THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion ...
-
Upload
barbara-nicholson -
Category
Documents
-
view
227 -
download
0
Transcript of THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion ...
![Page 1: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE HUMAN BODY
![Page 2: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Life Processes
Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion
![Page 3: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Organ Systems
Because humans are complex multicellular organisms, organ systems are needed to carry out the major life processes.
Levels of organization:cellstissuesorganssystems
![Page 4: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Regulation
The nervous and endocrine systems control and coordinate life activities to maintain homeostasis. This is known as regulation.
![Page 5: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nervous System
![Page 6: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Nervous System
Neurons – specialized cells that transmit electrochemical messages called impulses. This is how the body communicates rapidly
producing responses of short duration.
![Page 7: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Axon terminals
Myelin sheath
Nodes
Cell body
Axon
Nucleus
Dendrites
Section 35-2
A Neuron
Neuron
![Page 8: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Neuron
• Active transport maintains nerve cells in a charged state ready to transmit a message.
• Nerve cells use lots of glucose and have lots of mitochondria.
![Page 9: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Active Transport
![Page 10: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Synapse
Neurons communicate with each other by secreting chemicals across a tiny gap called the synapse.
![Page 11: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Vesicle
Axon
Axon terminal
Synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitter
Receptor
Dendrite of adjacent neuron
Direction of Impulse
Section 35-2
Figure 35-8 The Synapse
Synapse
![Page 12: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Used to increase alertness, relieve fatigue
Used to relieve anxiety, irritability, tension
Used to relieve pain
Stimulants
Depressants
Opiates
Amphetamines
BarbituratesTranquilizers
MorphineCodeine
Increase heart and respiratory rates; elevate blood pressure; dilate pupils; decrease appetite
Slow down the actions of the central nervous system; small amounts cause calmness and relaxation; larger amounts cause slurred speech and impaired judgement
Act as a depressant; cause drowsiness, restlessness, nausea
Section 35-5
Commonly Abused Drugs
Drug Type Medical Use Examples Effects on the body
Drugs Affect the Synapse
![Page 13: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nervous System
Central Nervous System Brain & spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System Nerve branches off the brain and spinal
cord Sense organs
![Page 14: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pons
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Pineal gland
Thalamus
Section 35-3
Figure 35-9 The Brain
Brain
![Page 15: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Spinal nerve
Central canalGray matter
White matter
Meninges
Section 35-3
Cross Section of the Spinal CordSpinal Cord
![Page 16: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cerebral cortex
Nasal cavity
Taste bud
Smell sensory area
Tastesensory area
Thalamus
Olfactory(smell) bulb
Olfactorynerve
Smell receptor
Taste pore
Taste receptor
Sensorynerve fibers
Section 35-4
The Senses of Smell and TasteSense Organs
![Page 17: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Choroid
Retina
Blood vessels
Optic nerve
Fovea
Vitreous humor
Sclera
Ligaments
Iris
Pupil
Cornea
Aqueous humor
Lens
Muscle
Section 35-4
Figure 35-14 The EyeEye
![Page 18: THE HUMAN BODY. Life Processes Regulation Nutrition Transport Respiration Locomotion Excretion.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56649ec85503460f94bd4540/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Auditory canal
Tympanum Round window Eustachian tube
Bone
Cochlea
Cochlear nerve
Semicircular canals
Oval window
StirrupAnvilHammer
Section 35-4
Figure 35-15 The EarEar