The Holocaust. What is the Holocaust? "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by...
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Transcript of The Holocaust. What is the Holocaust? "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by...
What is the Holocaust?What is the Holocaust?
"Holocaust" is a word of "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." "sacrifice by fire." The Holocaust was the The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored state-sponsored persecution and murder persecution and murder of approximately six of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi million Jews by the Nazi regime and its regime and its collaborators collaborators
Groups targeted b/c of Groups targeted b/c of “racial inferiority”“racial inferiority”
JewsJews GypsiesGypsies Handicapped PeopleHandicapped People Slavs Slavs
Poles, Russians, and Poles, Russians, and othersothers
Political & Behavioral Political & Behavioral ReasonsReasons
CommunistsCommunists SocialistsSocialists Jehovah's WitnessesJehovah's Witnesses Homosexuals Homosexuals
Names to KnowNames to Know
Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler Leader of GermanyLeader of Germany
Heinrich HimmlerHeinrich Himmler Head of SSHead of SS 22ndnd in command to in command to
HitlerHitler
Joseph Goebbels Joseph Goebbels 33rdrd in command in command Reich Propaganda Reich Propaganda
Director Director
Adolf Eichmann Adolf Eichmann SS Lieutenant Colonel SS Lieutenant Colonel implemented the implemented the
system of transporting system of transporting prisonersprisoners
Rudolf Hess Rudolf Hess Reichsminister Reichsminister in charge of Hitler's in charge of Hitler's
day-to-day schedule day-to-day schedule
More Names…More Names…
Hermann Goring Hermann Goring commander in chief of commander in chief of
the Luftwaffethe Luftwaffe Lost power to Albert Lost power to Albert
Speer and Goebbels Speer and Goebbels
Albert Speer Albert Speer one of Hitler's top aids one of Hitler's top aids Believed to have Believed to have
prolonged war – prolonged war – allowing killing of more allowing killing of more JewsJews
Reinhard Heydrich Reinhard Heydrich key member of the key member of the
group that came group that came together to discuss the together to discuss the final solution of Jews final solution of Jews in 1942 in 1942
was bombed, shot, was bombed, shot, and killed by two and killed by two Czech citizens Czech citizens
NUMBERSNUMBERS
1933 – Jewish 1933 – Jewish Population of EuropePopulation of Europe Over 9 million – prior Over 9 million – prior
to WWIIto WWII By 1950 – 3.5 millionBy 1950 – 3.5 million By 1945 – nearly 2 out By 1945 – nearly 2 out
of 3 Jews murderedof 3 Jews murdered
Nearly 200,000 Nearly 200,000 mentally & physically mentally & physically disabled peopledisabled people
Taking away Jewish rightsTaking away Jewish rights
1933 1933 begin boycotting begin boycotting
Jewish businessesJewish businesses Prohibit Jews from Prohibit Jews from
owning landowning land
19371937 Banned from Banned from
participating in certain participating in certain occupationsoccupations
19381938 Jews forced to register Jews forced to register
all of their propertyall of their property Why?Why? So Germans can take So Germans can take
it!it! Women forced to add Women forced to add
“Sarah” and men “Sarah” and men “Israel” to their names“Israel” to their names
KristallnachtKristallnacht
Night of Broken GlassNight of Broken Glass
November 9 & 10 November 9 & 10 19381938
Gangs of Nazi youth Gangs of Nazi youth roam through Jewish roam through Jewish neighborhoods neighborhoods breaking windows, breaking windows, burning synagogues, burning synagogues, and lootingand looting
Jews attacked and Jews attacked and beaten; rounded up beaten; rounded up and sent to campsand sent to camps
Events of 1939Events of 1939
Jews forced to hand Jews forced to hand over propertyover property
Nazis begin Nazis begin euthanasia on sick euthanasia on sick and disabled in and disabled in GermanyGermany
Yellow stars worn by Yellow stars worn by Jews over age 10Jews over age 10
Events of 1941Events of 1941
Einsatzgruppen (mobile Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing units) begin killing killing units) begin killing “undesirables”“undesirables”
The first test use of The first test use of Zyklon-B gas at Zyklon-B gas at Auschwitz.Auschwitz.
Himmler summons Himmler summons Auschwitz Kommandant Auschwitz Kommandant Höss to Berlin and tells Höss to Berlin and tells him, "The Führer has him, "The Führer has ordered the Final Solution ordered the Final Solution of the Jewish question. of the Jewish question. We, the SS, have to carry We, the SS, have to carry out this order...I have out this order...I have therefore chosen therefore chosen Auschwitz for this Auschwitz for this purpose."purpose."
Types of CampsTypes of Camps
LaborLabor Forced the inhabitants Forced the inhabitants
to workto work
Death/ExterminationDeath/Extermination End result to kill the End result to kill the
inhabitantsinhabitants
PrisonPrison Holding the inhabitants Holding the inhabitants
for a prolonged period for a prolonged period of time of time
TransitTransit Inhabitants only there Inhabitants only there
temporarily as they are temporarily as they are being moved from one being moved from one location to anotherlocation to another
List of Death CampsList of Death Camps
Auschwitz-Auschwitz-BirkenauBirkenau Located in present day Located in present day
PolandPoland
BełżecBełżec Located in present day Located in present day
PolandPoland
MajdanekMajdanek Current day PolandCurrent day Poland
MalyMaly TrostenetsTrostenets Current day BelarusCurrent day Belarus
ChełmnoChełmno Present day PolandPresent day Poland
JasenovacJasenovac Current day CroatiaCurrent day Croatia
LwówLwów, , JanowskaJanowska Street Street Current day UkraineCurrent day Ukraine
SobibórSobibór PolandPoland
TreblinkaTreblinka PolandPoland
WarsawWarsaw PolandPoland
Gas chambersGas chambers
Gas chambersGas chambers Victims brought in by Victims brought in by
traintrain 11stst few believed they few believed they
were leaving the were leaving the countrycountry
Told to strip nakedTold to strip naked Ripped their gold teeth Ripped their gold teeth
outout Shaved women’s Shaved women’s
headsheads
Told they needed to Told they needed to showershowerAll crowded into the All crowded into the “showers”“showers”Gas came out of Gas came out of showers…killing the showers…killing the victimsvictims
CremationCremation
Victims died Victims died elsewhereelsewhere
Taken to the ovens to Taken to the ovens to burn their bodiesburn their bodies
German citizens German citizens claimed to have no claimed to have no knowledge of this knowledge of this taking place…despite taking place…despite the horrendous smellthe horrendous smell
View of the wooden shed View of the wooden shed containing the old crematory ovens containing the old crematory ovens
Dr Josef MengeleDr Josef Mengele
SS DoctorSS Doctor
Performed medical Performed medical experiments experiments
Often killed his Often killed his “patients” and “patients” and dissected their bodiesdissected their bodies
ResultsResultsDeath Toll of the Jewish People
Country/Region Low Estimate High Estimate
Germany (1938 Borders) 125,000 130,000
Austria 580,000 65,000
Belgium & Luxembourg 24,700 29,000
Bulgaria 0 7,000
Czechoslovakia 245,000 277,000
France 64,000 83,000
Greece 58,000 65,000
Hungary & Ukraine 300,000 402,000
Italy 7,500 8,000
Netherlands 101,800 106,000
Norway 677 760
Poland & USSR 3,700,000 4,565,000
Romania 40,000 220,000
Yugoslavia 54,000 60,000
TOTAL 4,778,677 6,017,760