The Immune System

By: Yaz Eighaei, Samantha Lee, Brian Tom, Kristof Torok

The Body’s Three Lines of Defense

First Line of Defense: Physical and Chemical Barriers (6)➢ Non-specific barriers➢ Prevent anything foreign to the body from

penetrating the outer layer of the body➢ Skin, tears, saliva, hair, mucus

membranes, and earwax

The Body’s Three Lines of Defense

Second Line of Defense: White Blood Cells (6)➢ Non-specific➢ If a pathogen penetrates the first line of

defense white blood cells are activated

The Body’s Three Lines of Defense

Third Line of Defense: Specific Resistance (6)➢ Specific➢ Activated when first two lines of defense are

penetrated➢ The body's immune system determines

which antigens are part of its own body structure through the use of marker proteins

➢ When antigens are detected antibodies are produced

➢ T cells and B cells

Causes Cloning of T-Cells

Antigen Fragment

Interleukins

ATP (zap!)

The Concentration of Viruses is too high

Phagocytes and Phagocytosis

➢ Phagocytes: Large white blood cells that eat and digest microbes and other foreign particles (7)○ marker proteins

➢ Work by phagocytosis (type of endocytosis) where the phagocyte engulfs the invading molecules (6)

T(hymus)-Cells (5, 8)

➢ Function is to attack antigens that are on the surface of, or have invaded the body’s cells (pathogens)

➢ Surface of T cells contain specialized antibody-like receptors that can detect pathogens

➢ 2 types, cytotoxic and memory

Antigen Fragment

Cytotoxic T-Cells (4)

1.

2.

3.

Memory T-Cells (4)

Helper T-Cells (5)

➢ They are activated on the surface of antigen-presenting cells

➢ Stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies➢ Activate T-cells and B-cells to split and

create more cells ➢ Activate and determine the lifespan of

phagocytes, T-cells, and B-cells

System Video

http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.immune/immune-cells-in-action/

B-Cells (5)

➢ Secrete antibodies into the body’s fluids➢ Antibodies attack foreign antigens

circulating in the bloodstream➢ Do not penetrate cells➢ Each B-cell is programmed to make one

specific antibody

Interleukins

White Blood Cells

What is a white blood cell?➢ Phagocytes found in the blood stream that

ingest many forms of bacteria and dead cells (2)

➢ Protects the body from disease, cancer, and infection (9)

Antibodies

➢ Proteins produced by B-cells (1)➢ B-cells undergo repeated cell division when

something foreign is detected, forming clones of antibody-secreting plasma cells (3)○ Antibodies bind to the bacteria making

them easier to ingest by white blood cells (3)

Proteins in White Blood Cells

Interleukins: proteins secreted by macrophages (type of white blood cell) that acts as signals for white blood cells to activate when part of the body is infected or destroyed (5)➢ Secreted when a helper T-cell attaches to a

macrophage (5)

#WeBeDone!

Unless You got Q’s… (You got 2 minutes so make it snappy)

Works Cited1. "Antibody." MedLinePlus. MedLinePlus, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/

ency/article/002223.htm>.2. Dean L. Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology

Information (US); 2005. Chapter 1, Blood and the cells it contains. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2263/

3. "How Lymphocytes Produce Antibody." CELLS Alive! Quill Graphics, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.cellsalive.com/antibody.htm>.

4. "Immune Cells and Their Products." National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NIH, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/immunesystem/immunecells/Pages/ default.aspx>.

5. "Immune System." Austin Community College. Austin Community College, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.austincc.edu/apreview/EmphasisItems/Inflammatoryresponse.html>.

6. "Our Internal Defenses." Human Biological Science Unit. WestOne, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://tle.westone.wa.gov.au/content/file/969144ed-0d3b-fa04-2e88-8b23de2a630c/1/ human_bio_science_3b.zip/content/004_internal_defence/page_01.htm>.

7. "Phagocytes and Their Relatives." National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NIH, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/immunesystem/immunecells/Pages/ phagocytes.aspx>.

8. "Thymus." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/594569/thymus>.

9. "What Are White Blood Cells?" University of Rochester Medical Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=160&ContentID=35>.