The Holocaust
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Transcript of The Holocaust
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THE HOLOCAUST
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WHAT WAS THE HOLOCAUST?
• The Nazi slaughter of 6 million Jews
• Nazis killed another 3 to 5 million others which included homosexuals, disabled, Soviet POW’s, Polish civilians, Communists and political prisoners
• Took place all over Europe
• Final Solution (1942 Wannsee Conference)
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DIFFERENTIATING PRISONERS• Red triangle—political prisoners: liberals, communists, trade unionists, social democrats,
socialists, Freemasons, and anarchists.• Green triangle— "professional criminals" (convicts, often working in the camps as Kapos).• Blue triangle—foreign forced laborers, emigrants.• Purple triangle—Bible Students, a term taken from a name of, and primarily referring to,
Jehovah's Witnesses, though a very small number of pacifists and members of other religious organizations were also imprisoned under this classification
• Pink triangle—sexual offenders, mostly homosexual men but rarely rapists, zoophiles and pedophiles]
• Black triangle—people who were deemed "asocial elements" and "work shy" including• Roma (Gypsies), who were later assigned a brown triangle• The mentally ill• Alcoholics• Vagrants and beggars• Pacifists• Conscription resisters• Prostitutes• Some anarchists• Drug addicts
• Brown triangle—Roma (Gypsies) (previously wore the black triangle).• Uninverted red triangle—an enemy POW, spy or a deserter.
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DIFFERENTIATING PRISONERS• Double-triangle badges resembled two superimposed triangles forming a
Star of David, a Jewish symbol.
• Two superimposed yellow triangles, the "Yellow badge"—a Jew
• Red inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jewish political prisoner
• Green inverted triangle upon a yellow one—a Jewish "habitual criminal"
• Purple inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jehovah's Witness of Jewish descent
• Pink inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jewish "sexual offender"
• Black inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—"asocial" and "work shy" Jews
• Voided black inverted triangle superimposed over a yellow triangle—a Jew convicted of miscegenation and labeled as a "race defiler"
• Yellow inverted triangle superimposed over a black triangle—an Aryan (woman) convicted of miscegenation and labeled as a "race defiler"
• Like those who wore pink and green triangles, people in the bottom two categories would have been convicted in criminal courts.
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NAZI EXPERIMENTS
• Hypothermia-inmates were placed in freezing water or in brutal cold for hours
• Made inmates sterile by exposing them to radiation
• Some were injected with malaria
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NAZI EXPERIMENTS
• This women was deliberately cut on her leg and the wound was infected with:• Bacteria• dirt • glass • (simulates war injury)
• Sulfonamide
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NAZI EXPERIMENTS• Placed in a low pressure chamber to
simulate 68,000 feet in Altitude
• As pressure gets lower, oxygen gets thinner
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NAZI EXPERIMENTS
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CONCENTRATION CAMPS & DEATH CAMPS
• What is the difference?• Concentration camp is where anyone is detained under harsh
conditions• Prisoners are put into forced labor and generally die of disease or
malnutrition
• Death camps are where Jews and other “undesirables” are sent to be exterminated
• Those sent directly to death camps were the elderly and very young • WHY?
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SELECTION• To the right went workers• To the left was the gas chamber
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AUSCHWITZ
• By far the largest death camp• Located in Poland (3 camps)
• Believed that 1.6 million Jews murdered here
• Most were killed with a gas called Zyklon-B
• 20,000 bodies could be gassed and cremated a day
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EMPTY ZYKLON-B CANISTERS
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GAS CHAMBER
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DID THE JEWS FIGHT BACK?• Yes, there were some resistance movements
• The biggest being in the Warsaw Ghetto in April 1943
• About 750 Jews rebelled for a month
• Almost all of those that took part were capture/killed
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RESULTS• Holocaust ends as camps are liberated by Allies
• Half of Europe’s Jewish population is killed
• Israel, a homeland for many Jews, will be created 1948
• Some Nazi doctors are put on trial
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LIBERATION
• 761st Tank Battalion
• African-American unit that liberated a sub-camp of Mauthausen