerase
36716 0 0 2.37 0 0 Pyr_redox_2;Pyr_redox_dim
36788 -1.8 0 0 0 0 NAD_binding_5
36837 0 0 0 -1.71 0 ABC_membrane;ABC_tran;DUF1602
36917 0 0 0 1.36 0 TGT
36929 0 0 0 1.86 0 KH_1
36958 1.83 0 0 0 0 Pkinase_Tyr
36995 0 0 0 0 1.26 0
37071 0 1.64 1.81 3.1 0 OMPdecase;Pribosyltran
37098 0 0 1.7 1.77 0 Pterin_4a
37127 -2.07 1.16 0 0 -1.42 Glyco_hydro_31
37280 -1.26 0 0 2.35 0 ABC1
37288 0 0 -2.25 0 0 Amino_oxidase
37294 -2.54 0 -2.41 -2.02 0 ABC1
37306 1.23 0 0 0 0 Sigma70_r2;Sigma70_r4
37322 2.08 2.81 0 0 0 Pkinase
37338 0 0 -1.82 0 0 Thioredoxin
37357 -1.67 0 0 0 0 Histone
37359 0 0 0 1.59 0 CLP_protease
37376 0 1.34 0 0 0 Myosin_head;IQ
37431 -1.58 0 0 1.21 0 Histone
37444 0 0 0 3.42 0 Methyltransf_11
37450 0 0 -1.71 0 0 Peptidase_M16;Peptidase_M16_C
37493 0 0 0 -1.51 0 Formyl_trans_N
37509 -1.72 0 0 0 0 vATP-synt_AC39
37534 -1.67 0 -1.68 -1.89 0 DUF59;ParA;DUF971
37562 0 0 0 1.26 0 Pkinase;Pkinase_Tyr
37584 0 0 0 -3.05 0 Cupin_3
37592 0 1.42 0 0 0 Pkinase
37599 0 0 0 2.99 0 Peptidase_M41
37615 -1.08 0 0 -1.24 0 Epimerase
37707 2.44 1.63 0 0 0 MORN
37739 0 0 0 0 1.47 adh_short
37803 3.25 2.25 0 0 0 DUF208
37928 0 0 1.67 0 0 MOZ_SAS
37961 0 0 0 2.3 0 zf-Tim10_DDP
37965 0 0 1.35 1.43 0 S1
37976 -1.34 0 -2.19 0 0 Pro_isomerase
37988 0 1.56 0 0 0 Arf
38006 0 0 1.61 1.63 0 FKBP_C
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 65
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38030 0 0 -1.5 0 0 ABM
38051 0 0 1.64 0 0 6PF2K;PGAM
38054 -1.43 0 0 0 0 MtN3_slv
38085 -3.02 0 -3.5 0 0 EamA;TPT
38121 0 0 0 -1.96 0 AAA_2;ClpB_D2-small;DUF3170
38122 -5.89 -3 -5.71 -5.99 0 Chloroa_b-bind
38139 0 0 0 3.02 0 Chloroa_b-bind
38191 0 1.57 0 1.64 0 Cpn60_TCP1
38221 0 0 0 2.01 0 0
38360 0 0 1.31 0 0 Peptidase_C1
38494 -3.95 0 -3.64 -2.65 0 Chloroa_b-bind
38512 -1.97 0 -2.2 0 0 Hydrolase_4
38513 0 0 0 2.47 0 ABC1
38574 0 0 0 0 1.9 DnaJ
38575 -1.37 0 0 0 0 adh_short
38597 0 0 1.42 0 1.06 PFL;Gly_radical
38608 -1.95 0 -1.72 1.97 0 Semialdhyde_dh;NmrA
38646 1.39 0 1.93 1.82 0 Thioredoxin
38724 -3.08 0 -1.76 0 0 peroxidase
38760 0 0 1.87 0 1.13 PFL;Gly_radical
38767 0 0 0 0 1.78 Peptidase_C1
38776 0 0 0 1.2 0 BOP1NT;WD40
38780 0 0 0 -1.35 0 DSPc
38800 0 0 -1.05 0 0 peroxidase
38807 -4.06 -2.32 -3.63 0 0 Aldolase
38845 1.15 0 0 0 0 ABC_membrane;ABC_tran
38879 -4.6 -2.6 -1.84 2.65 0 Chloroa_b-bind
38924 0 0 -1.88 0 0 tRNA-synt_1c;tRNA_bind
38964 0 0 0 1.98 0 Chorismate_synt
38973 0 0 0 0 2.24 DEP;TBC
38987 0 -1.6 0 2.58 0 ABC_tran;DUF1602
39032 0 0 0 0 1.29 Fe-S_biosyn
39098 0 1.25 0 0 0 HSP70
39149 0 0 0 0 1.17 HATPase_c;HSP90
39173 -1.15 0 0 0 0 ATP-synt_D
39286 0 0 1.57 1.69 0 ABC_tran;DUF1602
39550 0 0 0 1.23 0 Ribosomal_S7e
39622 0 0 0 1.72 0 NAC;UBA
39677 -1.82 1.66 0 0 0 Myb_DNA-binding
39710 0 0 0 2.12 0 MMR_HSR1;YchF-GTPase_C
39799 -4.64 -2.1 -4.38 -2.54 0 GDC-P
39813 -5.1 -1.47 -3.87 -3.26 0 Chloroa_b-bind
66 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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39824 1.5 0 0 0 2.36 Clp_N;AAA;AAA_2;ClpB_D2-
small;DUF3170
39845 0 0 0 1.53 0 DNA_topoisoIV;DNA_gyraseA_C
39864 0 0 0 0 1.51 DEAD;Helicase_C
39924 0 0 0 1.98 0 HATPase_c;DNA_gyraseB;Toprim;DNA_gyra
seB_C
39941 0 0 0 2.34 0 Aminotran_4
39953 0 0 1.88 0 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
40044 0 0 0 1.77 0 Peptidase_M24
40193 0 0 -3.93 0 0 AAA
40233 0 0 0 1.59 0 CSD
40323 -4.55 -2.94 -1.24 0 0 CPSase_sm_chain;GATase;CPSase_L_chain;C
PSase_L_D2;CPSase_L_D3;MGS
40329 0 0 0 1.29 0 Ribosomal_L18ae
40341 0 0 0 2.97 0 WD40
40385 0 0 -1.07 0 0 ABC_membrane;ABC_tran;DUF1602
40393 0 0 6.17 4.24 0 PK;PK_C
40509 0 0 2.01 2.53 0 Ribosomal_L24e
40586 -2.06 0 0 0 1.61 Epimerase
40597 0 0 0 1.39 0 RPE65
40630 -2.06 0 0 0 0 Band_7
40747 -5.83 -1.96 -5.21 -4.24 0 Chloroa_b-bind
40771 0 0 0 1.58 0 Enolase_N;Enolase_C
40788 -2.09 0 -2.04 0 0 RmlD_sub_bind
40801 0 0 0 2.55 0 polyprenyl_synt
40958 3.22 3.49 3.3 4.92 0 TIM
40966 0 0 0 2.38 0 Sigma70_r2;Sigma70_r3
40985 0 0 0 2.71 0 GN3L_Grn1;MMR_HSR1
41014 0 0 0 5.33 0 FA_desaturase
41169 0 0 0 0 1.68 Peptidase_M16;Peptidase_M16_C
41178 0 0 0 1.69 0 HisG;HisG_C
41392 3.15 0 -1.45 0 0 Silic_transp
41425 0 0 2.12 -1.53 1.82 Ldh_1_N;Ldh_1_C
41433 -1.81 0 3.04 0 0 Pyr_redox_dim;Pyr_redox_2
41632 -1.54 0 0 0 0 Asp
41655 0 0 0 2.79 0 Chloroa_b-bind
41697 -1.29 0 0 0 0 Thioredoxin
41733 0 -1.37 0 0 -1.28 ThiC
41979 0 0 1.83 0 0 Pyr_redox_2;Pyr_redox_dim
42123 0 0 0 -2.49 2.32 GATase_2;SIS
42133 0 0 0 -1.55 0 Guanylate_cyc
42194 0 0 0 2.42 0 cNMP_binding
42258 4.7 3.41 0 0 0 WD40
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 67
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42320 -1.66 0 0 0 1.72 Snf7
42515 0 0 0 1.85 0 Helicase_C;DEAD
42545 0 0 0 0 1.62 PA
42577 -2.28 -1.06 0 -2.04 0 PGK
42594 0 0 2.28 2.74 0 Ribosomal_L10
42612 0 0 0 1.41 0 SOR_SNZ
42660 0 0 0 2.21 0 0
42704 0 0 0 1.15 0 Aconitase;Aconitase_C
42804 0 0 0 0 1.5 Trypsin
43120 0 0 0 1.67 0 Thioredoxin;COPIIcoated_ERV
43128 0 0 -1.27 0 0 Saccharop_dh
260748 0 0 0 2.59 0 TRM
260761 -1.8 0 0 0 0 HA
260906 1.55 0 0 0 0 Phos_pyr_kin
260925 1.71 0 0 0 0 dCMP_cyt_deam_1
260926 -1.92 0 0 0 0 LRR_1
260934 0 0 3.08 -1.35 0 Aminotran_4
260941 0 0 0 1.26 0 CDP-OH_P_transf
260942 -2.67 -1.69 -2.47 -2.13 0 Ribonuc_L-PSP
260953 -6.13 -4.4 -5.91 -3.01 0 OCD_Mu_crystall
260962 -1.13 0 0 0 0 Rhodanese
260974 0 0 -2.02 0 0 0
260975 0 0 1.38 0 0 Na_H_Exchanger
260991 0 0 0 1.7 0 DnaJ;DnaJ_C
261036 -3.83 0 0 0 -2.26 LRR_1
261087 0 0 0 -3.48 0 Aminotran_3
261109 0 0 0 3.44 0 HSP70
261112 0 0 0 1.45 0 NUDIX
261124 1.47 0 0 0 0 AlaDh_PNT_C;Saccharop_dh_N
261161 0 2.5 0 1.4 0 Spermine_synth
261226 0 0 0 2.19 0 Pentapeptide
261232 -1.94 0 -1.57 0 0 URO-D
261242 0 0 0 2.62 0 PsbP
261275 -1.52 0 0 2.42 0 ThylakoidFormat
261284 0 0 0 1.54 0 Aldo_ket_red
261287 -1.19 0 0 0 0 SUI1
261476 0 0 0 0 1.48 Biotin_lipoyl
261525 0 0 0 2.54 0 p450
261541 -1.35 0 0 0 0 RRM_1
261636 0 0 0 1.81 0 Glutaredoxin
261641 -3.32 -2.13 0 -3.44 2.35 Ferric_reduct;FAD_binding_8;NAD_binding_
6
68 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
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261684 0 0 -1.81 0 0 tRNA-synt_1;Anticodon_1
261690 0 0 -1.37 0 0 ABC_tran;ABC2_membrane
261702 2.2 2.43 0 0 2.77 HSP20
261705 0 -1.38 0 0 0 Trypsin
261711 0 0 0 -1.38 1.5 Sulfotransfer_1
261726 0 0 0 -2.24 0 Metallophos;Acetyltransf_1
261727 1.2 0 0 0 0 Kringle
261748 -2.48 -1.84 -3.15 -2.06 0 cobW;CobW_C
261777 0 0 0 1.71 0 MIF4G
261820 3.27 2.36 0 0 0 Pkinase
261823 0 0 0 1.65 0 FBPase
261827 -2.1 0 0 0 0 Thioredoxin
261878 0 0 0 1.71 0 Peptidase_M50
261882 -1.77 0 0 0 1.62 Glutaredoxin
261885 0 0 1.64 0 0 RRM_1
261895 0 0 0 0 1.33 Glyco_hydro_18
261925 -1.45 0 0 0 0 PP2C
261935 0 0 0 1.39 0 Thioredoxin
261965 3.3 2.97 0 0 0 HSF_DNA-bind
261966 1.5 0 0 0 0 Pyr_redox_2
262006 0 0 0 0 -1.49 Carb_anhydrase
262009 -3.07 0 0 0 -1.98 Carb_anhydrase
262032 -2.07 0 0 -1.84 0 0
262041 0 0 1.74 1.92 0 MIF4G;MA3
262099 2.4 2.05 0 0 0 Ala_racemase_N;Ala_racemase_C
262129 2.06 2.15 0 0 0 zf-C3HC4
262146 0 0 0 -1.71 0 Cyt-b5;Chitin_synth_2
262148 0 0 0 -1.72 0 Cyt-b5
262149 0 0 0 -1.75 0 Cyt-b5
262151 0 0 0 -1.73 0 Cyt-b5;Chitin_synth_2
262153 0 0 0 -3.16 0 PT;Glyco_hydro_18
262217 -1.44 0 0 0 0 LRR_1
262229 0 0 0 1.65 0 adh_short
262236 0 0 1.42 0 0 AA_permease
262242 1.98 0 0 -1.83 0 AMP-binding
262249 -2.16 0 0 0 0 LRR_1
262250 0 0 0 0 1.22 TPR_4;IU_nuc_hydro
262254 0 0 -1.17 1.66 0 ABC_tran
262258 0 0 0 1.11 0 CitMHS
262279 -3.07 0 -2.77 1.67 0 UbiA
262307 0 0 0 -1.43 0 BCCT
262313 -5.67 -1.8 -4.27 -6.09 0 Chloroa_b-bind
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 69
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262322 0 0 0 0 -1.23 Homeobox
262332 -6.81 -2.83 -6.38 -5.06 0 Chloroa_b-bind
262335 0 0 0 1.48 0 Methyltransf_11
262414 0 0 0 2.02 0 CSD
262433 0 0 1.98 -3.26 0 PUF
262455 0 0 0 0 1.86 HlyIII
262457 0 0 0 2.67 0 60KD_IMP
262506 0 0 -1.17 0 0 0
262517 1.81 0 0 -1.11 0 Glyco_hydro_18
262535 0 0 2.48 0 0 TPR_4;TPR_1
262564 -1.73 0 0 0 0 V-ATPase_H_N;V-ATPase_H_C
262567 0 0 0 0 1.75 Aldo_ket_red
262572 0 0 -1.86 0 0 Octopine_DH
262610 0 0 0 1.19 0 NUDIX
262619 0 0 0 -1.35 0 Spc97_Spc98
262620 0 0 0 4.17 0 Ank
262630 0 0 0 1.92 0 DnaJ
262659 1.94 1.99 0 0 1.31 Trypsin
262677 1.8 2.27 0 0 0 PrmA
262679 -1.88 0 0 -1.55 0 Cation_ATPase_N;E1-
E2_ATPase;Hydrolase;Cation_ATPase_C
262743 -1.94 0 0 0 1.61 Choline_transpo
262753 -3.49 0 -3.7 3.35 0 peroxidase
262775 0 0 1.36 2.04 0 RBFA
262849 -3.61 -2 -4.3 -2.39 0 Chromate_transp
262946 0 0 0 2.3 0 DNA_photolyase;FAD_binding_7
262963 1.61 0 0 0 0 Phos_pyr_kin;TMP-TENI
262977 0 0 0 2.02 0 Fer2
263081 2.55 1.35 0 0 0 LRR_1
263116 0 0 0 1.48 0 Rubredoxin
263121 2.92 3.65 0 0 0 Peptidase_M8
263132 -1.74 0 -1.86 0 0 Phytochelatin
263142 1.59 1.4 0 0 0 FtsJ
263182 0 0 0 1.43 0 DUF1350
263212 1.08 1.42 -1.22 0 0 CAP
263213 1.37 1.47 0 0 0 CAP
263240 1.51 0 0 0 0 SNF2_N
263246 2.08 0 0 0 0 PI-PLC-X;PI-PLC-Y;C2
263268 0 0 0 -1.31 0 Peptidase_M8
263271 -1.8 0 0 -1.36 0 LRR_1
263287 0 0 0 0 4.27 DUF347
263298 0 0 0 -1.4 0 Cyt-b5;Chitin_synth_2
70 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1989
© 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
263301 0 0 0 -1.4 0 Cyt-b5;Chitin_synth_2
263313 2.05 1.73 0 0 0 Peptidase_M8
263343 1.3 0 0 0 0 HpcH_HpaI;MaoC_dehydratas
263346 0 0 0 0 1.74 LRR_1
263355 -1.46 0 0 0 0 0
263365 0 0 0 2.42 0 WW;SpoIIE
263371 0 0 0 1.54 0 DcpS_C
263431 0 0 -1.39 0 0 Peptidase_M16;Peptidase_M16_C
263451 1.51 0 0 0 0 Trypsin
263452 -1.48 0 0 0 1.78 Trypsin
263456 2.49 2.09 0 1.43 0 DUF938
263461 0 0 0 0 1.41 Methyltransf_11
263528 -2.02 0 0 -1.9 0 zf-TRAF
263641 0 0 0 1.45 0 GTP_EFTU;IF-2
263658 -1.87 0 -2.34 0 0 GUN4
263660 0 0 0 1.57 0 Acyltransferase
263661 0 0 0 3.06 0 Mito_carr
263707 0 0 0 1.61 0 Mito_carr
263781 0 0 -1.99 0 0 Sulfate_transp;STAS
263801 0 1.89 0 2.74 1.47 PseudoU_synth_2
263816 0 1.28 0 0 0 Chromo;SNF2_N;Helicase_C
263830 0 1.58 4.01 0 3.21 PFL;Gly_radical
263883 0 0 0 0 1.48 0
263887 0 0 0 0 2.83 Pkinase
263902 0 0 0 1.71 0 UbiA
263906 0 0 0 -2.75 1.81 GSHPx
263924 -1.86 -1.45 -2.05 -2.23 0 MFS_1
263935 -1.81 -1.89 -2.26 0 1.09 PAS
263938 0 0 0 -1.42 2.12 0
263953 0 0 0 -2.08 0 Guanylate_cyc
263992 -1.84 0 -1.44 -2.67 0 Thioredoxin
264004 0 1.38 0 0 0 E1-E2_ATPase
264005 0 0 2.63 0 0 Glyco_hydro_16
264008 2.25 3.53 0 0 2.12 TylF
264043 0 0 0 0 -1.1 Myb_DNA-binding
264095 0 0 0 0 1.49 TBP
264109 0 0 0 -1.51 0 adh_short
264149 -1.37 0 0 0 0 Ribosomal_L28
264157 0 0 0 -2.49 1.19 CBS
264181 -7.87 -7.66 -7.09 -9.28 0 CaMKII_AD
264269 0 0 0 0 1.49 0
264275 0 0 -1.44 0 0 CRAL_TRIO
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 71
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264289 0 0 2.36 0 0 HSP20
264293 1.5 1.74 0 1.59 0 0
264295 0 1.08 0 0 0 PP2C
264335 0 0 0 2.55 0 PIP5K
264337 0 0 0 -1.8 0 0
264353 2.34 0 0 0 0 Mito_carr
264361 -1.99 0 0 0 0 Peptidase_M1;DUF3458
264384 -2.04 -2.66 -2.42 -2.48 3 0
264395 1.79 0 0 0 0 PI3_PI4_kinase
264421 -1.45 0 0 -1.35 0 ABC2_membrane
264439 0 0 0 -1.15 0 DAO
264494 0 0 0 -2.13 1.76 SIR2
264496 0 0 -1.79 0 0 Aldo_ket_red
264651 0 0 0 -2.58 1.64 Thioredoxin
264663 0 0 0 1.87 0 Thioredoxin
264664 0 0 1.66 0 0 Thioredoxin
264670 0 0 1.57 0 0 Redoxin
264671 1.01 0 0 -1.63 2.52 Pkinase
264688 0 0 0 1.97 1.29 GSHPx
264730 2.72 3.05 0 0 2.16 AdoMet_dc;Spermine_synth
264732 1.8 2.27 0 0 0 PrmA
264753 0 1.58 4.01 0 3.21 PFL;Gly_radical
264781 0 0 0 1.82 0 0
264786 0 0 0 1.27 0 RNA_pol_Rpc34
264804 0 0 0 -1.44 2.09 0
264807 -2.4 0 0 0 0 ATP-synt_C
264815 0 0 0 0 1.7 Peptidase_M3
264846 0 0 0 -1.44 1.84 Inhibitor_I29;Peptidase_C1
264854 -1.72 0 0 0 0 Pkinase
264865 -1.42 0 -2.03 0 0 CSD
264891 0 0 2.34 0 0 Glyco_hydro_30;Ricin_B_lectin
264901 -1.29 0 0 0 0 Amino_oxidase
264903 0 0 0 0 1.35 Glyco_hydro_18
267958 1.61 1.75 0 0 0 An_peroxidase
267971 0 0 1.75 0 0 MORN
268003 0 0 2.2 0 0 0
268009 0 0 0 -1.11 0 FTR1
268024 0 0 0 -2.32 0 0
268027 0 0 0 1.55 0 Met_10
268043 0 0 0 0 1.74 DUF231
268054 0 0 0 0 1.82 DUF1632;Sugar_transport
268059 0 0 0 1 0 0
72 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange
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268062 0 0 0 1.62 0 DnaJ;DnaJ_CXXCXGXG
268064 0 0 0 0 1.93 HSF_DNA-bind
268070 0 0 0 1.1 0 0
268117 0 1.63 0 0 -1.66 Histone
268160 -2.01 0 0 0 0 Band_7
268172 0 0 0 1.65 1.29 0
268185 0 -1.64 0 0 1.06 0
268187 0 0 -1.52 0 0 YGGT
268204 3.87 0 0 0 4.06 0
268220 0 0 0 -1.36 1.49 Peptidase_M6
268234 0 0 0 -1.78 0 0
268238 0 0 0 1.88 0 GIDA
268242 -2.18 -1.34 0 0 0 0
268270 0 0 0 1.96 0 Patched
268271 0 0 0 2.53 0 SRP54;SRP_SPB;SRP54_N
268296 0 0 0 1.59 0 Ribosomal_L12
268300 0 0 0 0 1.84 DUF493
268316 2.34 3 0 0 1.45 Annexin
268329 3.33 3.18 0 -1.42 0 Synaptobrevin
268335 0 0 0 -2.46 0 Bac_GDH;ELFV_dehydrog
268343 -2.17 -1.59 -2.21 1.48 0 0
268350 0 0 0 1.79 0 SpoU_methylase
268354 0 0 0 -1.39 1.35 Cyclin_N
268410 1.88 0 0 0 0 Pkinase
268447 -2.09 -1.63 0 0 0 Thioredoxin
268449 0 0 0 2.69 0 GST_C
268474 -2.52 0 0 0 0 NmrA
268480 -3.19 -1.66 -1.84 -1.7 0 polyprenyl_synt
268481 0 0 0 0 1.5 HSF_DNA-bind
268500 0 0 1.29 0 0 HATPase_c;HSP90;NAD_binding_1;FAD_bin
ding_6
268546 -3.15 -2.59 0 -2.79 0 PEPcase
268548 1.48 1.49 0 0 0 Esterase;ADH_N
268594 0 0 3.63 0 0 Aminotran_1_2
268596 0 0 0 1.26 0 CBF
268619 0 0 0 1.21 0 Arf
268621 -2.57 0 -2.12 0 0 PGM_PMM_I;PGM_PMM_II;PGM_PMM_III
;PGM_PMM_IV
268644 0 0 0 1.07 0 RNase_PH;RNase_PH_C;PNPase;KH_1;S1
268653 0 0 0 0 1.59 0
268657 0 0 -1.19 2.72 0 Pyr_redox_2;Pyr_redox_dim
268669 0 0 0 1.49 0 Rieske;PaO
268678 0 0 0 1.22 0 DnaJ;Myb_DNA-binding
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268695 0 0 1.47 0 1.48 GTP_cyclohydro2;GTP_CH_N
268713 0 0 -2.64 0 0 0
268714 0 0 0 1.38 0 GTP_EFTU;GTP_EFTU_D2;EFG_C
268773 0 0 -1.18 0 0 0
268788 0 0 1.78 0 0 0
268839 2.58 2.04 0 0 0 RRM_1
268858 2.23 2.61 0 0 0 0
268881 0 0 0 0 1.46 Mod_r
268889 0 0 0 0 1.48 SNF2_N
268958 0 0 0 0 -2.3 0
268963 -2.12 0 1.63 -1.55 0 PUF
268965 0 0 1.96 0 0 Aconitase_B_N;Aconitase_2_N
268966 0 0 0 -1.83 0 Glyco_hydro_18
268970 1.42 0 1.62 2.39 0 2-Hacid_dh_C
269049 0 0 0 1.88 0 eIF-1a
269057 2.98 1.86 0 0 0 PGK
269086 0 0 0 1.09 0 Ribosomal_S24e
269095 -1.77 -1.8 4.45 0 0 Methyltransf_11
269115 0 1.34 0 0 0 0
269127 0 0 2 0 0 Acyl-CoA_dh_N;Acyl-CoA_dh_M;Acyl-
CoA_dh_1
269135 0 0 0 0 1.56 Tic22
269141 0 0 2.4 0 0 0
269160 0 0 1.71 0 0 Pyr_redox_2
269238 0 0 2.57 0 0 HSF_DNA-bind
269258 1.86 1.69 0 0 1.72 0
269273 0 0 0 -1.56 1.9 0
269325 -2.1 0 0 0 0 HSF_DNA-bind
269328 0 0 0 -2 0 Carboxyl_trans
269355 0 0 0 0 2.65 Kazal_1
269386 0 1.49 0 0 0 Trypsin
269393 -1.82 0 0 0 0 Epimerase
269434 0 0 1.44 1.29 0 Methyltrans_SAM
269459 -1.52 0 0 0 0 0
269475 0 0 0 0 1.6 SIR2
269513 0 0 0 -1.92 1.41 Acyl-CoA_dh_N;Acyl-CoA_dh_1;Acyl-
CoA_dh_M
269541 0 0 0 0 2.79 Peptidase_M20
269557 -3.08 0 1.56 -1.57 0 NAD_binding_4
269559 0 0 0 1.56 0 rRNA_processing
269575 0 0 0 0 1.27 0
269633 0 4.34 0 0 0 0
269653 -2.45 -1.49 0 -1.93 2.27 0
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269655 0 2.53 0 0 0 Tubulin;FtsZ_C
269696 -4.53 -3.62 -5.46 -2.25 3.03 0
269699 -4.53 -3.62 -5.49 -2.22 3.03 0
269714 0 1.2 0 0 0 APS_kinase;ATP-sulfurylase;Pyrophosphatase
269764 0 0 0 2.19 0 PseudoU_synth_2
269776 0 0 1.84 2.23 0 0
269779 0 0 0 1.42 0 Ribosomal_S6e
269792 0 0 0 0 2.04 Annexin;WD40
269826 0 0 0 -1.95 0 Cyclin_N
269844 -1.41 0 1.61 -1.66 0 Glyco_transf_28;UDPGT
269866 0 -1.13 1.67 0 0 GST_N;GST_C
269876 0 -1.54 0 -2.08 2 0
269889 0 0 -1.26 -1.18 0 Pkinase
269900 0 0 1.89 0 0 GATase_2;Glu_syn_central;Glu_synthase;GX
GXG
269908 -3.97 -2.29 -3.72 -2.69 0 CPSase_L_chain;CPSase_L_D2;Biotin_carb_
C;HMGL-like;PYC_OADA;Biotin_lipoyl
269952 2.14 1.77 0 0 0 MtN3_slv
269968 0 0 -2.07 -1.47 0 Rhodanese
269975 0 0 1.51 1.65 0 0
269997 1.68 0 0 0 0 0
270013 0 0 0 1.52 0 3_5_exonuc;SAP;DNA_pol_A
270038 -1.25 0 0 0 0 Peptidase_C14
270092 -3.73 -2.63 -3.66 -2.45 -1.58 Chloroa_b-bind
270113 0 0 0 0 2.15 cNMP_binding
270127 0 0 0 0 1.64 Glyco_hydro_18;CBM_14
270136 0 0 1.77 0 0 Aminotran_3
270137 -1.85 0 0 -5.1 0 efhand
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Table S7: List of Thalassiosira pseudonana proteins returning hits from NPAC, bacillariophyta-
like sequences.
ID # Hits Si Fe N T Co2 PFAM
6363 7821 0 0 0 1.27 0 Ribosomal_L23eN
5259 1228 0 0 0 1.14 0 Ribosomal_L44
2848 111 -2.6 -1.56 -4.74 -1.55 0 PsbU
25772 73 0 0 -1.33 0 0 Actin
28496 40 -2.89 1.44 -2.04 2.42 0 AdoHcyase
38715 29 -5.85 -1.17 -3.96 -3.62 0 Chloroa_b-bind
41829 28 1.38 0 0 0 0 GTP_EFTU;GTP_EFTU_D2;GTP_
EFTU_D3
6285 20 0 0 0 1.34 0 HATPase_c;HSP90
42962 20 0 0 1.38 0 0 Chloroa_b-bind
31383 19 -3.61 -1.01 -3.43 1.04 0 Gp_dh_N;Gp_dh_C
575 17 -3.58 0 -4.11 0 0 Aminotran_3
866 16 0 0 -1.32 0 0 CLP_protease
12152 15 -2.94 0 -2.9 2.28 0 ketoacyl-synt;Ketoacyl-synt_C
26893 14 0 0 0 1.47 0 Ribosomal_S13
25933 13 0 0 -1.62 0 0 TPT
41256 12 -1.31 0 0 0 0 ATP-synt_ab_N;ATP-synt_ab_C
41548 12 0 0 0 0 1.7 Epimerase
26051 11 0 0 0 1.68 0 Gln-synt_N;Gln-synt_C
31705 10 -1.84 -1.13 0 -2.18 0 Mpv17_PMP22
264201 10 0 0 0 1.28 0 Ribosomal_L2;Ribosomal_L2_C
38583 9 -4.98 -1.28 -4.31 -2.28 0 Chloroa_b-bind
9716 8 0 0 0 1.69 0 DEAD;Helicase_C
268127 8 -5.69 -1.11 -7.68 -5.58 0 Chloroa_b-bind
268304 8 -3.86 -1.19 -4.27 0 0
33018 7 -6.19 -1.67 -6.41 -3.45 0 Chloroa_b-bind
802 6 0 0 0 1.02 0 Ribosomal_L18p
32924 6 -3.56 -2.49 -3.43 0 0 Ribul_P_3_epim
39143 6 1.16 0 0 0 0 Mito_carr
264921 6 -4.12 -2.46 -1.86 2.68 0 Chloroa_b-bind
428 5 -4.88 -2.57 -2.2 0 0 F_bP_aldolase
1326 5 -2.16 0 0 0 0 ATP-sulfurylase
29825 5 0 0 0 1.23 0 Ribosomal_S8e
32201 5 -4.33 0 -3.08 0 0 Mg_chelatase;VWA
39936 5 0 0 0 1.57 0 Metallophos
1738 4 0 0 -1.59 0 0 CLP_protease
21175 4 -4.53 -1.14 -5.62 0 0 Transketolase_N;Transket_pyr;Trans
ketolase_C
32546 4 0 0 -1.6 2.13 0 Cyt-b5;FA_desaturase
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262125 4 -3.45 -1.49 0 0 0 NIR_SIR_ferr
3622 3 -1.09 0 -1.19 0 0 IspD
21815 3 0 1.47 -1.84 1.53 0 S-AdoMet_synt_N;S-
AdoMet_synt_M;S-AdoMet_synt_C
22565 3 -2.12 0 1.44 0 0 Sugar_tr
26046 3 0 0 0 1.11 0 Ribosomal_S3Ae
28189 3 0 0 0 3.65 0 HSP70;NAD-GH
31012 3 -3.51 -1.87 -2.97 0 0 Coprogen_oxidas
31516 3 0 0 0 1.46 0 NOP5NT;NOSIC;Nop
32555 3 -1.58 0 0 0 0 Ribonuc_red_sm
32752 3 0 0 0 1.16 0 Ribosomal_L24e
39278 3 -1.17 0 0 0 0 ATP-synt_C
42326 3 -2.22 0 -2.37 -1.87 0 UDPGP
269274 3 -3.27 0 0 -2 0 MFS_1
2343 2 -2.21 0 -3.64 1.87 0
3741 2 -1.71 -1.41 0 2.13 0 ELO
4830 2 0 1.64 0 0 0 Cofilin_ADF
5021 2 0 0 0 2.02 0 ketoacyl-synt;Ketoacyl-synt_C
5174 2 -3.9 0 -5.07 -4.63 0 Chloroa_b-bind
10234 2 -4.48 -2.55 -3.98 -1.15 0 FAD_binding_3
11411 2 0 0 2.09 0 0 Citrate_synt
20603 2 -6.96 -2.64 -7.64 -2.61 0
25892 2 -4.33 -1.44 -3.64 0 0 NAD_binding_1
26221 2 0 0 0 1.02 0 Ribosomal_S13_N;Ribosomal_S15
26367 2 0 0 0 1.21 0 Ribosomal_S8
28125 2 -1.81 0 0 0 0 GlutR_N;Shikimate_DH;GlutR_dim
er
31446 2 0 0 0 1.11 0 Ribosomal_S21
33008 2 0 0 0 1.86 0 EPSP_synthase
36235 2 -2.24 0 -1.52 0 0 p450
36979 2 0 0 0 2.01 0 Fcf1
38667 2 -5.92 -1.49 -4.18 -3.48 0 Chloroa_b-bind
39901 2 0 0 0 0 1.39 PGK
40391 2 -1.82 0 1.83 0 0 Enolase_N;Enolase_C
269240 2 0 0 1.83 1.63 0 HSP70;NAD-GH
3815 1 -5.93 -3.43 -3.8 -5.97 0 Chloroa_b-bind
4914 1 -3.23 0 -3.32 0 0 NAD_binding_1
5219 1 -2.66 -2.41 -2.69 0 0 Acyl_transf_1
5240 1 -2.5 0 -2.92 -3.08 0 ALAD
8522 1 -2.23 0 0 0 -2.35 Ribonuc_red_sm
9021 1 -2.95 0 0 0 0 Porphobil_deam;Porphobil_deamC
10233 1 -1.74 0 -1.45 0 0
11501 1 -5.78 -1.87 -5.7 -2.24 0 Chloroa_b-bind
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13806 1 -1.17 0 0 0 0 tRNA-synt_1c;tRNA-synt_1c_C
20008 1 0 0 0 1.36 0 Ribosomal_S26e
20965 1 -7.71 -2.61 -7.03 -3.37 -1.4
21261 1 -2.28 0 0 0 0 Rubredoxin
21292 1 1.31 0 0 0 0 CitMHS
21327 1 -1.62 0 -1.93 0 0 DUF1625
21972 1 -1.75 0 0 3.01 0
22350 1 0 0 0 1.38 0 Ribosomal_S21e
22476 1 0 0 0 1.43 0 Ribosomal_L13e
23283 1 -1.74 0 -2.07 0 0
24250 1 -1.5 0 1.76 0 0 SSF
26436 1 0 0 0 1.7 0 Peptidase_M3
26573 1 -3.65 -1.62 -3.28 0 0 DUF3479;CobN-Mg_chel
27873 1 0 0 1.55 0 0 IMPDH
29217 1 0 0 0 1.17 0 Ribosomal_L7Ae
29375 1 -5.89 -1.9 -6.91 -4 0 Chloroa_b-bind
29728 1 0 0 0 0 1.67 Epimerase
29842 1 -4.9 -1.85 -4.56 -1.78 0
29861 1 0 0 1.65 0 0 GATase_2;Glu_syn_central;Glu_syn
thase;GXGXG
31014 1 0 0 0 1.59 0 Adap_comp_sub
31091 1 -2.13 0 -1.72 0 0 NDK
31851 1 -1.58 0 -1.94 2.95 0 adh_short
31912 1 -1.36 0 0 0 0 Pro_isomerase
32955 1 -2.59 -1.71 -3.24 0 0 ADH_N;ADH_zinc_N
33871 1 0 0 0 1.69 0 Metallophos
34585 1 -2.72 -2.43 -3.81 0 0 Radical_SAM;BATS
34830 1 -4.34 -1.9 -5.16 -1.91 0 MSP
34864 1 0 0 -1.2 2.39 0 FKBP_N;FKBP_C
35180 1 -7.04 0 -1.56 -1.08 -1.87 Mpv17_PMP22
35712 1 -4.7 0 -5.16 1.56 0 PGK
35816 1 0 0 -1.51 0 0 Gp_dh_N;Gp_dh_C
35934 1 -4.71 -1.26 -4.14 0 0 Cytochrom_C
37083 1 0 0 0 1.17 0 DnaJ;DnaJ_C
39003 1 0 0 2.91 3.93 0 UPF0113
39666 1 -1.14 0 0 0 0 cobW;CobW_C
40156 1 -2.65 0 -2.08 0 0 ATP-synt
40312 1 0 0 0 1.15 0 Ribosomal_S9
41005 1 -2.34 0 -2.43 0 0 Transket_pyr;Transketolase_C
41113 1 0 0 0 1.79 0 Cyt-b5;FA_desaturase
262796 1 -3.1 -1.28 -4.57 0 0 PP-binding
264039 1 -2.02 0 -2.37 0 0 p450
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268374 1 0 0 2.49 0 0 E1_dh
268895 1 7.15 0 -1.35 0 0 Silic_transp
269348 1 -1.97 0 -2.4 0 0 Pyrophosphatase
269942 1 -2.92 0 -2.57 0 0 SHMT
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Table S8. Genes investigated during this study and sequences of the primers used to amplify
target genes by qPCR.
Gene Target/protein ID Primer sequence (5' - 3')Amplicon
size (bp)
Large ribosomal protein
L27e/269038
Fwd: GTCCGTCATATCTTCCCAACAC
Rev: TACTCGACGTTCCGCATCAAC
93
Large ribosomal protein
L22/270383
Fwd: TGCACATGGTCGAATTGGTA
Rev: GTTTGGCGGCCATCTTTCTG
131
Large ribosomal protein
L14/271911
Fwd: TTGCCCTAACGGATTTAACTGTG
Rev: AGACGTGTCTTCTTGGATTGC
142
Small ribosomal protein
RPS11/268264
Fwd: TACTGCCTTACACATCAAAGTTC
Rev: AGAGGGGATTGGTGTGACATC
142
Small ribosomal protein
S1/274976
Fwd: GATTCCCTCGATGGATTAGGTGA
Rev: GAATCAAGAGAATCAGAAACATCCG
89
TATA-box binding protein
TBP/143154
Fwd: GCATTTGCCTCCTATGAACCAGA
Rev: CTTTGCACCTGTTATCACAACCTTC
114
RNA polymerase RNAP
II/183218
Fwd: TCGGAGCTGCTTCCTTTTCTC
Rev: TTGTGGACTGGATGGGTTGTAAC
128
Major allergen MA control Fwd: TCGGTTGACAGATACCTTAAAGGAA
Rev: TCAAAGGTGACGTTCGAGTTCAT
100
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Table S9: NCBI accessions and Pfam domains detected for Fucoxanthin chlorophyll binding
proteins (FCPs), Ntirate reductases and Silicon transporters for Cylindrotheca fusiformis (C.F.),
Phaedactylum tricornutum (P.T.) and Thalassiosira pseudonana (T.P.). *Downloaded from NCBI
RefSeq, all other gene sequences downloaded from NCBI Genbank. Based on HMM searches of
Pfam-A using default gathering thresholds.
C.F. P.T. T.P. Pfam domain(s)
FCPs AAN08838 EEC51450 ACI64366 chloroa_b-bind
Nitrate Reductase AAY59538 AAV66996XP_002294410
* Oxidored_molyb, Mo-
co_dimer, Cyt-b5,
FAD_binding_6,
FAD_binding_1
Silicon Transporter AAD13807 ABB81809 ABB81827 Silic_transp
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Supplementary Figures
Figure S1: Sampling sites for: A) EPAC 1, 2 (Equatorial Pacific), B) NPAC (North Pacific),
Hansville buoy (ORCA) (yellow X) at 47°54.44”N and 122°37.62W was used to obtain
oceanographic profiles of T, S, density, O2, and in situ fluorescence close to the sampling site. C)
ANT 1, 2 (Antarctic), D) ARC (Arctic) and NATL (North Atlantic). Maps obtained from Google
Maps.
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Figure S2: Top: Pfam protein domain rarefaction curves for Equatorial Pacific (EPAC), NorthPacific (NPAC), Antarctic (ANT), North Altantic (NATL) and Arctic (ARC)metatranscriptomes. (Chao-1 estimator of species richness using 50,000 sequenceincrements. http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/jbrzusto/rarefact.php). Bottom: table showing totalnumber of unique Pfam domains detected in each sample, the Chao-1 estimate of uniquedomains and the percentage of Chao-1 estimate detected in each sample
0
5000
0
1000
00
1500
00
2000
00
2500
00
3000
00
3500
00
4000
00
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
EPAC
NPAC
ANT
NATL
ARC
Sample Size
# U
niq
ue
Pfa
m D
om
ain
s D
ete
cte
d
ANT ARC EPAC NATL NPAC
# Unique Pfam domains detected 583.00 3316.00 1133.00 3369.00 1746.00
Chao-1 Estimate 720.20 3873.14 1652.39 4064.53 2239.90
% of estimate detected 80.95 85.62 68.57 82.89 77.95
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Figure S3: Heatmap for all PhymmBL-classified sequences at the Phylum level (confidence
score of ≥ 0.9) Complete linkage clustering was performed based on a correlation matrix (1-
Pearson correlation coefficient) of relative abundances. Heatmaps scaled and centred by column.
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Figure S4: Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) between protein family (Pfam) abundance and environmental conditions (Temperature,
Light, Nitrate and Phosphate) deduced from ocean samples in this study, red dots represent ribosomal transcripts. Figures represent dimensions 1
and 2 (Left) and 1 and 3 (Right).
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Figure S5: Correlation analysis between the normalised abundance of sequences associated with the GO term for translation and in-situ temperature of metatranscriptomes.
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Figure S6: Multiple correlation plot between normalised abundance of metatranscriptomesequences associated with GO:0006412 – translation and environmental factors. Lower triangledisplays scatter plot of factors from the central diagonal. Upper triangle displays scaledcorrelation coefficient between factors from central diagonal.
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Figure S7: qPCR analysis of 5 ribosomal genes determined in the polar diatom F. cylindrus
at the freezing point of seawater (-2°C). Changes in expression are shown as log2 of fold
changes relative to F. cylindrus grown at 10-11°C. Data was normalised to the geometric
mean of 3 reference genes (TBP, RNAP II, MA) and represents mean values and standard
error from biological replicates (n=3) and technical replicates (n=2). Significances (p <
0.05) were tested using pair wise fixed reallocation randomisation test (Relative Expression
Software Tool).
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Figure S8: Hansville buoy (ORCA) (47°54.44”N, 122°37.62W) oceanographic profiles of T,
S, O2, and in situ fluorescence. Red line indicates time point (12:37pm) of sampling. C) and
D) indicates subsurface bloom development with maximum chl a concentration between 5
and 15 m depth.
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Figure S9: Top: KRONA chart of NPAC (North Pacific) taxonomic affiliations at the
genus level, coloured by average confidence score. Bottom: Frequency of NPAC
Thalassiosira-like sequences matching to Thalassiosira pseudonana genes (blastx with
e-value cutoff < 1e-5, requiring >= 75% identity and >=50% coverage of the query
sequence) upregulated under different growth limitations (Note log scale on y-axis).
Co2 N Si Fe T1
10
100
1000
10000
Growth Limitation
# S
eqs
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Figure S10: Plot of normalised abundance of sequences matching to nucleotide
metabolism (KEGG pathways K000230: Purine metabolism and K000240:
Pyrimidine metabolism) against temperature with exponential regression line.
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 300
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
EPAC
NATL
NPAC
ANT
ARC
f(x) = 26.49·0.94^xR² = 0.93
Temperature ºC
Hits p
er
Mb
to
nucle
otid
e m
eta
bo
lism
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Figure S11: Correlation analysis between total RNA per cell and growth temperature. Shown are
total RNA concentrations per Fragilariopsis cylindrus cell as calculated from biological
replicates grown under -2°C, +4°C and +10°C.
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 120.00000
0.00005
0.00010
0.00015
0.00020
0.00025
0.00030
0.00035
f(x) = -0.00001x + 0.00025
R² = 0.89773
Growth temperature [°C]
tota
l R
NA
[n
g/c
ell
]
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Figure S12: Enriched GO terms from a pairwise comparison between EPAC (Equatorial Pacific)
and ANT (Antarctic). Top: Terms enriched in EPAC compared to ANT, Bottom: Terms enriched in
ANT compared to EPAC. Enriched GO terms were identified through pairwise Fisher's exact tests
on relative GO term abundances (Bonferroni corected P-value < 0.001). Term clouds created with
http://www.worditout.com scaling terms by the absolute difference in the relative abundance of the
enriched term and using direct colour blending from blue (low frequency) to red (high frequency).
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6 Phytoplankton growth strategies and resource allocation in a global
marine ecosystem model
6.1 Model description
The agent and trait-based global marine ecosystem model is described fully in previous publications: the
agent-based modelling approach is described in Clark etal (2011)23; the sub-cellular resource allocation
model, integration with the agent-based model, and the coupling to the MIT-gcm is described in Clark
etal (2013)24; and the represention of rRNA, cellular stoichiometry, and extensions to a global model
including predation and cell-size parameterisation for high latitudes are described in Daines etal (2013)25.
Here we summarize the key features of the model. Phytoplankton diversity is represented by a trait-
based generic cell model which includes a coarse-grained representation of physiology and allocation to
subcellular compartments. Phytoplankton growth strategies (PGS) and hence cellular resource allocation
and composition are then an emergent result of environmental selection including multiple drivers (light,
nutrients and temperature).
The cell model is described fully in references Clark etal (2013)24 and Daines etal (2013)25. The
phytoplankton cell model represents allocation to three components: L represents cellular resource allo-
cation (fraction of cell nitrogen) to the photosynthetic light harvesting apparatus (including chlorophyll
and accessory pigments), E represents the biosynthetic apparatus (including aggregated enzyme systems
and ribosomes involved in small and large molecule biosynthesis), and a size-dependent allocation to cell
structure S(r) including cell surface associated components involved in nutrient acquisition and assimila-
tion, and all ’other’ components not directly involved in either photosynthesis or biosynthesis. Two traits,
for cell radius r which determines S(r), and (2) relative allocation to L vs E, combined with the constraint
that L+ E + S(r) = 1, then determine a two-dimensional trait space. Growth rate is then given by the
most limiting of light-harvesting mass-specific rate, fp = kpIzL (where Iz is incident light intensity and kp
is an empirically determined rate constant), temperature-dependent biosynthesis rate, ksQ10(T−To)/10E
(where temperature dependence is represented by the factor Q10, and kp is an empirically determined rate
constant), and mass-specific nutrient uptake (assumed diffusion limited and hence related to cell radius
r by fN ∝ 1/r2). C:N stoichiometry and fractional contribution of carbon and nitrogen to dry mass
are assumed constant and fixed for each compartment, hence relative cellular pool allocation as biomass,
carbon and nitrogen are equal. Internal fluxes are represented in carbon units. Phosphorus content is
pool-specific.
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The ecosystem model uses an agent-based approach to represent a diverse phytoplankton population,
sampling a trait-space (where the two traits represent cell size, and subcellular resource allocation). A
population of ∼ 800 individual Lagrangian agents (each representative of many real-life individuals,26,27)
is maintained in each grid cell of a physical Eulerian ocean model, along with the concentration of a
single limiting nutrient, light, and temperature. Agents consume resources, grow, reproduce, and may be
consumed by predation and cycled through particulate and dissolved detrital pools to inorganic nutreint.
Biotic interactions are represented by a parameterisation of size-dependent predation.
6.2 Emergent phytoplankton growth strategies and resource allocation
The model captures major patterns between permanently-stratified, resource-limited oligotrophic gyres,
high-latitude bloom-forming regions, and equatorial upwelling regions. Nutrient supply is the major driver
for ecosystem structure in the oligotrophic gyres, resulting in selection for small cell size limited by an
imposed trade-off such that small cells pay an increased cost in allocation to S (representing cell-surface
associated structure and nutrient-uptake machinery), and slow, nutrient-limited growth rate (Figure S-
13). High-latitude, bloom forming regions favour larger, fast-growing cells. In these regions, temperature
and light then determine the relative allocation to biosynthesis and light-harvesting machinery.
6.3 Relating resource allocation to metagenomics
The resource-allocation patterns for S, L and E in the global model (Figure S-13) may be identified with
broad classes of protein families in the global metatranscriptomic dataset (Figure S12).
7 rRNA allocation
We summarise here results from Daines etal (2013)25. We assume that per-ribosome peptide synthesis
rate (φaσa)T = (φaσa)T0Q(T−T0)/1010 is conserved across eukaryotic taxa, with a temperature dependence
defined by a Q10 scaling. The minimum rRNA requirements (relative to cellular protein) for protein
synthesis and growth are then a function of growth rate and temperature. In the coarse-grained cell
model, the biosynthesis pool E represents both small and large molecule biosynthesis. This is partitioned
optimally into rRNA and small molecule biosynthesis, based on a parameterization of ribosomal transcrip-
tion rate and the parameterisation of overall mass-specific biomass generation rate by the E pool, with
κS derived from laboratory measurements28,29. Combined with phytoplankton growth strategies derived
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0 100 200 300
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
80
Surface (0−50m) mean cell radius
0
1
2
3
4
5
6A
0 100 200 300
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
80
Surface (0−50m) mean S
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8BB
0 100 200 300
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
80
Surface (0−50m) mean E
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8C
0 100 200 300
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
80
Surface (0−50m) mean L
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8D
Figure S-13: Model emergent biogeography, phytoplankton growth strategies, and cellular nitrogen allo-cation. A (top left): cell size. B (top right): allocation to “structure” including cell-surface associatedmachinery. C (bottom left): Allocation to biosynthesis machinery. D (bottom right): allocation to lightharvesting machinery. All properties are biomass-weighted annual means for the model surface layer(0-50m).
3
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Table S-10: Stoichiometry of macromolecules and cellular components30. Eukaryotic ribosome is assumedto have composition rRNA:protein ratio 1.2:1
Macromolecule / component %C %N %P C:N:P
protein 53 17 0 3.6:1:0RNA 32.7 14.5 8.7 9.7:3.7:1
phospholipid 65 1.6 4.2 40.0:0.84:1eukaryotic ribosome 41.9 15.6 4.7 23.0:7.3:1
membrane (70% protein, 30% phospholipid) 56.6 12.38 1.26 116.0:21.8:1bacterial membrane30 55 13.7 0.86 162:35:1
’Redfield’ autotroph with gC/gdw = 0.5 50 8.81 1.22 106:16:1
Table S-11: Biological constants determining minimum rRNA requirements for growth
Parameter Description Units
mtota Average mass of an amino acid in peptide changes 110 Da
mtotr Average mass of a ribonucleotide 340 Daσa Peptide elongation rate aa rib−1 s−1
φa Fraction of ribosomes actively translating 0.8 -lr Length in ribonucleotides of rRNA in one eukaryotic ribosome 6860
from the global model, this then determines patterns in allocation to rRNA. We may further use absolute
laboratory calibrations for per-ribosome protein synthesis rate to determine the rRNA contribution to
N:P stoichiometry.
7.1 rRNA requirements for protein synthesis and growth
The minimum rRNA required to provide protein synthesis for growth (mass ratio of rRNA to protein)
as a function of growth rate µ depends (only) on the empirically determined per-ribosome protein syn-
thesis rate, and other biological parameters which are more directly related to “structural” properties of
biomolecules (Table S-11, data from Loladze and Elser (2011)31).
The minimum cellular-level ratio of rRNA dry mass to protein dry mass required for protein synthesis
for growth rmasscellrRNA:prot = mtot
cellrRNA/mtotcellprot is given by:
rmasscellrRNA:prot = 5.9
( µ
1 h−1
)(φaσa
1 aa rib−1 s−1
)−1
αcomp (S-1)
where dependency on structural parameters (Table S-11) is captured by:
αcomp =
(mtot
r
340 Da
)(lr
6860
)(mtot
a
110 Da
)−1
(S-2)
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Using the stoichiometries from Table S-10, the (mass) ratio of phosphorus to nitrogen in the combi-
nation of cellular rRNA and protein is then
%Pcell
%Ncell=
8.7rmasscellrRNA:prot
17 + 14.5rmasscellrRNA:prot
(S-3)
where the major trend is from the ratio of phosphate-rich rRNA to nitrogen-rich protein, and the
dependency on rmasscellrRNA:prot in the denominator is a small correction due to the nitrogen content of
rRNA. The fraction of cell nitrogen in ribosomes (including both the rRNA and ribosome-associated
protein in ratio 1.2:1 for a eukaryotic ribosome30) is
%Nrib
%Ncell=
28.6rmasscellrRNA:prot
17 + 14.5rmasscellrRNA:prot
(S-4)
and the ratio of rRNA mass to cell carbon mass (given an overall bulk cell C:N stoichiometry) is
mtotrRNA
mCcell
=100rmass
cellrRNA:prot
17 + 14.5rmasscellrRNA:prot
(%Ncell
%Ccell
)(S-5)
7.2 Relating rRNA allocation to coarse-grained phytoplankton model
The optimal allocation of cellular nitrogen to the E pool is given by Eopt = %NE/%Ncell = µ/κs. Both
the allocation to E and the allocation to rRNA therefore scale linearly with growth rate, hence.assuming
the same temperature dependence for these rates, the optimal partitioning into rRNA and small-molecule
biosynthesis within the E pool follows from the two empirical rate constants:
%Nrib
%NE=
κsµ
28.6rmasscellrRNA:prot
17 + 14.5rmasscellrRNA:prot
= 1.67
(κs
0.168 h−1
)25C
(φaσa
1 aa rib−1 s−1
)−1
25C(1 + 0.85Eopt
(κs
0.168 h−1
)25C
(φaσa
1 aa rib−1 s−1
)−1
25C
)αcomp
The ratio %Nrib/%NEis therefore close to a constant value determined by the two rate constants, with
a small correction factor (arising from the non-protein contribution to cellular nitrogen in the rRNA).
The growth-strategy-dependent allocation to E then determines the allocation to rRNA.
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Table S-12: Representative calculations for minimum rRNA requirements for growth. Per-ribosomeprotein synthesis rate (σaφa)25C scaled for temperature of 25C derived assuming temperature-dependencegiven by a factor Q10 = 2.
Description µ σaφa rmasscellrRNA:prot
%Nrib%Ncell
%Pcell%Ncell
N:P (σaφa)25Caa rib−1 s−1 aa rib−1 s−1
yeast, 30C (lr = 5470) 0.43 h−1 8 0.25 0.35 16.2 5.7T. weissflogii 20C29 1.29 d−1 1.9 0.167 0.246 0.075 29.6 2.7
7.3 Absolute laboratory calibration of rRNA synthesis rate and rRNA contribution
to N:P
The absolute value of the rRNA content and hence the N:P stoichiometry of the E compartment de-
termines the minimum rRNA contribution to overall stoichiometry, %PE/%NE = 0.304(%Nrib/%NE),
(N : P)E = 2.21/(%PE/%NE). This depends on a calibration of the per-ribosome protein synthesis
rate. Two representative values are shown in Table S-12, and a full sensitivity study is provided in
Daines etal (2013)25. The calculation for yeast at 30C demonstrates consistency with the data com-
pilation and calculation from Loladze and Elser (2011)31. The autotroph value for the diatom T.
weissflogii is derived by comparison with the measured RNA content of the diatom at observed max-
imum rate of light-limited growth at 20C29, given the measured ratio of RNA mass to cell carbon mass
mtotrRNA/m
Ccell = 0.151 gRNA(gC)−1 and measured stoichiometry with %Ncell/%Ccell = 0.176 gN(gC)−1
(Daines etal, 2013)25.
The lowest value (φaσa)25C = 2.7aa rib−1 s−1 consistent with the T. weissflogii dataset29 (Table S-12,
scaled to a temperature of 25C by assuming Q10 = 2) then gives %Nrib/%NE = 0.62 in the limit of small
allocation to E, and for the highest value Eopt = 0.8 (in the high-light limit where allocation to L is small
and S is 0.2), gives %Nrib/%NE = 0.49, (N : P)E = 14.8 and %Nrib/%Ncell = 0.40, (N : P)cell < 18.5
(this demonstrates that the correction term 0.85Eopt... is relatively small and the optimal small and
large molecule biosynthesis contributions to E have only a small sensitivity to other parameters). Taking
the per-ribosome transcription rate from yeast (φaσa)25C = 5.7 aa rib−1 s−1 (Table S-12, scaled to a
temperature of 25C by assuming Q10 = 2) approximately halves this value for rRNA and P content at
optimal growth. The highest values for maximum optimal cellular allocation to rRNA and hence maximum
rRNA contribution to cellular P content are approximately half those of Klausmeier etal (2004)32 as we
have enforced an additional constraint on per-ribosome transcription rate from consistency with laboratory
data. Another overall consistency argument is that we might expect the maximum rRNA to protein ratio
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in an autotroph (with additional protein requirements for growth including for light harvesting and carbon
fixation, relative to a heterotroph growing on simple substrates) will always be less than the maximum in
yeast.
The calculations shown here for N:P (main paper Figure 4) use(φaσa)25C = 2.7 aa rib−1 s−1, and
include additional P contribution from phospholipid assumed a constant 10% of total cell mass33. A full
parameter sensitivity study, discussion of optimal allocation to rRNA (the Growth Rate Hypothesis) and
of potential multiple contributions to phytoplankton N:P is contained in Daines etal (2013)25. Evidence
for optimal allocation to rRNA in laboratory experiments is discussed in Loladze and Elser (2011)31.
However, some data on microalgae do not completely agree34 - the discrepancy is likely a combination of
experimental uncertainties, and additional rRNA requirements in dynamic environments. The essential
point for the interpretation here is that rRNA allocation for protein synthesis must represent a minimum
requirement for growth (based in the model approach here on laboratory calibration) and this part of P
allocation must be affected by temperature.
8 Temperature and light-dependence of optimal allocation in nutrient-
unlimited environments
A simplified steady-state optimality analysis provides additional insight into the temperature dependence
of cellular allocation strategies for exponential growth (unlimited nutrient) appropriate to large phyto-
plankton such as diatoms in high-latitude bloom forming environments or in upwelling regions. Here we
solve numerically for the optimal resource allocation to L and E that gives maximum growth rate as a
function of light and temperature, with cell radius fixed at a large value (the method is as described in24),
Figure S-14.
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A) Photosynthesis investmentLi
ght i
nten
sity
(µE
m−2
s−1)
Temperature (deg C)0 10 20 30
0
50
100
150
200B) Biosynthesis investment
Temperature (deg C)0 10 20 30
Investment (0 − 1)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 300
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1A) Low light (16 µE m−2 s−1)
Inve
stm
ent (
0 −
1)
Temperature (deg C)
SLE (sm)E (rib)
0 10 20 30
B) High light (100 µE m−2 s−1)
Temperature (deg C)
SLE (sm)E (rib)
0 10 20 300
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1A) Low light (16 µE m−2 s−1)
Inve
stm
ent (
0 −
1)
Temperature (deg C)
SLE (sm)E (rib)
0 10 20 30
B) High light (100 µE m−2 s−1)
Temperature (deg C)
SLE (sm)E (rib)
Figure S-14: Optimal allocation (fraction of cellular nitrogen) for nutrient-unlimited growth as a functionof light and temperature, and demonstration of sensitivity to ribosome synthesis rate. Top row: Optimalallocation to light harvesting and biosynthesis as a function of light and temperature. Middle row:optimal allocation as a function of temperature for two light levels, showing allocation within biosynthesiscomponent E to small and large molecule biosynthesis (ribosomes) for the lowest value (φaσa)25C =2.7 aa rib−1 s−1 consistent with the T. weissflogii dataset described in (Table S-12). Bottom row: asmiddle row, for (φaσa)25C = 5.7 aa rib−1 s−1 determined for yeast31 (Table S-12).
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